scholarly journals Different fuel regulation in two types of myofiber results in different antioxidant strategies in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.231639
Author(s):  
Xu Shen-Hui ◽  
Wei-Wei Fu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hui-Ping Wang ◽  
Kai Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Strategy Formation ◽  
Fuel Metabolism ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Edl Muscle

We previously showed that different skeletal muscles in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) possess different antioxidant strategies during hibernation; however, the reason for these varied strategies remains unclear. To clarify this issue, we studied REDD1, FOXO4, PGC-1α, FOXO1, and atrogin-1 proteins to determine the potential cause of the different antioxidant strategies in Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation, and to clarify whether different strategies affect atrophy-related signals. Results showed that the soleus (SOL) muscle experienced intracellular hypoxia during interbout arousal, but no oxidative stress. This may be due to increased PGC-1α expression enhancing antioxidant capacity in the SOL under hypoxic conditions. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle showed no change in oxidative stress, hypoxia, or antioxidant capacity during hibernation. The FOXO1 and PGC-1α results strongly suggested differentially regulated fuel metabolism in the SOL and EDL muscles during hibernation, i.e., enhanced lipid oxidation and maintained anaerobic glycolysis, respectively. Atrogin-1 expression did not increase during hibernation in either the SOL or EDL, indicating that protein synthesis was not inhibited by atrogin-1. Thus, our results suggest that different fuel regulation may be one mechanism related to antioxidant defense strategy formation in different kinds of skeletal muscle fibers of Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation.

Differential activation of the calpain system involved in individualized adaptation of different fast-twitch muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Ma ◽  
Hui Chang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Shenhui Xu ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Differential Activation ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Calpain System

We examined the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), plantaris (PL), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles to determine whether differential activation of the calpain system is related to the degree of atrophy in these fast-twitch skeletal muscles during hibernation in Daurian ground squirrels ( Spermophilus dauricus). Results from morphological indices showed various degrees of atrophy in the order LG > PL > EDL. Furthermore, all three muscles underwent fast-to-slow fiber-type conversion in hibernation. In regard to the calpain system in the LG muscle, cytosolic Ca2+ increased significantly in hibernation, followed by recovery in posthibernation. Furthermore, calpastatin expression significantly decreased, and calpain 1 and 2 expression significantly increased, which may be responsible for the increased degradation of desmin during hibernation compared with that during summer activity. In the EDL muscle, Ca2+ overload was observed during interbout arousal, and calpastatin showed an increase during hibernation and interbout arousal, which could explain the increased levels of troponin T during both periods compared with levels during summer activity. These findings suggest that cytosolic Ca2+ overload and subsequent calpain 1 and 2 activation may be an important mechanism of LG muscle atrophy during hibernation. Cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis and high expression of calpain inhibitor calpastatin during hibernation may also be an important mechanism for the EDL muscle to maintain muscle mass. Thus, the differential activation of the calpain system and selective degradation of downstream substrates may be involved in muscle atrophy of different fast-twitch muscles during hibernation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that the extent of both muscle atrophy and calpain system activation differed in fast-twitch lateral gastrocnemius (LG), plantaris (PL), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels, but similar hierarchies in the order of LG > PL > EDL. The differential activation of the calpain system and selective degradation of downstream substrates may be involved in muscle atrophy in different fast-twitch muscles during hibernation.

scholarly journals Activity of mu- and m-calpain in regenerating fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Moraczewski ◽  
E Piekarska ◽  
M Zimowska ◽  
M Sobolewska
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Calpain Ii ◽  
Complete Regeneration

Calpains--non-lysosomal intracellular calcium-activated neutral proteinases, form a family consisting of several distinct members. Two of the isoenzymes: mu (calpain I) and m (calpain II) responded differently to the injury during complete regeneration of Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and partial regeneration of Soleus muscle. In the crushed EDL the level of m-calpain on the 3rd and 7th day of regeneration was higher than in non-operated muscles, whereas the activity of this calpain in injured Soleus decreased. The level of mu-calpain in EDL oscillated irregularly during regeneration whereas in Soleus of both injured and contralateral muscles its level rapidly rose. Our results support the hypothesis that m-calpain is involved in the process of fusion of myogenic cells whereas mu-calpain plays a significant but indirect role in muscle regeneration.

