scholarly journals Selective association of an endogenous lectin with connective tissues

1985 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
J.W. Catt ◽  
F.L. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Endogenous Lectins ◽  
Or Organization

Using indirect immunofluorescence we have localized an endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectin in resin-embedded rabbit tissue sections. The pattern of lectin distribution correlates well with biochemical estimations of lectin levels, being abundant in intestine, lung and heart tissue and relatively less abundant in skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. In all tissues lectin is found in connective tissue associated with fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix, and at the periphery of morphologically recognizable smooth muscle cells. The lectin is abundant in skin, intestine and blood vessels, where connective tissue forms the tissue architecture. It is also abundant in heart, where it is particularly associated with the capillaries and lung, where it is also found in alveolar cells. Discrete localization of lectin occurs in areas of connective tissue where epithelial elements are differentiating, such as the crypts of Lieberkuhns in the small intestine and hair follicles in the skin. From these observations we suggest that in cells of mesenchymal origin these endogenous lectins may play a role in the elaboration or organization of the extracellular matrix that regulates tissue differentiation in a number of embryonic and adult tissues.

A bioartificial rat heart tissue: Perfusion decellularization and characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busra Ozlu ◽  
Mert Ergin ◽  
Sevcan Budak ◽  
Selcuk Tunali ◽  
Nuh Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Structural Preservation

Despite remarkable advancement in the past decades, heart-related defects are still prone to progress irreversibly and can eventually lead to heart failure. A personalized extracellular matrix–based bioartificial heart created by allografts/xenografts emerges as an alternative as it can retain the original three-dimensional architecture combined with a preserved natural heart extracellular matrix. This study aimed at developing a procedure for decellularizing heart tissue harvested from rats and evaluating decellularization efficiency in terms of residual nuclear content and structural properties. Tissue sections showed no or little visible cell nuclei in decellularized heart, whereas the native heart showed dense cellularity. In addition, there was no significant variation in the alignment of muscle fibers upon decellularization. Furthermore, no significant difference was detected between native and decellularized hearts in terms of fiber diameter. Our findings demonstrate that fiber alignment and diameter can serve as additional parameters in the characterization of biological heart scaffolds as these provide valuable input for evaluating structural preservation of decellularized heart. The bioartificial scaffold formed here can be functionalized with patient’s own material and utilized in regenerative engineering.

scholarly journals EGR1 Transcription Factor is a Multifaceted Regulator of Matrix Production in Tendons and Other Connective Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Havis ◽  
Delphine Duprez
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Matrix Production

Although the transcription factor EGR1 is known as NGF1-A, TIS8, Krox24, zif/268, and ZENK, it still has many fewer names than biological functions. A broad range of signals induce Egr1 gene expression via numerous regulatory elements identified in the Egr1 promoter. EGR1 is also the target of multiple post-translational modifications, which modulate EGR1 transcriptional activity. Despite the myriad regulators of Egr1 transcription and translation, and the numerous biological functions identified for EGR1, the literature reveals a recurring theme of EGR1 transcriptional activity in connective tissues, regulating genes related to the extracellular matrix. Egr1 is expressed in different connective tissues, such as tendon (a dense connective tissue), cartilage and bone (supportive connective tissues), and adipose tissue (a loose connective tissue). Egr1 is involved in the development, homeostasis, and healing processes of these tissues, mainly via the regulation of extracellular matrix. In addition, Egr1 is often involved in the abnormal production of extracellular matrix in fibrotic conditions, and Egr1 deletion is seen as a target for therapeutic strategies to fight fibrotic conditions. This generic EGR1 function in matrix regulation has little-explored implications but is potentially important for tendon repair.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of proteome dynamics between connective tissue phases of adult tendon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Simpson ◽  
Howard Choi ◽  
Ding Wang ◽  
Mark Prescott ◽  
Andrew A. Pitsillides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Isotope Labelling ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Tissue Proteome

AbstractMaintenance of connective tissue integrity is fundamental to sustain function, requiring protein turnover to repair damaged tissue. However, connective tissue proteome dynamics remain largely undefined, as do differences in turnover rates of individual proteins in the collagen and glycoprotein phases of connective tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we investigate proteome dynamics in the collagen and glycoprotein phases of connective tissues by exploiting the spatially distinct fascicular (collagen-rich) and interfascicular (glycoprotein-rich) ECM phases of tendon. Using isotope labelling, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, we calculate turnover rates of individual proteins within rat Achilles tendon and its ECM phases. Our results demonstrate complex proteome dynamics in tendon, with ~1000-fold differences in protein turnover rates, and overall faster protein turnover within the glycoprotein-rich interfascicular matrix compared to the collagen-rich fascicular matrix. These data provide insights into the complexity of proteome dynamics in tendon, likely required to maintain tissue homeostasis.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of proteome dynamics between connective tissue phases of adult tendon

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Choi ◽  
Deborah Simpson ◽  
Ding Wang ◽  
Mark Prescott ◽  
Andrew A Pitsillides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Isotope Labelling ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Tissue Proteome

Maintenance of connective tissue integrity is fundamental to sustain function, requiring protein turnover to repair damaged tissue. However, connective tissue proteome dynamics remain largely undefined, as do differences in turnover rates of individual proteins in the collagen and glycoprotein phases of connective tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we investigate proteome dynamics in the collagen and glycoprotein phases of connective tissues by exploiting the spatially distinct fascicular (collagen-rich) and interfascicular (glycoprotein-rich) ECM phases of tendon. Using isotope labelling, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, we calculate turnover rates of individual proteins within rat Achilles tendon and its ECM phases. Our results demonstrate complex proteome dynamics in tendon, with ~1000 fold differences in protein turnover rates, and overall faster protein turnover within the glycoprotein-rich interfascicular matrix compared to the collagen-rich fascicular matrix. These data provide insights into the complexity of proteome dynamics in tendon, likely required to maintain tissue homeostasis.

