First Paper: The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Ductility of Alloy Steel Wires in a Cold Heading Process

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Thomason
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Fracture Crack ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Process Annealing

Longitudinal grooves of various depths ranging from 0.001 in to 0.011 in were machined on the cylindrical surface of steel slugs prior to carrying out an automatic two-stage transfer heading operation. The longitudinal grooves were used to estimate the ‘critical groove depth’, which was defined as the depth of longitudinal groove that contained a ductile fracture crack just on the point of ‘opening out’ at the end of the heading process, thus giving a measure of the ductility of the wire. A half-replicate of a two-level factorial experiment was carried out to assess the effects and interactions of annealing temperature, annealing time, cooling rate and ageing temperature on the ductility of four different types of 1/2 in diameter cold heading steel wire. The results show that certain types of steel wires have optimum ductility in the ‘as-received’, cold-drawn, state. Other types of steel are shown to respond favourably to process annealing treatments, in which case annealing at 700°C for 1 hour followed by air cooling should give optimum ductility. It is shown that there is no general correlation between decreasing hardness and increasing ductility for steel wire.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Jong Nam ◽  
Hyung Rak Song ◽  
Kyung Tae Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
High Annealing Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
High Annealing

The effects of annealing temperature and annealing time on mechanical properties of cold drawn pearlitic steel wires containing 0.84wt% of silicon were investigated. Annealing treatment was performed on cold drawn steel wires for the temperature range of 200°C to 450°C with the different annealing time of 30sec, 1min, 15min and 1hr. The increase of tensile strength at the low annealing temperatures would be related with strain ageing behavior, while the decrease of tensile strength at the high annealing temperature is due to the spheroidization of cementite plates and the occurrence of recovery of the lamellar ferrite in the pearlite.

Effects of Processing Technic on Grain Size of Copper Clad Steel Wire

2012 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Mei Wu ◽  
De Qing Wang ◽  
Yang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Strip Shape ◽  
Clad Steel

The method adopted to manufacture copper clad steel wire in this study is cladding and welding and then drawing and annealing it. The effect of drawing deformation and annealing treatment on the grain size of α-Fe phase were studied. Experimental results show that the grain sizeα in cross section of α-Fe phase is decreased with the increase of the drawing deformation. Grains of the longitudinal section are elongated toward the drawing direction and appeared a strip shape. The grain size in cross-section of α-Fe phase is enhanced with the increase of the annealing time and annealing temperature, its length diameter ratio in longitudinal section is decreased oppositely. The grain size in cross section and length diameter ratio in longitudinal section are almost invariant in 850 °C for 2 h, the grain in longitudinal section tends to be equiaxial, the recrystallization processes is thus finished at this moment. Through the experimental data analysis, the regression equation about the relation of annealing temperature and annealing time of CCS with the grain size in cross section and length diameter ratio in longitudinal section are obtained.

Behavior of Hydrogen in Al-4%Mg Alloys during Heat Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Umeda ◽  
Goroh Itoh ◽  
Yoshinori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Annealing Atmosphere ◽  
Cast Slab ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Al Mg Alloys

The effect of the annealing atmosphere, the annealing temperature etc. on the hydrogen behavior in several Al-4% Mg alloys during heat treatment, was investigated. The results have shown that the hydrogen content in the as-cast slab is uniform, while the hydrogen content in the slab tends to be higher near the surface than in the interior after annealing. Such a tendency becomes more marked when annealing time is prolonged and Si and Fe content is lowered. The condensation of hydrogen near the surface can be seen only when it is annealed in a wet atmosphere. When annealed in a dry atmosphere, the hydrogen content near the surface becomes lower than in the center of the specimen. The hydrogen in Al-Mg alloys tends to be released to outside intrinsically at temperatures around 400°C and above. It is revealed that oxide film formed on the surface prevents the hydrogen from being released to outside.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Growth of BaSi2 Film on Si(111) Substrates

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1273-1276
Author(s):  
Zi Yi Yang ◽  
Zheng Tong Hao ◽  
Quan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Subsequent Annealing

Semiconducting orthorhombic BaSi2 films were synthesized on Si(111) substrates using magnetron sputtering (MS) and subsequent annealing by interdiffusion between the deposited Ba film and Si(111) substrate. The structural and morphological features of the result films are analysed. The growth mechanism and the evolution of the silicides are discussed. The effects of annealing temperature and annealing time on the growth of the BaSi2 film are studied.

