Keynote-Cross Talk Between Physical Activity and Appetite Control

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
R. James Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Appetite Control

scholarly journals Interactions between metabolic, reward and cognitive processes in appetite control: Implications for novel weight management therapies

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1460-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Higgs ◽  
Maartje S Spetter ◽  
Jason M Thomas ◽  
Pia Rotshtein ◽  
Michelle Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Memory And Attention

Traditional models of appetite control have emphasised the role of parallel homeostatic and hedonic systems, but more recently the distinction between independent homeostatic and hedonic systems has been abandoned in favour of a framework that emphasises the cross talk between the neurochemical substrates of the two systems. In addition, evidence has emerged more recently, that higher level cognitive functions such as learning, memory and attention play an important role in everyday appetite control and that homeostatic signals also play a role in cognition. Here, we review this evidence and present a comprehensive model of the control of appetite that integrates cognitive, homeostatic and reward mechanisms. We discuss the implications of this model for understanding the factors that may contribute to disordered patterns of eating and suggest opportunities for developing more effective treatment approaches for eating disorders and weight management.

scholarly journals The Effects of Exercise on Appetite in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hubner ◽  
Julie Blaskewicz Boron ◽  
Karsten Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Appetite Control

Background: The effect of physical activity and exercise on hunger and satiety has been well-studied in younger adults, but the influence of aging is less understood. While some evidence suggests that acute bouts of exercise induce a compensatory eating drive, long-term activity may improve satiety sensitivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on appetite in older adults.Methods: We systematically reviewed available literature investigating the effect of exercise on appetite in older adults adults (CRD42020208953). PubMed, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, the Sports Medicine & Education Index, and Web of Science, were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English with no date restriction. Included studies implemented a primary exercise or physical activity intervention with a control group, on a generally healthy population ≥60 years of age. Selected studies included at least one appetite outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the 11-point Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool. Standardized mean difference summary statistics (Hedge's g effect sizes) and 95% confidence intervals were reported.Results: We identified 15 reports (13 studies) which met all inclusion criteria (5 resistance training, 3 aerobic, 6 mixed modalities). Studies included 443 participants (Age = 68.9 ± 5.2, 82.3% female) and had generally “good” bias scores (PEDro = 6.4 ± 0.88). Random effects meta-analyses revealed that the exercising group showed statistically significant reductions in glucose [SMD = −0.34 (95% CI: −0.67, −0.02), p < 0.05, PEDro =6.4 ± 0.45] and leptin [SMD = −0.92 (95% CI: −1.28, −0.57), p < 0.00001, PEDro = 6.2 ± 0.75].Discussion: This systematic review revealed that exercise and physical activity may modulate resting hunger and satiety in older adults. Decreases in fasting leptin and glucose hormones suggest that exercise promotes satiety sensitivity in adults aged 60+. This review highlights that engaging in exercise and activity programs may provide a meaningful avenue for improving chronic and functional disease burden in later life by promoting appetite control and balanced energy intake. Recommendations for future research include investigations of appetite in response to varied exercise modalities within more diverse and representative samples of older adults.

scholarly journals The influence of physical activity on appetite control: an experimental system to understand the relationship between exercise-induced energy expenditure and energy intake

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Erik Naslund ◽  
Neil King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
The Impact

Investigations of the impact of physical activity on appetite control have the potential to throw light on the understanding of energy balance and therefore, upon body weight regulation and the development of obesity. Given the complexity of the landscape influencing weight regulation, research strategies should reflect this complexity. We have developed a research approach based on the concept of the psychobiological system (multi-level measurement and analysis) and an experimental platform that respects the operations of an adaptive regulating biological system. It is important that both sides of the energy balance equation (activity and diet) receive similar detailed levels of analysis. The experimental platform uses realistic and fully supervised levels of physical activity, medium-term (not acute) interventions, measurement of body composition, energy metabolism (indirect calorimetry), satiety physiology (gut peptides), homeostatic and hedonic processes of appetite control, non-exercise activity, obese adult participants and both genders. This research approach has shown that the impact of physical activity on appetite control is characterised by large individual differences. Changes in body composition, waist circumference and health benefits are more meaningful than changes in weight. Further, we are realising that the acute effects do not predict what will happen in the longer term. The psychobiological systems approach offers a strategy for simultaneously investigating biological and behavioural processes relevant to understanding obese people and how obesity can be managed. This experimental platform provides opportunities for industry to examine the impact of foods under scientifically controlled conditions relevant to the real world.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Plays an Important Role in Body Weight Regulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Lars Klingenberg ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Jo-Anne Gilbert ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Maintain Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Legislative Measures

Emerging literature highlights the need to incorporate physical activity into every strategy intended to prevent weight gain as well as to maintain weight loss over time. Furthermore, physical activity should be part of any plan to lose weight. The stimulus of exercise provides valuable metabolic adaptations that improve energy and macronutrient balance regulation. A tight coupling between energy intake and energy expenditure has been documented at high levels of physical exercise, suggesting that exercise may improve appetite control. The regular practice of physical activity has also been reported to reduce the risk of stress-induced weight gain. A more personalized approach is recommended when planning exercise programs in a clinical weight loss setting in order to limit the compensatory changes associated to exercise-induced weight loss. With modern environment promoting overeating and sedentary behavior, there is an urgent need for a concerted action including legislative measures to promote healthy active living in order to curb the current epidemic of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Beaulieu ◽  
Pauline Oustric ◽  
Graham Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Training Studies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review This review brings together current evidence from observational, acute, and chronic exercise training studies to inform public debate on the impact of physical activity and exercise on food reward. Recent Findings Low levels of physical activity are associated with higher liking and wanting for high-energy food. Acute bouts of exercise tend to reduce behavioral indices of reward for high-energy food in inactive individuals. A dissociation in liking (increase) and wanting (decrease) may occur during chronic exercise training associated with loss of body fat. Habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower liking and wanting for high-fat food, and higher liking for low-fat food. Summary Food reward does not counteract the benefit of increasing physical activity levels for obesity management. Exercise training appears to be accompanied by positive changes in food preferences in line with an overall improvement in appetite control.

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