scholarly journals The hydrodynamic regime drives flow reversals in suction-feeding larval fishes during early ontogeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (9) ◽  
pp. jeb214734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamoorthy Krishnan ◽  
Asif Shahriar Nafi ◽  
Roi Gurka ◽  
Roi Holzman
Keyword(s):  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Hydrodynamic Regime ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Larval Fishes ◽  
Flow Reversals

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic regime drives flow reversals in suction feeding larval fishes during early ontogeny

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamoorthy Krishnan ◽  
Asif Shahriar Nafi ◽  
Roi Gurka ◽  
Roi Holzman
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Hydrodynamic Regime ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Larval Fishes

AbstractFish larvae are the smallest self-sustaining vertebrates. As such, they face multiple challenge that stem from their minute size, and from the hydrodynamic regime in which they dwell. This regime of intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re) was shown to affect the swimming of larval fish and impede their ability to capture prey. Numerical simulations indicate that the flow fields external to the mouth in younger larvae result in shallower spatial gradients, limiting the force exerted on the prey. However, observations on feeding larvae suggest that failures in prey capture can also occur during prey transport, although the mechanism causing these failures is unclear. We combine high-speed videography and numerical simulations to investigate the hydrodynamic mechanisms that impede prey transport in larval fishes. Detailed kinematics of the expanding mouth during prey capture by larval Sparus aurata were used to parameterize age-specific numerical models of the flows inside the mouth. These models reveal that, for small larvae that slowly expand their mouth, not all the fluid that enters the mouth cavity is expelled through the gills, resulting in flow reversal at the mouth orifice. This efflux at the mouth orifice was highest in the younger ages, but was also high (>8%) in slow strikes produced by larger fish. Our modeling explains the observations of “in-and-out” events in larval fish, where prey enters the mouth but is not swallowed. It further highlights the importance of prey transport as an integral part in determining suction feeding success.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic regime determines the feeding success of larval fish through the modulation of strike kinematics

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1853) ◽  
pp. 20170235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor China ◽  
Liraz Levy ◽  
Alex Liberzon ◽  
Tal Elmaliach ◽  
Roi Holzman
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Hydrodynamic Regime ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Success ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Larval fishes experience extreme mortality rates, with 99% of a cohort perishing within days after starting to actively feed. While recent evidence suggests that hydrodynamic factors contribute to constraining larval feeding during early ontogeny, feeding is a complex process that involves numerous interacting behavioural and biomechanical components. How these components change throughout ontogeny and how they contribute to feeding remain unclear. Using 339 observations of larval feeding attempts, we quantified the effects of morphological and behavioural traits on feeding success of Sparus aurata larvae during early ontogeny. Feeding success was determined using high-speed videography, under both natural and increased water viscosity treatments. Successful strikes were characterized by Reynolds numbers that were an order of magnitude higher than those of failed strikes. The pattern of increasing strike success with increasing age was driven by the ontogeny of traits that facilitate the transition to higher Reynolds numbers. Hence, the physical growth of a larva plays an important role in its transition to a hydrodynamic regime of higher Reynolds numbers, in which suction feeding is more effective.

scholarly journals Relative importance of growth and behaviour to elasmobranch suction-feeding performance over early ontogeny

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayv Lowry ◽  
Philip J Motta
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Chiloscyllium Plagiosum ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Triakis Semifasciata ◽  
Leopard Sharks

Development of the ability to capture prey is crucial to predator survival. Trends in food-capture performance over early ontogeny were quantified for leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata and whitespotted bamboosharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum by measuring suction pressure and flow in front of the mouth during feeding. At any size, C. plagiosum produce greater subambient pressure and ingest more rounded water parcels. Maximum subambient pressure scaled with negative allometry in T. semifasciata and was accompanied by an increase in the time to reach maximum gape. Despite a similar trend in buccal expansion timing, maximum pressure in C. plagiosum scaled with isometry and was accompanied by an earlier onset of hyoid depression and a positive allometric increase in buccal reserve volume. Growth was the primary factor responsible for developmental trends in both species, with size-independent behavioural changes contributing little to overall performance variability. Ontogenetic dietary shifts are predicted for both species as a consequence of size-dependent changes in performance. Chiloscyllium plagiosum becomes anatomically and behaviourally canalized towards suction feeding, limiting the effective range of prey capture and possibly necessitating stalking. Triakis semifasciata , by contrast, retains the flexibility to employ both ram and suction and therefore captures more elusive prey with age.

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE MAIN SYSTEMS AND ORGANS IN EARLY LARVAE OF MULLETS (LIZA AURATA, RISSO, 1810)

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Dariya Aleksandrovna Gavrilova ◽  
Maria Pavlovna Grushko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Liza Aurata ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Major Organ ◽  
Well Differentiated

The aim of this work was to study peculiarities of mullet morphological organization during early ontogeny. Sample selection was made on board Caspian research and development Institute of Fisheries’ research vessel in period from June to September, 2015 in Russian waters of the Caspian Sea. Larvae aged 10 days could be characterized by heterochrony in the development of major organ systems. Nervous system and sense organs were well developed. The eyeball had all membranes well-differentiated, in the retina all the layers were formed. The olfactory fossae had cells of 3 types: olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. There was observed intensive formation of respiratory, cardiovascular, excretory and digestive systems. The early development of the nervous system and sensory organs of the larvae indicated adaptation of mullet to active life.

EMBRYONIC HAEMOPOIESIS IN EARLY ONTOGENY OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPIUS)

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Anna Viktorovna Pirog ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Lozhnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Active Feeding ◽  
Hemopoietic Organ ◽  
Hemopoietic Organs

The study of the growth of blood cells and hemopoietic organs of claravia catfish ( Clarias gariepius ) grown in the closed loop water systems on the basis of "RANTOP AGRO-5" LLC in the Krasnodar region. Test materials (prolarvae and larvae aged 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days of active feeding) were selected in the spring-summer period of 2013-2014. Prolarvae in mesenchyma of forming mesonephros which begins to develop after hatching had primordial precursor cell and blast blood cells between forming vesicles. There took place differentiation of erythropoietic cells: erythroblasts, pronormoblasts and basophilic normoblasts. Accumulation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes indicates that since the first day of hatching, the blood starts to perform transport function - transportation of oxygen. The rudiment of thymus was observed in larvae aged 10 days. This organ generated lymphocytepoietic cells. The central hemopoietic organ - spleen - was originally registered as a mesenchymal rudiment at the age of 10 days. At the age of 25 days, development of the organ stroma is not finished in clarid catfish larvae. Reticular tissues develop actively. Separate lymphoid clumps in the spleen structure have not been found. Melano-macrofagic centres are also unformed. Qualitative analysis of haemopoiesis showed that in spleen there take place development of all types of blood cells: erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis and agranulopoiesis.

STABLE ISOTOPE INVESTIGATION OF EARLY ONTOGENY IN UPPER CRETACEOUS OWL CREEK FORMATION AMMONITES

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Linzmeier ◽  
◽  
Jocelyn A. Sessa ◽  
I.J. Orland ◽  
Neil H. Landman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Early Ontogeny
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