Motoneuron Responses to Visual Stimuli in Oncopeltus Fasciatus Dallas

1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. CHAPPLE
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation

1. Tonic discharges of homologous units in the left and right metathoracic leg nerves in response to increases and decreases in light intensity were observed. 2. Periodic variations in the frequencies of these units was shown to be related to leg movement and at a frequency appropriate for walking. 3. The intensity and duration of discharge of these units was related to the change in light intensity and the frequency of stimulation. 4. The unit of one side normally fired at a higher frequency than that of the other. 5. This was separate from the asymmetry produced by placing the animal in a rotating drum with a single 55° stripe. In this case, clockwise movement of the stripe produced a higher frequency discharge on the left side, while a counterclockwise movement reversed the frequency ratio. 6. Units in the connectives appeared to trigger this discharge.

Comparison of the efficiency of the indexes of Pont and Korkhause with Kernott technique in patients with narrowing of maxilla

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
O. I. Admakin ◽  
I. A. Solop ◽  
A. D. Oksentyuk
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Control Models ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

Relevance. The narrowing of the maxilla is one of the most common pathologies in orthodontics. Recent studies show that the narrowing is always asymmetric which is connected to the rotation of the maxilla. To choose the treatment correctly one need a calculation that reveals the asymmetry, which is impossible with using standard indexes.Purpose – to compare efficiency of indexes of Pont and Korkhause with the Kernott's method in patients with narrowing of the maxilla.Materials and methods. The study involved 35 children aged from 8 to 12 years old undergoing dental treatment in the University Children's Clinical Hospital of the First Moscow State Medical University with no comorbidities. For every patient a gypsum model was prepared and after that to carry out the biometrical calculation. In this study two indexes were used: Pont's index and Korkhause's; using this standard analysis the narrowing of the maxilla was revealed. After using Pont's Index and Korkhaus analysis all the models were calculated by the method of Kernott with Kernott's dynamic pentagon.Results. As a result of the analysis of the control diagnostic models a narrowing of the maxilla in 69% of cases (n = 24) was revealed in all cases, the deviation of the size of the dentition was asymmetric. Thus, 65% of the surveyed models showed a narrowing on the right. This narrowing was of a different severity and averaged 15 control models.Conclusions. This shows that for the biometrics of diagnostic models it is necessary to use methods that allow to estimate the width of the dentition rows on the left and on the right separately. To correct the asymmetric narrowing of the dentition, it is preferable to use non-classical expanding devices that act equally on the left and right sides separetly.

Is all knowledge prepositional?

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Miroslava Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infinite Regress ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

This paper deals with a criticism of Ryle's claim that the so called Intellectualist legend leads to an infinite regress. Critics have attempted to show that Ryle's argument cannot even get off the ground since its two basic premises cannot be true at the same time. In the paper I argue that this objection is based on a misinterpretation of Ryle's argumentation, which is complex and consists of two arguments, not of a single one as it is claimed. One of Ryle's argument attacks the thesis that an intelligent act is an indirect result of propositional knowledge, while the other, which I call the Asymmetry argument, claims that not every manifestation of knowledge that is accompanied with the manifestation of knowing how. In the paper I argue that both Ryle's arguments are valid and resistant to recent critique so it can be said that Ryle's distinction between knowledge that and knowing how is still an important distinction within contemporary epistemology.

scholarly journals PHOTOKINESIS AND TONIC EFFECT OF LIGHT IN UNIONICOLA

1932 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
Locomotor Muscles ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Changing Light ◽  
Effect Of Light

1. The speed of progression of Unionicola, a water mite, is influenced by light; and over a certain range increases as a function of the light intensity. 2. The relation between speed and light intensity is not a simple one, as the speed of progression is due to the combined effect of amplitude of steps and frequency of leg movement. 3. The amplitude of stride increases in direct proportion to the logarithm of the light intensity, while the frequency of stepping has no such simple relation to intensity. 4. The change in length of stride with changing light intensity indicates a tonic effect of light on the locomotor muscles. Such an effect has been observed previously in studies of orientation, due to unequal illumination, which produces changes in posture.

