Linoleic Acid, Vitamin E and Other Fat-Soluble Substances in the Nutrition of Certain insects, Ephestia Kuehniella, E. Elutella, E. Cautella and Plodia Interpunctella (Lep.)

1946 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 172-190
Author(s):  
G. FRAENKEL ◽  
M. BLEWETT
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Saponifiable Fraction

1. The larvae of the moths belonging to the genus Ephestia, E. kuehniella, E. elutella and E. cautella grow well on artificial diets which also contain wheat-germ oil. In the absence of wheat-germ oil growth is slow, the mortality high and the moths fail to emerge from the pupae. 2. With suboptimal quantities of wheat-germ oil moths emerge with the wings lacking in scales. 3. The saponifiable fraction of wheat-germ oil is necessary for emergence and good scales, and the unsaponifiable fraction for good growth. 4. The active substance in the saponifiable fraction is linoleic acid. Linolenic acid has approximately the same effect as linoleic acid. Oleic acid has no effect. 5. The active substance in the unsaponifiable fraction is vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and possibly other antioxidants. One of the functions of vitamin E is that of an antioxidant which stabilizes linoleic acid. In this respect vitamin E can be replaced by ethyl and propyl gallates, or by ascorbic acid. 6. Apart from this stabilizing effect on linoleic acid, the unsaponifiable fraction of wheat-germ oil, or vitamin E, have also an independent growth effect. There are also indications that linoleic acid has a growth effect. 7. It is shown that the effect of a number of vegetable and animal fats on scales and emergence is strictly parallel to their linoleic acid content. 8. With cod-liver oil, halibut-liver oil, lard and butter growth is fast, while the effect on scales and emergence is small or nil. The growth effect of codliver oil is mainly or partly due to its content of docosahexenoic and probably other highly unsaturated fatty acids. 9. Large quantities of cereal starches in the diet have a favourable effect on scales and emergence which is attributed to the presence, in starch, of impurities of linoleic acid. No such effect has been encountered with potato starch which is free of linoleic acid. 10. The similarities and dissimilarities in the linoleic acid deficiency of the rat and Ephestia have been discussed. 11. The symptoms of the linoleic acid deficiency of Ephestia are similar, if not perhaps identical, with those of a genetical condition known as Glasflügeligkeit

scholarly journals Further observations on the constituents of the unsaponifiable fraction of wheat germ oil with particular reference to vitamin E.

1935 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2510-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Cecil Drummond ◽  
Eleanor Singer ◽  
Roy James Macwalter
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil

scholarly journals A study of the unsaponifiable fraction of wheat germ oil with special reference to vitamin E

1935 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Cecil Drummond ◽  
Eleanor Singer ◽  
Roy James Macwalter
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil

Fish oil plus wheat germ oil have no prominent effect on homocysteine levels and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hadeer Zakaria ◽  
Tarek M. Mostafa ◽  
Gamal A. El-Azab ◽  
Nagy AH Sayed-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Abstract. Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and malnutrition are frequently detected in hemodialysis patients and are believed to exacerbate cardiovascular comorbidities. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to lower homocysteine levels by up-regulating metabolic enzymes and improving substrate availability for homocysteine degradation. Additionally, it has been suggested that prevention of folate depletion by vitamin E consumption decreases homocysteine levels. However, data on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E on homocysteine levels and nutritional status have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of combined supplementation of fish oil, as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, with wheat germ oil, as a source of vitamin E, on homocysteine and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two equally-sized groups; a supplemented group who received 3000 mg/day of fish oil [1053 mg omega-3 fatty acids] plus 300 mg/day of wheat germ oil [0.765 mg vitamin E], and a matched placebo group who received placebo capsules for 4 months. Serum homocysteine and different nutritional indices were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty patients in each group completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in homocysteine levels and in the nutritional indices neither in the supplemented nor in the placebo-control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fish oil and wheat germ oil combination did not produce significant effects on serum homocysteine levels and nutritional indices of hemodialysis patients.

THE EFFECTS OF WHEAT GERM OIL AND LINOLEIC ACID ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE HOUSE CRICKET

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Ritchot ◽  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Lipid other than sterol improves the growth and development of nymphs of Acheta domesticus (L.), as shown by the effect of adding wheat germ oil and linoleic acid to the diet. Such lipid is also necessary for reproduction: the effect appears to be on the male, but may also be on the female.

scholarly journals THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING HEXANE AND METHANOL EXTRACT OF SINYO NAKAL (DURANTA REPENS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
PURWANTININGSIH SUGITA ◽  
RIZKI AMILIA ◽  
BUDI ARIFIN ◽  
DYAH UTAMI CAHYANING RAHAYU ◽  
HANHAN DIANHAR
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Based Medicine

Objective: Phytochemicals are naturally present in every part of plants range from leaves, stem bark, and fruits to roots. The use of plant-based medicine is popular among individuals and communities in developing countries. This study evaluated that the phytochemical profile of Duranta repens fruits was collected from Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: Air-dried D. repens fruits were macerated by n-hexane and methanol, a separate flask. n-Hexane extract, then underwent saponification to remove fat. Then, the unsaponifiable of n-hexane and methanol extract was tested through phytochemical screening, respectively. Results: The methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids, but the unsaponifiable fraction only contained steroids. The unsaponifiable fraction was found to be a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C13-C20, fatty acids (palmitic and linoleic acid), squalene, and Vitamin E. Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of the plant plays an important role for pharmaceutical studies especially discovering new potential drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

WHEAT GERM OIL AND REPRODUCTION A REVIEW

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (2_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S5-S15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Richard Dukelow
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reproductive Processes

ABSTRACT Wheat germ oil is a biochemical complex containing many substances. Many of these are unidentified at the present time. In the past, confusion has existed due to the assumed equivalence of wheat germ oil and vitamin E and this has resulted, in several instances, of misinterpretation of research data. With recent discoveries of beneficial effects of wheat germ oil on reproductive processes in humans, cattle, sheep and laboratory animals, as well as the physiological effects on oxygen uptake and endurance of both wheat germ oil and octacosanol, it appears that a reevaluation of these natural products would be in order.

On Treatment of Sterility in Cows with Wheat Germ Oil (Vitamin E)

1931 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
P. Vogt-Moller ◽  
F. Bay
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil

Wheat germ oil (vitamin E) therapy in obstetrics

1936 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Macbeth Watson ◽  
W.Pelton Tew
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil
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