scholarly journals ROLE OF WATER IN ALUMINA-ASSISTED SOLID–LIQUID INTERFACIAL REACTION

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ando ◽  
Takehiko Kawate ◽  
Junko Yamawaki ◽  
Terukiyo Hanafusa
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Soil Chemical Pollution and Aggressive Pathologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2278-2282
Author(s):  
Stelian Ioan Morariu ◽  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Alina Costina Luca ◽  
Florina Popescu ◽  
Liliana Pavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Physician ◽  
Solid Liquid

Maintaining the soil in optimal parameters is vital for mankind, given its essential role in providing the alimentary base, as well as its extremely slow formation and regeneration (hundreds or thousands of years). The direct and indirect pollution of the soil and especially its chemical pollution represent a corollary of other types of pollution, given that it is produced by solid, liquid and gaseous residues. It may be involved in a wide range of diseases (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, renal, haematological, osteoarticular, neurological) of allergic, infectious, degenerative or neoplastic nature, from infancy to the old age. Although there are natural causes of soil pollution (e.g. volcanic eruptions), most pollutants come from human activities, which are the most incriminated in its pollution, degradation and erosion at an accelerated pace. The growing concern of all nations for the adoption of measures to limit the chemical pollution of the soil is partially found so far in viable and effective solutions intended to combat soil contamination and degradation and ensure its restoration. Chemical industrialization leads to technical and scientific progress, but at the same time it can develop related pathologies, which means that the role of the occupational health physician is essential in ensuring prophylaxis and the early detection of occupational diseases. Besides that, the role of the pediatrician is equally precious for the detection of specific diseases caused by chemical pollutants to children, because they will develop into adults with pathological stigma.The chemical pollution of the soil is a major challenge for ecologists, given that it is an important risk factor for many types of afflictions. It requires maximum attention from civil society, health care professionals and government institutions. The specialist in occupational medicine, as well as the pediatrician bear an essential responsibility in both, prevention and treatment.

The role of (bio)surfactant sorption in promoting the bioavailability of nutrients localized at the solid-water interface

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan N. Jordan ◽  
Eric P. Nichols ◽  
Alfred B. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Surfactant Sorption

Bioavailability is herein defined as the accessibility of a substrate by a microorganism. Further, bioavailability is governed by (1) the substrate concentration that the cell membrane “sees,” (i.e., the “directly bioavailable” pool) as well as (2) the rate of mass transfer from potentially bioavailable (e.g., nonaqueous) phases to the directly bioavailable (e.g., aqueous) phase. Mechanisms by which sorbed (bio)surfactants influence these two processes are discussed. We propose the hypothesis that the sorption of (bio)surfactants at the solid-liquid interface is partially responsible for the increased bioavailability of surface-bound nutrients, and offer this as a basis for suggesting the development of engineered in-situ bioremediation technologies that take advantage of low (bio)surfactant concentrations. In addition, other industrial systems where bioavailability phenomena should be considered are addressed.

scholarly journals Rheological Characterization of a Concentrated Phosphate Slurry

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Souhail Maazioui ◽  
Abderrahim Maazouz ◽  
Fayssal Benkhaldoun ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Khalid Lamnawar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Insoluble Particles ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Solid Liquid

Phosphate ore slurry is a suspension of insoluble particles of phosphate rock, the primary raw material for fertilizer and phosphoric acid, in a continuous phase of water. This suspension has a non-Newtonian flow behavior and exhibits yield stress as the shear rate tends toward zero. The suspended particles in the present study were assumed to be noncolloidal. Various grades and phosphate ore concentrations were chosen for this rheological investigation. We created some experimental protocols to determine the main characteristics of these complex fluids and established relevant rheological models with a view to simulate the numerical flow in a cylindrical pipeline. Rheograms of these slurries were obtained using a rotational rheometer and were accurately modeled with commonly used yield-pseudoplastic models. The results show that the concentration of solids in a solid–liquid mixture could be increased while maintaining a desired apparent viscosity. Finally, the design equations for the laminar pipe flow of yield pseudoplastics were investigated to highlight the role of rheological studies in this context.

Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.

Role of the solid/liquid interface faceting in rapid penetration of a liquid phase along grain boundaries

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chatain ◽  
E. Rabkin ◽  
J. Derenne ◽  
J. Bernardini
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Formation Process of A15 type Nb3Al Phase by the Solid/Liquid Interfacial Reaction (II)

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hasegawa ◽  
Tetsumori Shinoda ◽  
Yoshihiro Oya-Seimiya
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Functionalized Silicon Electrodes Toward Electrostatic Catalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Yang ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
JianMing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
External Electric Fields ◽  
Space Charges ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Static Electric Fields ◽  
Mediator Catalysis

Oriented external electric fields are now emerging as “smart effectors” of chemical changes. The key challenges in experimentally studying electrostatic catalysis are (i) controlling the orientation of fields along the reaction axis and (ii) finely adjusting the magnitudes of electrostatic stimuli. Surface models provide a versatile platform for addressing the direction of electric fields with respect to reactants and balancing the trade-off between the solubility of charged species and the intensity of electric fields. In this mini-review, we present the recent advances that have been investigated of the electrostatic effect on the chemical reaction on the monolayer-functionalized silicon surfaces. We mainly focus on elucidating the mediator/catalysis role of static electric fields induced from either solid/liquid electric double layers at electrode/electrolyte interfaces or space charges in the semiconductors, indicating the electrostatic aspects is of great significance in the semiconductor electrochemistry, redox electroactivity, and chemical bonding. Herein, the functionalization of silicon surfaces allows scientists to explore electrostatic catalysis from nanoscale to mesoscale; most importantly, it provides glimpses of the wide-ranging potentials of oriented electric fields for switching on/off the macroscale synthetic organic electrochemistry and living radical polymerization.

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