Differential effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition and exercise on albumin concentration in rat tissues

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristidis S. Veskoukis ◽  
Antonios Kyparos ◽  
Dimitrios Stagos ◽  
Dimitrios Kouretas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Almost All

Albumin is a protein present in almost all kinds of mammalian cells. It has binding sites for several molecules, and possesses antioxidant and other important properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 2 different oxidative stress stimuli — exercise and allopurinol administration — and their combination on albumin concentration in several rat tissues. Samples of soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and gastrocnemius muscles, and the liver and heart were collected before, immediately after, and 5 h after exercise, and collected at the respective time points after allopurinol administration. Albumin dimmers, markers of oxidative stress, were also assessed in EDL muscle. Albumin concentration increased in the skeletal muscles examined, whereas it decreased in the heart and remained unaffected in the liver after exercise. Allopurinol alone did not affect albumin concentration in any of the tissues. Albumin concentration increased in soleus and EDL muscles, decreased in gastrocnemius muscle and the liver, and remained unaffected in the heart after exercise and allopurinol combination. Albumin dimmers also increased postexercise in EDL muscle. Our findings suggest that the increase in albumin concentration in skeletal muscles may be an antioxidant mechanism response, but may depend on the type of oxidative stress and be stimulation- and tissue-specific.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity of Preterm Neonates Assessed by Hydrogen Donor Value

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Matyas ◽  
Monica G. Hasmasanu ◽  
Gabriela Zaharie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Hydrogen Donor ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Hydrogen Donors

Background and objectives: Premature newborns have a number of oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Antioxidant defense is deficient in premature newborns. Hydrogen donors can be used to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. By measuring hydrogen donors, a group of antioxidants can be assessed: tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. These represent the most relevant group of non-enzymatic antioxidants. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense capacity of premature newborns by measuring hydrogen donors. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity by hydrogen donor measurement in 24 premature newborns with various oxidative stress-inducing disorders and in 14 premature newborns without oxidative stress-inducing conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica program (v. 8, StatSoft, Round Rock, TX, USA). Differences between groups were tested with Wilcoxon matched test for quantitative paired data or Mann–Whitney test for quantitative independent data. The Z test for proportions was used to compare qualitative data among subgroups. Results: Hydrogen donors in the study group had a significantly lower value on the first day of life compared to the value of the control group. Also, the hydrogen donor value in the study group was significantly lower on the first day compared to the third day of life (p < 0.05). Neonates with mild respiratory distress (14 cases) had increased hydrogen donor values on their third day of life compared to the first day of life. Conclusions: The antioxidant capacity is influenced by oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Respiratory distress influenced the hydrogen donor value and antioxidant defense. Antioxidant defense gradually improves after birth according to gestational age.

Seasonal oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanfeng Jiang ◽  
Shupan Guo ◽  
Wei Xue ◽  
Huiping Wang ◽  
Nandu Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Oxygen Storage Capacity ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Slow Twitch Muscle ◽  
Edl Muscle

We investigated the mechanism of high oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus Brandt, 1843). Myoglobin (Mb) levels, as well as citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, were measured by spectrophotometry. Mb content in the soleus (SOL) muscle lasted from the beginning of hibernation to spring. Mb content in SOL was 87% higher in the hibernating group than in the summer group. Mb content in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle stayed at similar levels during the different periods of the year. Citrate synthase activity in SOL was 30% higher in the hibernating group than in the summer group. Meanwhile, citrate synthase activity in EDL did not change during hibernation. LDH activity in SOL was not different between the hibernating group and the summer active group, whereas LDH activity in EDL increased significantly (up to 11%) in the 2 days arousal after hibernation group compared with the hibernating group. We conclude that high oxidative capacity is provided by increased oxygen storage capacity of slow-twitch muscle fibers rather than from fast-twitch muscle fibers in hibernating animals.

2482-PUB: Circadian Clock Regulates Fuel Metabolism in Skeletal Muscles

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2482-PUB
Author(s):  
JIDONG LIU ◽  
ZHENG SUN
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fuel Metabolism

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

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