Banded Structures in the Connective Tissue of Meningioma

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
Routine Procedures

Previously, we have reported on extracellular cross-striated banded structures in human connective tissues of a variety of organs (1). Since then, more material has been examined and other techniques applied. Recently, we studied a fibrocytic meningioma of the falx. After the specimen was fixed in 4% buffered glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide, other routine procedures were followed for embedding in Epon 812. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. There were numerous cross striated banded structures in aggregated bundle forms found in the connecfive tissue of the tumor. The banded material has a periodicity of about 450 Å and where it assumes a filamentous arrangement, appears to be about 800 Å in diameter. In comparison with the vicinal native collagen fibrils, the banded material Is sometimes about twice the diameter of native collagen.

CELL AND TISSUE THERAPY OF HEART

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tissue Therapy ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Recipient Tissue

The strategy of heart tissue engineering is simple enough: first remove all the cells from a organ then take the protein scaffold left behind and repopulate it with stem cells immunologically matched to the patient in need. While various suc- cessful methods for decellularization have been developed, and the feasibility of using decellularized whole hearts and extracellular matrix to support cells has been demonstrated, the reality of creating whole hearts for transplantation and of clinical application of decellularized extracellular matrix-based scaffolds will require much more research. For example, further investigations into how lineage-restricted progenitors repopulate the decellularized heart and differentiate in a site-specific manner into different populations of the native heart would be essential. The scaffold heart does not have to be human. Pig hearts carries all the essential components of the extracellular matrix. Through trial and error, scaling up the concentration, timing and pressure of the detergents, researchers have refined the decellularization process on hundreds of hearts and other organs, but this is only the first step. Further, the framework must be populated with human cells. Most researchers in the field use a mixture of two or more cell types, such as endothelial precursor cells to line blood vessels and muscle progenitors to seed the walls of the chambers. The final challenge is one of the hardest: vasculariza- tion, placing a engineered heart into a living animal, integration with the recipient tissue, and keeping it beating for a long time. Much remains to be done before a bioartificial heart is available for transplantation in humans.

scholarly journals A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
Chenglei Fan ◽  
Lucia Petrelli ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Shed Light

The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways. This review intends to discuss the various components of the fascia and their specific roles; this will be carried out in the effort to shed light on the mechanisms by which they affect the entire network and all body systems. A clear understanding of fascial anatomy from a microscopic viewpoint can further elucidate its physiological and pathological characteristics and facilitate the identification of appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Ana Santos ◽  
Yongjun Jang ◽  
Inwoo Son ◽  
Jongseong Kim ◽  
Yongdoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Connective Tissue Metabolism and Gingival Overgrowth

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Trackman ◽  
A. Kantarci
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Gingival Overgrowth ◽  
Connective Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Matrix Metabolism ◽  
Systemic Health

Gingival overgrowth occurs mainly as a result of certain anti-seizure, immunosuppressive, or antihypertensive drug therapies. Excess gingival tissues impede oral function and are disfiguring. Effective oral hygiene is compromised in the presence of gingival overgrowth, and it is now recognized that this may have negative implications for the systemic health of affected patients. Recent studies indicate that cytokine balances are abnormal in drug-induced forms of gingival overgrowth. Data supporting molecular and cellular characteristics that distinguish different forms of gingival overgrowth are summarized, and aspects of gingival fibroblast extracellular matrix metabolism that are unique to gingival tissues and cells are reviewed. Abnormal cytokine balances derived principally from lymphocytes and macrophages, and unique aspects of gingival extracellular matrix metabolism, are elements of a working model presented to facilitate our gaining a better understanding of mechanisms and of the tissue specificity of gingival overgrowth.

New insight in the biological integration of polytetrafluoroethylene from an explant used for diaphragm repair

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schneider ◽  
Isabelle Talon ◽  
Eric Mathieu ◽  
Pierre Schaaf ◽  
François Becmeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Prosthesis Failure ◽  
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Diaphragm Replacement

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a severe disease requiring diaphragm replacement mostly with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. Unfortunately, the recurrence rate is high due to prosthesis failure with significant morbidity for the child. To provide a better understanding of the integration and possible failure processes of the biomaterial implanted in humans, we conducted electron microscopical and mechanical assessments on a prosthesis explant from a child with congenital diaphragmatic hernia presenting a recurrence. Our findings show a major penetration of connective tissue into the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene on the rough side, whereas the smooth side presents few tissue colonization. This penetration is more important in the central area (area A) with large collagen bundles and layers, in comparison to the peripheral areas without prosthesis failure (area B), where few extracellular matrix is produced. The connective tissue penetrates the prosthesis in depth. In contrast, the peripheral areas with prosthesis failure (area C) show very few cells and extracellular matrix, with an oriented organization in comparison to areas A and B. Obviously, the forces applied on the implanted material modulate the cellular behavior of the newly developed tissues. Atomic force microscopic measurements of the biomaterials’ surfaces may explain some cellular behaviors according to areas with or without failure.

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