Machine Tool Tests and Alignments

1938 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-119
Author(s):  
Georg Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
International Federation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Measuring Apparatus ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Milling Machines ◽  
Grinding Machines ◽  
Fine Boring ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Limits and tolerances are the basis of all machine manufacture. Fourteen European countries adopted the system known as the ISA (International Federation of National Standards Associations) in December 1936; the system covers all grades of finish from the finest roller bearings to rough agricultural machines. Certain fixed principles of measurement must be observed, both in the manufacture of new machines and in the repair of old ones; for instance, extremely fine boring and grinding machines and jig borers are now obtainable and can be used equally for the manufacture of a new motor car or for the overhauling of an old one. Before a satisfactory basis for the establishment of correct limits for the manufacture of, say, drilling machines, lathes, and milling machines, the deformations set up during the cutting operations must be known. These deformations must therefore be measured during actual cutting. The measuring apparatus as applied to lathes, drilling machines, and milling machines, though varying greatly in individual cases, can be adapted to this research, which furnishes information on the admissible variations in deformation—which is of use during inspection—and on the forces and bending and twisting moments—which is of use to the designer. These records furnish manufacturers with the information required for organizing the sequence of operations when building machines to work with any desired precision. The “balance sheets” of various machines, giving the relationships of the forces, speeds, feeds, section of chip, power required, and efficiency, are of great value both to manufacturer and user.

scholarly journals Modeling of Position-, Tool- and Workpiece-Dependent Milling Machine Dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brecher ◽  
Marcel Fey ◽  
Matthias Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Milling Tool ◽  
Milling Machines ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
Coupling Approach ◽  
Interpolation Strategy

AbstractDepending on the machine design, milling machines can show a significant variation of their dynamic properties with respect to the axes configurations, in particular at high speed spindle rotations and high feedrates. Moreover, the workpiece and the milling tool are critical parts of the machine tool and can have a major effect on the dynamic properties. Certain combinations of milling tool,workpiece, tool engagement, process parameters and axes configurations can come along with undesired forced or self-excited vibrations. So far, planning of milling processes usually does not account for these unwanted vibrations. The focus of this paper is to present a modeling framework, which accounts for the abovementioned influences via simulation. The dynamic properties of various workpieces and tools as well as the dynamic properties for many different axes configurations are stored in databases. Based on these databases, the dynamics of any given machine tool configuration can be simulated efficiently based on a substructure coupling approach and an interpolation strategy.

Study on Application of Grey System Theory in Fatigue Span Design of Machine Tool Axles

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 1156-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xu ◽  
Chun Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
System Theory ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Grey System Theory ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Discrete Function ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Relationship Of

The interdependent relationship of fatigue stress and span was regarded as a grey system using grey system theory and method. The stress level of fatigue test was uniformly divided into many grades and the whiting value of safe span was found out. A smooth discrete function was formed based on one accumulation of safe span value series. Therefore, the model of grey system was set up and the differential equation of grey system was solved. The accuracy of model was improved by revising the residual model. The safe span value at every stress level could be calculated using the reduction model of the grey system. It provided a new way for the safe span calculation of mechanical parts, which would be of great application value.

The Research of the Dynamic Characteristics of Horizontal Jig Boring Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 1391-1394
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
X. S. Zhao ◽  
D. W. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Structure Modification ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Set Up

Modal analysis is one way of studying the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical. In order to study the dynamic characteristics of machine tool,numerical machine model is set up with finite element analysis software,of which validity is verified by experimental modal analysis.The experimental test also provide the boundary conditions, so as to further structure modification and dynamic characteristic design

scholarly journals Methodology for generating stable concentrations of nano-objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Beata Kaczorowska
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measuring Apparatus ◽  
Aerosol Generator ◽  
High Temperature Furnace ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Exposure Evaluation ◽  
Reference Apparatus ◽  
Temperature Furnace

