scholarly journals HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONE AND CALCIUM METABOLISM IN THE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS, ADAPTED TO FRESH WATER

1993 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Flik ◽  
W. Atsma ◽  
J. C. Fenwick ◽  
F. Rentier-Delrue ◽  
J. Smal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Growth Hormone ◽  
Total Body Calcium ◽  
Treated Fish

Homologous recombinant tilapia growth hormone (rtGH) was tested for its effects on calcium metabolism in freshwater tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were fed an optimal ration of 5 % of their body mass per day. A positive correlation was found between the amount of food given and the branchial calcium influx. In male tilapia, the mean calcium influxes were 5.80 and 11.71 micromole h-1 100 g-1 when they were fed 2 % and 5 % food, respectively. In female fish fed 5 % food, the calcium influx was 6.20 micromole h-1 100 g-1. Calcium influx via the gills was not affected by rtGH. However, in rtGH-treated fish, the net efflux of calcium was lower than in the controls. Apparently, the calcium taken up from the water was more efficiently stored in the body. GH increased the hepatosomatic index and had mild growth-promoting effects (mass and length increases); it increased the total body calcium pool without affecting bone or scale calcium density. The chloride cell density in the opercular epithelium almost doubled after GH treatment. GH did not influence plasma ion composition. Plasma cortisol levels were lower in rtGH-treated fish. A comparison of the roles of GH and prolactin (the products of the prolactin gene family) in calcium regulation of the tilapia led us to conclude that GH has specific calcitropic effects on freshwater tilapia that differ from those of prolactin.

scholarly journals Effects of Growth Hormone on Pancreatic Cancer Derived Exosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A1016-A1017
Author(s):  
Prateek Kulkarni ◽  
Reetobrata Basu ◽  
John J Kopchick
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Abstract In 2020, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates 57,600 new cases and 47,050 deaths in the US due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A dismal 10% five-year overall survival rate in PDAC is attributed to late diagnosis, limited treatment options, a remarkably high metastasis rate, and resistance of this cancer to available therapies. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of how PDAC tumors acquire drug resistance and spread to distal parts of the body are necessary for developing novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes, microscopic vesicles released from most cells (both tumor and non-tumor) have been recently established to play a significant role in cell to cell communication. Exosomes modulate their target cell responses systematically depending on the nature of exosomal cargoes (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids). PDAC derived exosomes have been implicated to promote metastasis via forming a pre-metastatic niche of cells as well as enhancing drug resistance. Growth hormone (GH) secreted primarily by the pituitary gland promotes metastasis and drug resistance as shown by plethora of studies. No study has directly assessed the effect of GH on exosomal cargoes in terms of promoting metastases and drug resistance. In this report, we show that GH modulates various pancreatic cancer cell exosomal cargoes which in turn potentially amplifies tumor invasion and metastases. Our data shows that GH treatment on human and mouse PDAC cells increases the exosomal protein levels of TGFβ - a critical inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT, a process leading to metastasis). In addition, GH treatment also increases extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, MMP2 and 9, as well as multi-drug efflux pump ABCC1, ABCB1, and ABCG2 in PDAC cells. These results strongly implicate GH action in driving EMT and chemoresistance via exosomes in pancreatic cancer. Exosomes have a crucial impact especially in the areas of diagnostics and therapeutics. This report is the first to show that GH modulates the effects of exosomes secreted by pancreatic cancer cells. Acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by the State of Ohio’s Eminent Scholar Program that includes a gift from Milton and Lawrence Goll, by the AMVETS, and Ohio University’s Student Enhancement Award and Edison Biotechnology Institute.

Growth Hormone Treatment of Girls With Turner Syndrome: The National Cooperative Growth Study Experience

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 479-481
Author(s):  
Leslie Plotnick ◽  
Kenneth M. Attie ◽  
Sandra L. Blethen ◽  
Judy P. Sy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Growth Hormone ◽  
National Cooperative

Objective. To evaluate growth rate and adult height with recombinant growth hormone (GH) treatment in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) and predictors of their growth response. Methods. Data on girls with TS who were treated with GH in the National Cooperative Growth Study (NCGS) were evaluated. As of January 1997, there were 2798 girls with TS in the NCGS database, 2652 of whom had not previously received GH. Follow-up data on growth were available for 2475 subjects, and data on adult height were available for 622. Results. The average age of girls with TS at enrollment in the NCGS was 10.1 ± 3.6 years. These patients had severely short stature compared with that of unaffected American girls (height, 118.5 ± 16.5 cm; height standard deviation score [SDS], −3.1 ± 0.9), but their heights were typical of those of American girls with TS (TS-specific height SDS, 0.01 ± 0.9). Treatment with GH for an average duration of 3.2 ± 2.0 years resulted in an increase in height SDS of 0.8 ± 0.7 compared with unaffected girls and of 1.2 ± 0.8 compared with TS standards. Growth rates increased from 4.0 ± 2.3 cm/year before treatment to 7.5 ± 2.0 cm/year after 1 year of treatment. Duration of treatment with GH was the strongest predictor of change in height SDS. After 6 to 7 years of treatment with GH, there was a cumulative change of 2.0 in mean height SDS. The 622 girls who reached adult height were older when they began taking GH. Their mean height gain over pre-GH projected height was 6.4 ± 4.9 cm after 3.7 ± 1.9 years of treatment. Their adult height was 148.3 ± 5.6 cm. Conclusions. Although the response to treatment with GH varied, it was associated with highly significant gains in growth and adult height in girls with TS. Duration of treatment with GH was the most important variable predicting adult height.