Semantic Priming Effect of Metaphor Constituent Terms

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Class Inclusion ◽  
Inclusion Model ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
The Asymmetry

Camac and Glucksberg reported there was no priming effect between constituent terms of a metaphor and argued that there was no prior similarity or association between the constituents. However, their study had several limitations. An important one was that they neglected the asymmetry of metaphor constituent terms. The purpose of this study is to replicate their experiment under the condition in which one of the constituents preceded the other. The experiment was conducted with Japanese participants using Japanese metaphoric sentences as stimuli. The results showed that the decision was facilitated if the vehicle served as prime and the topic served as target. In contrast, if the topic preceded the vehicle, no priming effect was found. These results are discussed in terms of the class inclusion model proposed earlier by Glucksberg and Keysar.

Handedness affects Emotional Valence Asymmetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. McFarland ◽  
Robert Kennison
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebral Processing

Music was played monaurally to 80 right-handed and 80 left-handed subjects. Right-handers reported more positive and less negative affect if the music was to the right ear. Left-handers reported experiencing more positive and less negative affect during music to the left ear. The hand × ear interaction was significant. The valence of emotional responses to the music seems influenced by a combination of at least two factors, (1) differences between left- and right-handers in the cerebral processing of emotional valence and (2) differences in the processing of emotional valence within each handedness group depending upon which hemisphere was initially most strongly engaged by the music. These results partially corroborate and extend the findings of previous studies in which briefer stimuli were presented tachistoscopically or dichotically. It is concluded that, while there is hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of emotional valence, the direction of the asymmetry may be associated with the handedness of the subjects.

Relative clauses in Agul from a corpus-based perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-158
Author(s):  
Timur Maisak
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Syntactic Restrictions ◽  
Locative Case

AbstractThis paper gives an account of participial clauses in Agul (Lezgic, Nakh-Daghestanian), based on a sample of 858 headed noun-modifying clauses taken from two text corpora, one spoken and one written. Noun-modifying clauses in Agul do not show syntactic restrictions on what can be relativized, and hence they instantiate the type known as GNMCCs, or general noun-modifying clause constructions. As the text counts show, intransitive verbs are more frequent than transitives and experiencer verbs in participial clauses, and among intransitive verbs, locative statives with the roots ‘be’ and ‘stay, remain’ account for half of all the uses. The asymmetry between the different relativization targets is also significant. Among the core arguments, the intransitive subject (S) is the most frequent target, patient (P) occupies second place, and agent (A) is comparatively rare. The preference of S and, in general, of S and P over A also holds true for most other Nakh-Daghestanian languages for which comparable counts are available. At the same time, Agul stands apart from the other languages by its high ratio of non-core relativization which accounts for 42% of all participial clauses. Addressee, arguments and adjuncts encoded with a locative case, as well as more general place and time relativizations show especially high frequency, outnumbering such arguments as experiencers, recipients, and predicative and adnominal possessors. Possible reasons for the high ratio of non-argument relativization are discussed in the paper.

Central Control of an Insect Segmental Reflex: I. Inhibition by Different Parts of the Central Nervous System

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-572
Author(s):  
C. H. FRASER ROWELL
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Prothoracic Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Different Parts

1. A reflex leg movement mediated by the prothoracic ganglion of Schistocerca is completely inhibited under most normal conditions but disinhibited if the ganglion is isolated from the C.N.S. 2. Progressive lesions to the C.N.S. give progressive disinhibition. The main inhibitory areas are the metathoracic, suboesophageal and mesothoracic ganglia. 3. The left and right sides of the thoracic ganglia are to some extent independent in both the transmission and reception of inhibitory signals. There is probably negative feedback between the reflex systems of the two sides of the prothoracic ganglion. 4. The inhibitory influence of a ganglion on the reflex appears to be proportional to its level of activity and to the amount of signal it is transmitting to the prothoracic ganglion. It is not constant, and is probably not mediated by a limited number of specific inhibitory tracts. 5. The general occurrence of similar mechanisms in animal nervous systems is suggested and discussed.

