Aerobic Exercise And Insulin Sensitivity In Postmenopausal Women: Is Body Composition Implicated?

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 727-728
Author(s):  
Eric Cormier ◽  
Mathieu Maltais ◽  
Isabelle Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women

scholarly journals Insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: independent and combined associations with hormone replacement, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition

Diabetes Care ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1731-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Brown ◽  
M. T. Korytkowski ◽  
J. M. Zmuda ◽  
S. D. McCole ◽  
G. E. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness

scholarly journals Effect of conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene on glucose, energy and lipid metabolism in obese postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-452
Author(s):  
Kara L Marlatt ◽  
Dragana Lovre ◽  
Robbie A Beyl ◽  
Chandra R Tate ◽  
Evelyn K Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Long Chain

Objective: Combining conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) is a novel, orally administered menopausal therapy. We investigated the effect of CE/BZA on insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and serum metabolome in postmenopausal women with obesity. Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot trial with washout was conducted at Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Eight postmenopausal women (age 50–60 years, BMI 30–40 kg/m2) were randomized to 8 weeks CE/BZA or placebo. Primary outcome was insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Secondary outcomes included body composition (DXA); resting metabolic rate (RMR); substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry); ectopic lipids (1H-MRS); fat cell size, adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression (biopsies); serum inflammatory markers; and serum metabolome (LC/MS). Results: CE/BZA treatment produced no detectable effect on insulin sensitivity, body composition, ectopic fat, fat cell size, or substrate oxidation, but resulted in a non-significant increase in RMR (basal: P = 0.06; high-dose clamp: P = 0.08) compared to placebo. CE/BZA increased serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. CE/BZA also increased serum diacylglycerol (DAG) and triacylglycerol (TAG) species containing long-chain saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and decreased long-chain acylcarnitines, possibly reflecting increased hepatic de novo FA synthesis and esterification into TAGs for export into very low-density lipoproteins, as well as decreased FA oxidation, respectively (P < 0.05). CE/BZA increased serum phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, ceramides, and sphingomyelins, possibly reflecting the increase in serum lipoproteins (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A short treatment of obese postmenopausal women with CE/BZA does not alter insulin action or ectopic fat but increases serum markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and TAG production.

Effect of acute exercise on postprandial endothelial function in postmenopausal women: a randomized cross-over study

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Shah ◽  
Sarah Bailey ◽  
Adam Gloeckner ◽  
Andreas Kreutzer ◽  
Beverley Adams-Huet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Time Interaction

High-sugar intake may cause endothelial dysfunction. It is unknown if a bout of aerobic exercise improves endothelial dysfunction caused by a high-sugar meal in postmenopausal women. This study evaluated if prior aerobic exercise attenuates postprandial endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Twenty-two postmenopausal women (age [mean±SD]: 60.4±6.5 years; % body fat: 40.3%±7.5%) underwent an exercise (EX) or no exercise (NE) condition, in a random order, 13–16 hours prior to the high-sugar meal consumption. The EX condition included a 60 min bout of supervised aerobic exercise at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. The high-sugar meal, consumed after a 12-hour fast, contained 33% of the subjects’ daily energy needs, and 75.6% energy from carbohydrates. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed at baseline and 60 min, 120 min, and 180 min postprandially. Repeated measures analysis test showed that there were no condition by time interaction or condition effects for FMD, glucose, insulin, or NO. There was a significant condition by time interaction but no condition effect for ET-1. Area under the curve was also not different by condition for insulin sensitivity or the above variables. In conclusion, prior aerobic exercise compared with NE did not affect FMD, blood glucose, insulin, ET-1 or NO concentrations, or insulin sensitivity following a high-sugar meal in postmenopausal women. Future studies should look at the effect of different EX intensities on meal-induced endothelial dysfunction in this population.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02919488

Body composition and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Nataliia Dzerovych ◽  
Roksolana Povoroznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Sex differences in leptin and cardiometabolic profile after exercise intervention in physically inactive adults with primary hypertension and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SMM Maldonado-Martin ◽  
PC Corres ◽  
AMAB Martinezaguirre-Betolaza ◽  
BJI Jurio-Iriarte ◽  
MTE Tous-Espelosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Inactive

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of the Basque Country OnBehalf GIKAFIT PURPOSES. To analyse the change on leptin, body composition, blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and some biochemical parameters in physically inactive women and men with primary hypertension (HTN) and obesity, and to evaluate the potential sex differences in the change after intervention. METHODS. Participants (n = 37 women, n= 40 men, 52.9 ± 6.9 yrs) from the EXERDIET-HTA study were randomized into attention control group (physical activity recommendations) or one of three supervised aerobic exercise groups [two days/week: high-volume (HV) with 45 min of moderate-intensity continuous training, HV and high-intensity interval training (HV-HIIT), and low volume-HIIT (LV-HIIT, 20 min)]. All participants received the same hypocaloric diet. All variables were assessed pre and post intervention (16 weeks). 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring was used to analyze systolic and diastolic BP. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). RESULTS. Following the intervention, there were increments (P &lt; 0.01) in CRF by VO2peak (Women, W = 21.1 ± 3.7 vs. 24.6 ± 4.4 mL·kg-1·min-1, Men, M = 26.3 ± 6.0 vs. 33.1 ± 10.2 mL·kg-1·min-1) and decreases (P &lt; 0.05) in leptin (W = 49.5 ± 23.0 vs. 41.8 ± 19.9 ng/mL, M = 20.5 ± 14.8 vs. 12.9 ± 18.6 ng/mL), body mass (W = 84.7 ± 12.1 vs. 80.3 ± 11.5 kg, M = 97.9 ± 14.4 vs. 91.5 ± 13.3 kg), waist perimeter (W = 97.3 ± 10.7 vs. 94.3 ± 10.9 cm, M = 107.9 ± 8.7 vs. 101.5 ± 7.9 cm), fat mass (W = 42.3 ± 5.1 vs. 38.6 ± 8.4 %, M = 31.2 ± 5.0 vs. 28.0 ± 4.4 %), systolic BP (M = 136.5 ± 12.1 vs. 129.3 ± 12.5 mmHg), diastolic BP (W = 76.2 ± 8.9 vs. 74.1 ± 8.7 mmHg, M = 79.3 ± 7.2 vs. 75.0 ± 8.2 mmHg), total cholesterol (M = 216.1 ± 44.5 vs. 196.1 ± 35.0 mg/dL), insulin (W = 13.4 ± 7.9 vs. 9.4 ± 4.2 mU/L) values. There were significant between-sex differences in body mass (W=-5.2%, M=-6.5%, effect size, ES = 0.073), waist circumference (W=-3.1%, M=-5.9%, ES = 0.114), and VO2peak (W = 14.2%, M = 20.5%, ES = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS. Aerobic exercise along with hypocaloric diet is an effective non-pharmacological tool to induce beneficial changes in women and men in BP and leptin as a mediator of obesity-induced HTN, and other regulatory mechanisms such as body composition, CRF and biochemical profile. The found sex-related differences could confirm the need of individual non-pharmacological strategies.

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