Immunolocalization of Na+/K+-ATPase in branchial epithelium of chum salmon fry during seawater and freshwater acclimation

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (22) ◽  
pp. 3031-3040 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Shikano ◽  
Y Fujio
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Spherical Cells ◽  
Osmoregulatory Ability ◽  
Large Spherical

Immunolocalization of the -subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase was examined in the gill epithelium of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry during acclimation to brackish water (25 salinity) and reintroduction to fresh water. In freshwater fish, strong immunoreactivity was associated with the large spherical cells located on the free surface of the primary lamellae, especially in those found at the base of the secondary lamellae, and with the large spherical cells located on the secondary lamellae.The large spherical cells located near the central venous sinus at the base of the secondary lamellae and in the interlamellar regions, however, showed little or no immunoreactivity. When freshwater fish were acclimated to brackish water, immunoreactivity developed in the large spherical cells near the central venous sinus concomitant with an increase in the hypo-osmoregulatory ability of the fish. In contrast, reintroduction from brackish water to fresh water caused the disappearance of the immunoreactivity in the large spherical cells near the central venous sinus and a reduction in hypo-osmoregulatory ability. During acclimation to brackish water and reintroduction to fresh water, the hypo-osmoregulatory ability of the fish did not correlate with the total number of large spherical cells located on the primary lamellae but was closely correlated with the number of large spherical cells showing strong immunoreactivity for Na+/K+-ATPase. We conjecture that these immunopositive large spherical cells are mature differentiated chloride cells, whereas the immunonegative large spherical cells are young developing chloride cells. The development of immunoreactivity for Na+/K+-ATPase in young chloride cells may be one of the most important factors in the development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability by chum salmon fry.

A light microscopic study of the action of sodium orthovanadate on the gills of fresh-water and sea-water eels (Anguilla anguilla L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Kelly ◽  
B. J. S. Pirie ◽  
M. V. Bell ◽  
J. R. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Sodium Orthovanadate ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Gill Filaments

Gills of fresh-water and sea-water eels were perfused at a constant pressure with physiological Ringer containing 10−6 M sodium orthovanadate and examined by light microscopy. The secondary gill filaments were markedly vasoconstricted in both freshwater and sea-water fish although the peripheral blood route around the secondary filaments was unaffected. The central venous space in the primary filament was largely unaffected. Significant constriction of both afferent and efferent arteries on the primary filament occurred. We conclude that orthovanadate vasoconstricts eel gills mainly at the level of the secondary filaments. The study also emphasizes that chloride cells are located on both the primary and secondary filaments of fresh-water gills but solely on the primary filaments of sea-water gills.

Osmoregulatory ability of chum salmon,Oncorhynchus keta, reared in fresh water for prolonged periods

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hasegawa ◽  
T. Hirano ◽  
T. Ogasawara ◽  
M. Iwata ◽  
T. Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Osmoregulatory Ability

‘Chloride Cells’ in the Gills of Fresh-Water Teleosts

1964 ◽  
Vol s3-105 (69) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
J. S. DATTA MUNSHI
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucous Gland ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Saline Medium

Specialized cells of several kinds, namely, (a) mucous-gland cells, (b) large bi- or tria nucleate glandular cells, and (c) mast cells occur in the gills of some species of freshwater teleosts. The typical ‘goblet’ type of mucous glands are present in large number in freshwater species, such as Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Ophiocephalus punctatus, and Mastacembalus armatus. In Catla catla, these glands respond to the ‘chloride testy’. This indicates that, besides discharging mucus, they also play some part in the elimination of chloride. In Ophiocephalus punctatus, Clarias batrachus, and Heteropneustes fossilis only some of the mucous cells give a positive reaction with the AgNO3/HNO3 test for chloride. This may mean that a few of them are in a state of active secretion of chlorides, while others are in a non-secretory phase. Large eosinophil glands with 2 or 3 nuclei also occur, chiefly in the siluroids. The function of these hypertrophied multicellular glands is not clear. Judged by the AgNO3/HNO3 test, Catla catla possesses the highest number of chloride cells. In Hilsa ilisha, Rita rita, Ophiocephalus striatus and Mastacembalus armatus, only a ‘network of silver’ exists on the surface of the primary and secondary lamellae. The ‘chloride cells’ are said to be a characteristic of marine fishes in which an extrarenal mechanism for the elimination of excess of salts from the body fluid is necessary for correct osmo-regulation. These cells are also said to make their appearance in fresh-water fishes that have been experimentally subjected to a saline medium. The presence and occurrence of ‘chloride cells’ in fresh-water fishes living in their natural habitat is, therefore, interesting. The discovery of the presence of actively secreting chloride cells in certain species of fresh-water teleosts and their mucoid nature are new results reported here.

scholarly journals Cytological comparison of gill chloride cells and blood serum ion concentrations in kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) spawners from brackish (Caspian Sea) and fresh water (Khoshkrood River) environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ghahremanzadeh ◽  
Javid Imanpour Namin ◽  
Ali Bani ◽  
Ali Hallajian
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Average Size