Rediagnosis of the squat lobster genus Gastroptychus Caullery, 1896, with a new genus Sternostylus and a new family Sternostylidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostyloidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4524 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEIJI BABA ◽  
SHANE T. AHYONG ◽  
KAREEN E. SCHNABEL
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Squat Lobster ◽  
Terminal Spine ◽  
New Family ◽  
Left And Right

The chirostyloidean squat lobster genus Gastroptychus Caullery, 1896 is revised and is split into two genera: Gastroptychus sensu stricto (type species, Ptychogaster spinifer A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) and Sternostylus new genus (type species, Ptychogaster formosus Filhol, 1884). Gastroptychus sensu stricto, is restricted to nine species with a sternal plastron, at sternite 3, abruptly demarcated from the preceding sternites (excavated sternum) by a distinct step forming a well-defined transverse or concave anterior margin at the articulation with maxillipeds 3, the maxillipeds 3 widely separated, with the distal parts accommodated in the excavated sternum between the left and right maxillipeds 3 when folded, and the P2–4 dactyli with the terminal spine demarcated by a suture. Sternostylus new genus, represented by 12 species, has the sternite 3 anteriorly bluntly produced medially and steeply sloping anterodorsally to the anterior sternite, with a pair of spines directly behind the anterior margin, the left and right maxillipeds 3 adjacent, and the P2–4 dactyli ending in an indistinctly demarcated corneous spine. The above-mentioned characters of Gastroptychus are consistent with Chirostylidae sensu stricto. Published molecular phylogenies indicate, however, that Sternostylus is the sister group to all the other Chirostylidae, and is designated the type genus of a new family, Sternostylidae. 

scholarly journals Comparison of histometric and morphometric analyses of bone height in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Issa Fernandes ◽  
Eduardo José Gaio ◽  
Rui Vicente Oppermann ◽  
Pantelis Varvaki Rados ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rosing
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Bone Height

The purpose of this study was to compare histologic and morphometric procedures of bone height measurement. Microscopic measurements are the most frequent methods in periodontal studies with animals, but have limited capacity to identify bone levels associated with both healthy tissues and periodontal disease. Ligatures were placed in the maxillary left second molars of 10 male 60-day-old Wistar rats for 30 days. Left and right maxillary sides of 5 rats were processed for histologic analysis (H), sectioned buccolingually, and stained with HE. The maxillae of the other 5 rats were defleshed and used for morphometric analysis (M). Histometric measurements from the cementoenamel junction to the bone crest were performed. Standardized photographs were used for morphometric analysis. The t test was used for dependent or independent samples (alpha = 0.05%). Distances from cementoenamel junction to bone crest were 0.95 ± 0.25 and 1.07 ± 0.30 mm for H and M, respectively. Buccal measurements were 0.92 ± 0.16 and 1.08 ± 0.35 mm for H and M. The values obtained using H and M for areas without ligatures were 0.44 ± 0.15 and 0.47 ± 0.11 mm for lingual measurements and 0.23 ± 0.08 and 0.41 ± 0.10 mm for buccal measurements. No significant differences were found between the two methods in the detection of bone height associated with the placement of ligatures in rats.

Semantic Congruency Improves Recognition Memory Performance for Both Audiovisual and Visual Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 763-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Heikkilä ◽  
Kimmo Alho ◽  
Kaisa Tiippana
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Semantic Congruency ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Per Se

Audiovisual semantic congruency during memory encoding has been shown to facilitate later recognition memory performance. However, it is still unclear whether this improvement is due to multisensory semantic congruency or just semantic congruencyper se. We investigated whether dual visual encoding facilitates recognition memory in the same way as audiovisual encoding. The participants memorized auditory or visual stimuli paired with a semantically congruent, incongruent or non-semantic stimulus in the same modality or in the other modality during encoding. Subsequent recognition memory performance was better when the stimulus was initially paired with a semantically congruent stimulus than when it was paired with a non-semantic stimulus. This congruency effect was observed with both audiovisual and dual visual stimuli. The present results indicate that not only multisensory but also unisensory semantically congruent stimuli can improve memory performance. Thus, the semantic congruency effect is not solely a multisensory phenomenon, as has been suggested previously.

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