With an increasing number of companies using and producing nanomaterials, also the number of workers who are exposed to nano-objects is increasing. Nano-objects, because of their very small size, can very easily overcome the human systemic barrier and rapidly penetrate into the body, settling mainly in the lungs. It is important to establish standards for nanomaterials, because of the health and safety of workers who are exposed to nanomaterials in their workplace. During the exposure evaluation, it is important to determine the parameters of nano-objects in real-time and thus it is necessary to validate the measuring apparatus used during researches. The purpose of the project is to provide the possibility of obtaining stable concentrations of the nano-objects to validate the measuring apparatus for real-time testing of parameters of the nano-objects. The literature review [1-4] on methodology for generating nano-objects using techniques of nucleation and spark discharge was made. After analyzing different models, which were found in the literature [1-4], an experimental set-up was created. The experimental set-up is composed of: an aerosol generator, an aerosol neutralizer, a high-temperature furnace, a heat exchanger, a dilution system and a sampling chamber. Our set-up has many advantages: –– it can generate different types of nano-objects (carbon, cooper and silver nano-objects) with stable concentration; –– it can generate nano-objects with different concentration; –– it allows to take four samples at the same time and measure their parameters by using various measurement apparatus. Thanks to the built set-up, it will be possible to validate measuring apparatus for testing parameters of nano-objects in real-time using an ELPI+ (Dekati) as a reference apparatus.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
A. M. Kulish ◽  
Y. M. Ragulina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
International Federation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Internal Auditors

In this work, the authors have examined the concept of “standards” and “standardization” relating to public finance and public financial control. It was recognized that national financial systems activities should be based on generally accepted international standards in order to enhance professionalism and efficiency. Attention was paid to the peculiarities of national standards of the United States of America and European Union countries, in particular the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Lithuania, Georgia. As part of the analysis of the Association Agreement on Public Internal Financial Control, it was determined that cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community, and their Member States takes place through harmonization with the following international standards: the Institute of Internal Auditors (EA IIA), The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI). Much attention was paid to the concept of public internal financial control developed by the European Commission to provide a viable model capable of assisting national governments in revising internal controls in the field of finance and modernizing them in accordance with international standards and best practice in countries- members of the European Union. The scope of the aforementioned concept, its essence, its main elements, and features was determined. The standards of the international organization INTOSAI were analyzed, containing the guiding principles of the audit activity, the peculiarities of their implementation and direction; the activities of the International Professional Association of Internal Auditors EC IIA (European Confederation of Institutes of Internal Auditing); standards developed by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC); the activities of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission COSO. In addition, the article identified the essential elements of an efficient and effective internal financial control system. Keywords: standardization, state financial control, international standards.

scholarly journals After National Standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Martin Thrupp
Keyword(s):  
Early Response ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Work Programme ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Education Work

The Labour-led government elected in 2017 quickly decided to get rid of National Standards and set up a Curriculum, Progress, and Achievement Ministerial Advisory Group in 2018. That group reported in 2019 and a related Ministry of Education work programme has begun. This provocation from May 2020 provides some background to the MAG, considers its organisation and membership, and briefly mentions some features of the report and the early response of government. The use of data and the struggle for researchers to keep up with multiple reviews are also discussed.

scholarly journals Improved rack and pinion drive

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Set Up

A typical rack and pinion drive set is comprised of a rack and a pinion. There is an inter-tooth clearance between the mating teeth of the rack and the pinion, which has advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantage of this clearance is the errors that occur in the positioning of the machine tool during set-up. Elimination of clearance between teeth is possible by using a pinion drive with two pinions. This ensures continuous contact between the teeth, regardless of the direction of machine movement. These are found on new machines, while older machines do not have such a solution. This paper presents a solution with two pinions, which can be used in such older machines and which makes it possible to achieve qualitative parameters that were not possible before.

Design and Evaluation of a New-Type Multifunctional Machine Tool - Functional Requirements and Design -

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Sugimura ◽  
◽  
Shigeru Ueno ◽  
Nozomi Mishima ◽  
Soichi Hachiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Mechanical Products ◽  
New Type ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Basic Configuration

The objective of this research is to develop a new type of flexible and multifunctional machine tool which can be integrated into such manufacturing processes as machining, inspection and the heat treatment of mechanical products. The functional requirements of the multifunctional machine tools were initially analyzed based on a questionnaire given to both the users and the designers of machine tools. The basic configuration of the machine tool is proposed to conform to the functional requirements. The configuration designed has two main spindles, for both the tool and the work, one subspindle, and eight rotational and linear feed axes. All the machining processes of turning, milling, 5-axis machining of sculpted surfaces, grinding, slotting gear shaving and laser processing can be carried out using the proposed machine tool without the need for manual set-ups. A simulation model and a scale model are developed that simulate the manufacturing motion processes and the set-up processes of the machine tool.

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