Effects of growth hormone administration on the body composition and hormone levels of genetically fat sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis ◽  
N. B. Jopson ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn ◽  
S. K. Stuart ◽  
B. A. Veenvliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Plasma Gh

AbstractCoopworth sheep selected for low (lean) or high (fat) backfat have large differences in plasma GH profiles. Fat genotype ram lambs (5 months old) were treated with growth hormone (GH) to simulate the plasma GH profiles of lean sheep and investigate whether exogenous GH could modify carcass fatness. For 77 days, bovine GH was administered at 25 Uglkg live weight per day either as a single, daily subcutaneous bolus (fat bolus) or via portable pulsatile infusion pumps (fat pump) which delivered GH solution at 90-min intervals into a jugular catheter. Measurements of body composition were made by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonic scanning during the trial, with linear carcass measurements and proximate analysis undertaken at the end of the experiment.Before treatments began, mean plasma GH levels were lower (P < 0·01) in fat control (0·34 ugll) than in lean lambs (1·1 μg/l). Several weeks after the start of the trial, mean plasma GH had increased in both fat bolus (1·2 μg/l) and fat pump (0·45 μg/l) treatment lambs with major changes in the pulsatility relative to the fat control lambs. Although these changes were maintained in the fat bolus lambs, by the end of the trial there was no significant difference in mean plasma GH between fat pump and fat control sheep. Throughout the trial, plasma 1GF-1 levels were higher in fat bolus, fat pump and lean lambs than in fat control lambs. Analysis of body composition data over the GH treatment period revealed that the slope of the allometric equation for total fat relative to empty body weight was lower in the fat bolus lambs (1·07) than in the lean lambs (1·50) with fat control and fat pump treatment lambs intermediate (1·30 and 1·36, respectively). Subcutaneous fat was later maturing in lean lambs than in fat control and bolus treatment lambs when regressed against total fat, with the fat pump treatment lambs being intermediate. Linear carcass measurements revealed changes due to GH administration in the distribution of subcutaneous fat and eye muscle dimensions.It is concluded that sheep from the fat genotype show physiological responses to exogenous GH. Increasing plasma GH levels of fat sheep increased plasma IGF-1 and had variable effects on carcass fatness. The change in body composition may be affected by the mode of administration of exogenous GH.

Promotion of Rapid Growth of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) by a Recombinant Fish Growth Hormone

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Agellon ◽  
C. J. Emery ◽  
J. M. Jones ◽  
S. L. Davies ◽  
A. D. Dingle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

The rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) growth hormone (GH) cDNA clone isolated previously programs the synthesis in Escherichia coli of a chimeric GH polypeptide that differs from the mature form of the natural hormone by an additional 11 amino acid residues at the NH2-terminus. Treatment of yearling rainbow trout with an enriched preparation of this recombinant GH resulted in enhancement of growth. Specific growth rates, weight increase, and length increase of GH-treated fish were markedly higher than those of the mock-treated or untreated fish. In addition, the chemical composition and ultrastructure of muscle tissue of GH-treated fish were not significantly different from that of control fish. These results suggest that the recombinant GH possesses growth-promoting activity and that GH-treatment results in not only accelerated but also normal growth of fish.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects?

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. R155-R181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetobrata Basu ◽  
Yanrong Qian ◽  
John J Kopchick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor Gene ◽  
Cognition And Aging

Growth hormone (GH) is produced primarily by anterior pituitary somatotroph cells. Numerous acute human (h) GH treatment and long-term follow-up studies and extensive use of animal models of GH action have shaped the body of GH research over the past 70 years. Work on the GH receptor (R)-knockout (GHRKO) mice and results of studies on GH-resistant Laron Syndrome (LS) patients have helped define many physiological actions of GH including those dealing with metabolism, obesity, cancer, diabetes, cognition and aging/longevity. In this review, we have discussed several issues dealing with these biological effects of GH and attempt to answer the question of whether decreased GH action may be beneficial.

scholarly journals Treatment of pituitary dwarfism in children and teenagers in the Stavropol territory

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Leonid Yakovlevich Klimov ◽  
Roza Arturovna Atanesyan ◽  
Tatyana Alekseevna Uglova ◽  
Tatyana Michailovna Vdovina ◽  
Viktoria Alexandrovna Kuryaninovna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Recombinant Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Dwarfism ◽  
Initial Deviation ◽  
Stavropol Region

The article is devoted to the analysis of clinical and anthropometric indicators of 38 children and adolescents with pituitary dwarfism in the Stavropol region, receiving replacement therapy with recombinant growth hormone (rGH). The authors demonstrated a high growth stimulating efficacy of the rGR, as well as a positive impact on the level of blood cholesterol in children with somatotropic deficiency. Prognostic factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment were found (chronological age of initiation of therapy, baseline SDS of growth). In particular, it is shown that therapy with preparations of GH in children aged 8 to 10 years allows you to achieve a higher growth-stimulating effect in comparison with patients whose treatment is carried out at a later age. The study of the relationship between the initial deviation of the length of the body and the results of therapy in patients with growth hormone deficiency illustrates that a pronounced lag in growth is a predictive factor provides a more significant effect drugs rGR.

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