Crystallization of YBa2Cu3O7-y films on SrTiO3(100) by postannealing of precursors prepared by dipping-pyrolysis process

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Manabe ◽  
W. Kondo ◽  
S. Mizuta ◽  
T. Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Ybco Films ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Temperature Side ◽  
Process Annealing

The effects of annealing temperature and oxygen partial pressure [p(O2)] were investigated on the crystallization and orientation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-y (YBCO) films on SrTiO3(100) prepared by the dipping-pyrolysis process. Annealing conditions for precursor films consisting of a Y2O3—BaCO3—CuO mixture were varied in the temperature range 700–850 °C and initial p(O2) range 2 × 10-4-10-2 atm followed by pure O2 treatment. Three different types of crystallization behavior were observed. The c-axis-oriented epitaxial YBCO films were obtained on the lower p(O2) and higher temperature side in the p(O2)-T diagram. The c/a-axis-oriented growth was observed in films heat-treated at 750–800 °C under p(O2) of 10-3 atm. In addition, mixtures of YBCO and YBa2Cu4O8 resulted when the films were annealed at 700 °C.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Annealing terhadap Sifat Keras dan Struktur Mikro Baja Tahan Karat AISI 410-3Mo-3Ni

Metalurgi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Vinda Puspasari ◽  
Mukhlis Agung Prasetyo ◽  
Januarius Velix Ta’an Halab ◽  
Moch. Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Efendi Mabruri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Carbide Phases ◽  
Annealing Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Heat

AISI 410-3Mo-3Ni stainless steel is a martensitic steel which limited in using when compared to austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. Martensitic steel has an essential role in specific components due to a combination of strength, toughness and excellent corrosion resistance. However, martensitic steel tends to undergo decreasing in mechanical properties and microstructure after the forging process. In this study, mechanical properties and microstructure of the forged AISI 410 after receiving annealing heat treatment will be studied. Annealing aims to reduce material hardness and increase grain refinement of material. Annealing heat treatment is carried out by varying the annealing temperature and time. Annealing temperature variations are 7000, 7600, and 8000C. The annealing time variation is 3 hours and 6 hours. The effect of annealing time and temperature will be studied on the hardness and microstructure of the AISI 410 modified material. The optimum hardness of 35.9 HRC in sample with annealing treatment in 760°C for 6 hours. The microstructure shows delta ferrite, martensite, austenite, and carbide phases which affect hardness value of annealed samples.   

Influence of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Modes on Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy VT22 Bars

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Yu.B. Egorova ◽  
L.V. Davydenko ◽  
A.V. Shmyrova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Alloy Vt22 ◽  
Titanium Alloy Vt22

The article provides the results of statistical research on the dependence of the mechanical properties of bars with a 14 mm diameter, made of the titanium alloy VT22, on the heat treatment modes and the chemical composition on the basis of the analysis of experimental, literature and manufacturing data. The authors study the correlation between mechanical properties and the content of alloying elements, admixtures, heat treatment modes. The research finds out regression dependences to evaluate the average values of the mechanical properties of the bars 14х14 mm of the alloy VT22 on the annealing temperature (within an hour, furnace cooling up to 4000С, and further air cooling) and the equivalents of alloying elements and admixtures on aluminium and molybdenum.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment of Cold Formed Springs Made from Oil Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel Wire

2017 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Veronika Geinitz ◽  
Ulf Kletzin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Heat Treatment Technology ◽  
Compression Springs

The heat treatment after cold forming is used to decrease the residual stresses of springs, but the mechanical characteristics of the spring steel wires alters, too. This presentation describes the influence of the heat treatment technology (oven equipment, temperature, duration,…) to the properties and quality of helical compression springs made from oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire.

Hydrogen diffusion kinetics under different conditions applied to VT6 alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
E. I. Maslikova ◽  
V. D. Andreeva ◽  
E. L. Alekseeva ◽  
Yu. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Diffusion Kinetics ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Hydride Formation ◽  
Different Types

Research of hydrogen diffusion in VT6 alloy is carried out considering different types of heat treating and hydrogen charging. The influence of microalloying on the susceptibility to hydride formation and embrittlement of titanium alloys is analyzed, and also effects of an oxide film on hydrogen charging during heat treatment without protective atmosphere, are studied.

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