Abstract The size and number of chloride cells and serum ion concentrations in kutum, Rutillus frisii kutum Nordman, from brackish (Caspian Sea) and fresh water (Khoshkrood River) environments were studied to gain a better understanding of osmoregulation in this species. Twenty mature kutum specimens were collected from the Caspian Sea (Anzali coasts, 8.49 ppt salinity and 12.4°C temperature) and 20 specimens from Khoshkrood River (0.18 ppt salinity and 18°C temperature). Gill samples were analyzed histologically and concentrations of Na+, Cl- , K+, and Mg2+ ions were determined in the blood serum. Concentrations of Na+, Cl- , K+, and Mg2+ ions and osmotic pressure in mature kutum from brackish water were significantly higher than in specimens from fresh water. The average size and number of chloride cells in the fish from seawater were considerably larger than those from fresh water. The mean size of chloride cells was 6.89 ± 1.16 μm in brackish water samples and 5.1 ± 0.81 μm in river samples. The average number of chloride cells in brackish and river water samples were 16.92 and 6.57, respectively. The density and size of chloride cells increased with increases in salinity

Morphology of gill epithelia in fish

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. R147-R159 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Laurent ◽  
S. Dunel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Accessory Cell ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Close Relationship

In fish of all groups examined including Teleostei, Chondrostei, Holostei, Chondrichytes, and Dipnoi, the primary epithelium that surrounds the primary lamellae has a close relationship with the venous compartment. Except in Dipnoi that displays a specialized epithelial drainage, the venous compartment consists of a central venous sinus that is connected with the systemic vasculature by noninnervated muscular arteriovenous anastomoses and drains into the branchial veins. Primary epithelium contains the chloride cells, which vary in morphology and number according to the milieu where the fish lives. The presence of an accessory cell beside the chloride cell is characteristic of seawater or seawater-adapted fish. The secondary epithelium that covers the free part of the secondary lamellae has an exclusive relationship with the arterioarterial vasculature, i.e., the pillar capillary compartment. This compartment is actively controlled by innervated sphincters located in the primary lamellae and in lower species by pre- and postlamellar noninnervated sphincters. Contraction of pillar cells may also contribute to this control. The secondary epithelium consists of an outermost layer of pavement cells that exhibited structural characteristics suggestive of cell coat secretion and an innermost layer of less differentiated cells. In contrast to the primary epithelium, the secondary epithelium does not exhibit any obvious differences between freshwater and seawater fish or undergo any obvious change during transfer of fish from fresh- to seawater. However, in conditions which exaggerate the absorptive functions of freshwater chloride cells, the secondary epithelium become modified by an intensive differentiation of freshwater chloride cells from its innermost layer of cells. These observations suggest possible specialized functional relationships between seawater chloride cells and the central venous sinus, and freshwater chloride cells and the arterioarterial compartment.

Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

Assessment of oxidative DNA damage, oxidative stress responses and histopathological alterations in gill and liver tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with linuron

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712098420
Author(s):  
Ahmet Topal ◽  
Arzu Gergit ◽  
Mustafa Özkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

We investigated changes in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity which is a product of oxidative DNA damage, histopathological changes and antioxidant responses in liver and gill tissues of rainbow trout, following a 21-day exposure to three different concentrations of linuron (30 µg/L, 120 µg/L and 240 µg/L). Our results indicated that linuron concentrations caused an increase in LPO levels of liver and gill tissues ( p < 0.05). While linuron induced both increases and decreases in GSH levels and SOD activity, CAT activity was decreased by all concentrations of linuron ( p < 0.05). The immunopositivity of 8-OHdG was detected in the hepatocytes of liver and in the epithelial and chloride cells of the secondary lamellae of the gill tissues. Our results suggested that linuron could cause oxidative DNA damage by causing an increase in 8-OHdG activity in tissues, and it induces histopathological damage and alterations in the antioxidant parameters of the tissues.

scholarly journals Content of inorganic solutes in lettuce grown with brackish water in different hydroponic systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Fabio T. O. de Freitas ◽  
Paula C. Viana ◽  
Maria R. S. Rafael ◽  
André D. de Azevedo Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of ions in lettuce grown in different hydroponic systems and recirculation frequencies. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. The evaluated hydroponic systems were Nutrient Flow Technique (NFT) and an adapted Deep Flow Technique (DFT), the latter with recirculation frequencies of 0.25, 2 and 4 h. Both systems used fresh water and brackish water. Plant growth, accumulation of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, Cl- and NO3-) and the correlation between dry matter production and Na+/K+ and Cl-/NO3- were evaluated. The salinity of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution caused decrease in growth and K+ and NO3- levels, and increased contents of Na+ and Cl- in the plants. When using fresh water the highest dry matter production was obtained in the NFT system. In case of brackish water the adapted DFT system increased the production, in relation to NFT system (at same recirculation frequency: 0.25 h). It was found that the choice of the type of hydroponic system and recirculation interval for the cultivation of lettuce depends on the quality of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution.

XII.—The Brackish-water Lochs of North Uist

1937 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water

About the year 1695 Martin Martin visited the Hebrides, and of the Island of North Uist he writes, “There is such a number of fresh water lakes here as can hardly be believed. … They are generally well stocked with trout and eels and some of them with salmon, and, which is yet more strange, cod, ling, mackerel, etc., are taken in these lakes into which they are brought by the spring tides.” This old reference suggested that the brackish-water fauna of the Hebrides might be of considerable interest and extent. Consequently I spent part of the summers of 1933 and 1935 in North Uist in order to study the fauna of the lochs and the conditions under which the animals were living.

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