Studies on Crude Drugs originated from Gentianaceous Plants. III. The Bitter Principle of the Chinese Crude Drug Qinjiao and Its Content

The root of Rotula aquatica is also called as pashanbed, belonging to the family Borogenaceae. It is widely distributed in India from kumaun to Assam and western to southern India.The medicinal values of plant lie in their component phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and other nutrients like as amino acid, proteins, which produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The proximate values such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value, were carried out. The dried roots powder was subjected to successive extraction with different solvents like petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and water. Macroscopic as well as microscopic studies of any crude drug are the primary steps to establish its botanical quality control before going to other studies. Hence Standardization of crude drug plays a very important role in identifying the purity and quality of crude drugs. The present investigation reveals Standardization which include Moisture Content, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Water soluble ash, Water soluble Extractive value, Alcohol soluble Extractive value, Phytochemical screening, and further isolation and identification of Phytoconstituents.

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On the Botanical Origin of Crude Drugs, with Special Reference to Plant Parts for Medicinal Use and Scientific Names for Original Crude Drug Plants

Kampo Medicine ◽

10.3937/kampomed.64.67 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 67-77

Author(s):

Susumu TERABAYASHI

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Crude Drug ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

Original Crude

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Histological Study on Crude, Drugs Pai-wei, Pai-chein and Indigenous Species of Cynanchum in Taiwan

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x95000365 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 23 (03n04) ◽

pp. 305-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chun-Ching Lin ◽

Ming-Hong Yen ◽

Yueh-Wern Wu ◽

Guo-Jun Xu

Keyword(s):

Histological Study ◽

Indigenous Species ◽

Histological Studies ◽

Crude Drug ◽

Crude Drugs

The botanical origins of Cynanchum species (Cynanchum spp.) on the Taiwan market have been established by histological studies in the present paper. The results showed that the Chinese crude drug Pai-wei on the Taiwan market was derived from the dried roots of Cynanchum atratum Bunge; that of Pai-chein was derived from the dried roots of C. stauntonii (Decne.) Hand.-Mazz.; and the Wan-ling-shu used locally in Taiwan was derived from the dried roots of C. taiwanianum Yamazaki.

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Authentication of Shan-Dou-Gen Based on DNA Analysis

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19858540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1985854

Author(s):

Masashi Kitamura ◽

Naoki Muramatsu ◽

Ryuichiro Suzuki ◽

Yoshiaki Shirataki

Keyword(s):

Dna Analysis ◽

Genetic Approach ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Crude Drug ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

Sophora Tonkinensis ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Species Specific

Shan-Dou-Gen (山豆根) is a crude drug mainly derived from the roots of Leguminosae plants, and it has antipyretic, antidotal, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. In Japan, the root of Euchresta japonica has been used as a material of Shan-Dou-Gen. However, E. japonica is not used for medicinal purposes today, and commercial Shan-Dou-Gen products are imported from China. In China, several plant species have been used as Shan-Dou-Gen materials, but a crude drug derived from the root of Sophora tonkinensis is now officially used as Shan-Dou-Gen. However, it is difficult to morphologically identify the species used in Shan-Dou-Gen. In the present study, we showed that the Shan-Dou-Gen products commercially available in Japan are derived from S. tonkinensis using phylogenetic and sequencing analyses of the chloroplast trnH–psbA region. Furthermore, we performed species-specific polymerase chain reaction using conserved sequences of S. tonkinensis. Amplification was observed with Shan-Dou-Gen, whereas no amplification occurred with other crude drugs derived from the roots of S. flavescens and S. japonica. These results indicated that the genetic approach can be useful to authenticate Shan-Dou-Gen.

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Studies on Crude Drugs originated from Gentianaceous Plants. I. Determination of Gentiopicroside, the Bitter Principle of Gentianae Radix and Gentianae Scabrae Radix

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI ◽

10.1248/yakushi1947.96.3_356 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 356-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

TERUAKI HAYASHI

Keyword(s):

Bitter Principle ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

Gentianae Radix

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Variations in the Antioxidant Profile of Aegle marmoles with Drying and Solvent of Extraction

International Journal of Review in Life Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrls.v9i3.1347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Madhava Reddy Ch ◽

Ganesh Kumar Y ◽

Pranitha D ◽

Phaneendra Pavan D

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

International Markets ◽

Crude Drug ◽

Significant Step ◽

Massive Scale ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

Post Harvesting ◽

Determining Factor

There are various processes in the crude drug processing which affects the quality of the drug in many ways. The quality of the crude drug is the determining factor that is responsible for the imports and exports of the drug to international markets. Drying is a significant step in those post-harvesting stages of the crude drug. This alone determines the microorganism contamination in the drug. Other post-harvesting methods that affect the final extract of the crude drug is the selection f solvent for extraction. The solvent selection is to be based on the parameters like the partition coefficient, the solubility of the chemical constituents. Aegle marmoles is well known for its antioxidant activity and other potential activities, and the exports of the drug were in more massive scale. To ensure the quality of the drug, the post-harvest technology of the drug was essential to determine the quality of the crude drugs. The leaves were dried in different methods and extracted with different solvents, and the investigations were done for the antioxidant activity. The results showed that the extract of the shade dried drug and the methanol solvent extracted drug showed a better phenol content and also better antioxidant activity.

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