scholarly journals Understanding the role of lipids and lipoproteins in development

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (24) ◽  
pp. dev186411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Palm ◽  
Jonathan Rodenfels
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

ABSTRACTLipids exert diverse functions in living organisms. They form cellular membranes, store and transport energy and play signalling roles. Some lipid species function in all of these processes, making them ideal candidates to coordinate metabolism with cellular homeostasis and animal development. This theme was central to Suzanne Eaton's research in the fruit fly, Drosophila. Here, we discuss her work on membrane lipid homeostasis in changing environments and on functions for lipids in the Hedgehog signalling pathway. We further highlight lipoproteins as inter-organ carriers of lipids and lipid-linked morphogens, which communicate dietary and developmental signals throughout the organism.

scholarly journals The role of kinases in the Hedgehog signalling pathway

EMBO Reports ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid A Aikin ◽  
Katie L Ayers ◽  
Pascal P Thérond
Keyword(s):  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway

scholarly journals The Role of Diglycosyl Lipids in Photosynthesis and Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Hölzl ◽  
Sandra Witt ◽  
Nicole Gaude ◽  
Michael Melzer ◽  
Mark Aurel Schöttler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis

The role of the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway in patients with midline defects and congenital hypopituitarism

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Gregory ◽  
C. Gaston-Massuet ◽  
C.L. Andoniadou ◽  
G. Carreno ◽  
E.A. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling ◽  
Midline Defects ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway ◽  
Congenital Hypopituitarism ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog Signalling

scholarly journals The yeast FIT2 homologs are necessary to maintain cellular proteostasis and membrane lipid homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (21) ◽  
pp. jcs248526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sheng Yap ◽  
Peter Shyu ◽  
Maria Laura Gaspar ◽  
Stephen A. Jesch ◽  
Charlie Marvalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Model System ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Protein Response

ABSTRACTLipid droplets (LDs) are implicated in conditions of lipid and protein dysregulation. The fat storage-inducing transmembrane (FIT; also known as FITM) family induces LD formation. Here, we establish a model system to study the role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FIT homologues (ScFIT), SCS3 and YFT2, in the proteostasis and stress response pathways. While LD biogenesis and basal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) remain unaltered in ScFIT mutants, SCS3 was found to be essential for proper stress-induced UPR activation and for viability in the absence of the sole yeast UPR transducer IRE1. Owing to not having a functional UPR, cells with mutated SCS3 exhibited an accumulation of triacylglycerol within the ER along with aberrant LD morphology, suggesting that there is a UPR-dependent compensatory mechanism that acts to mitigate lack of SCS3. Additionally, SCS3 was necessary to maintain phospholipid homeostasis. Strikingly, global protein ubiquitylation and the turnover of both ER and cytoplasmic misfolded proteins is impaired in ScFITΔ cells, while a screen for interacting partners of Scs3 identifies components of the proteostatic machinery as putative targets. Together, our data support a model where ScFITs play an important role in lipid metabolism and proteostasis beyond their defined roles in LD biogenesis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 Pluripotent Stromal Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Moseti ◽  
Alemu Regassa ◽  
Chongxiao Chen ◽  
Karmin O ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway

Understanding of adipogenesis is important to find remedies for obesity and related disorders. In addition, it is also critical in bone disorders because there is a reciprocal relationship between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in bone micro-environment. Oxysterols are pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic molecules via hedgehog activation in pluripotent bone marrow stomal cells. However, no study has evaluated the role of specific oxysterols in C3H10T1/2 cells, which are a good cell model for studying osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone-marrows. Thus, we investigated the effects of specific oxysterols on adipogenesis and expression of adipogenic transcripts in C3H10T1/2 cells. Treatment of cells with DMITro significantly induced mRNA expression of Pparγ. This induction was significantly inhibited by 25-HC. The expression of C/cepα, Fabp4 and Lpl was also inhibited by 25-HC. To determine the mechanism by which 25-HC inhibits adipogenesis, the effects of the hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine and CUR61414, were evaluated. Treatment of C3H10T1/2 cells with DMITro + cyclopamine or DMITro + CUR61414 for 96h did not modulate adipocyte differentiation; cyclopamine and CUR61414 did not reverse the inhibitory effects of 25-HC, suggesting that the canonical hedgehog signalling may not play a role in the anti-adipogenic effects of 25-HC in C3H10T1/2 cells. In addition, LXR agonist did not inhibit adipogenesis, but 25-HC strongly inhibits adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells. Our observations showed that 25-HC was the most potent oxysterol in inhibiting adipogenesis and the expression of key adipogenic transcripts in C3H10T1/2 cells among the tested oxysterols, suggesting its potential application in providing an intervention in osteoporosis and obesity. We also report that the inhibitory effects of 25-HC on adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells are not mediated by hedgehog signaling and LXR.

scholarly journals The Role of the Hedgehog Signalling Pathway in Sporadic Medulloblastoma ♦ 762

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
R Mae Gailani ◽  
John Bukowski ◽  
Heidi Karpen ◽  
David A Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway

Participation of ABCA1 transporter in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Stanislav N. Kotlyarov ◽  
Anna A. Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reverse Transport ◽  
Current Paradigm

Despite all achievements of the modern medicine, the problem of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) does not lose its relevance. The current paradigm suggests a key role of macrophages in inflammation in COPD. Macrophages are known to be heterogeneous in their functions. This heterogeneity is determined by their immunometabolic profile and also by peculiarities of lipid homeostasis of cells. Aim. To analyze the role of the ABCA1 transporter, a member of the ABC A subfamily, in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of ABCA1 in lung tissues is on the second place after the liver, which shows the important role of the carrier and of lipid homeostasis in the function of lungs. Analysis of the literature shows that participation of the transporter in inflammation consists in regulation of the content of cholesterol in the lipid rafts of the membranes, in phagocytosis and apoptosis. Conclusion. Through regulation of the process of reverse transport of cholesterol in macrophages of lungs, ABCA1 can change their inflammatory response, which makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of COPD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document