scholarly journals Beyond GDP? Welfare across Countries and Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 2426-2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Jones ◽  
Peter J. Klenow
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Summary Statistic ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Beyond Gdp ◽  
Economic Well Being

We propose a summary statistic for the economic well-being of people in a country. Our measure incorporates consumption, leisure, mortality, and inequality, first for a narrow set of countries using detailed micro data, and then more broadly using multi-country datasets. While welfare is highly correlated with GDP per capita, deviations are often large. Western Europe looks considerably closer to the United States, emerging Asia has not caught up as much, and many developing countries are further behind. Each component we introduce plays a significant role in accounting for these differences, with mortality being most important. (JEL D63, E21, E23, E24, I12, O57)

An index of sustainable economic welfare for Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anca Butnariu ◽  
Florin Alexandru Luca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Economic Well Being

This paper has the objective to develop an Index of Sustainable Welfare for Romania from 1990 to 2017, in order to more clearly establish the status of the Romanian economy in terms of economic welfare. The results show that whilst gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased significantly, the ISEW per capita grew at a much slower pace. The value of household labour contributes strongly to the growth of welfare, but income distribution, costs of climate change, cost of road accidents and cost of air pollution limit an improvement of population economic well-being. Our new valuation approach confirms the general conclusion of most authors on economic development that, during last decades, welfare has shown little improvement in spite of a growing GDP. Our conclusion is that the ISEW provides a useful alternative to indicators such as GDP despite subjected to its limitations and criticism. Keywords: Economic welfare, GDP, ISEW.

scholarly journals Economic Well-being and British Regions: The Problem with GDP Per Capita

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harvie ◽  
Gary Slater ◽  
Bruce Philp ◽  
Dan Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Well Being

scholarly journals GDP and Economic Well-being: New Evidence from Selected Developed Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jafari Samimi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Economic Well Being

GDP per capita often used in judgment about countries economic well-being, but any judgment based on it ignores some issues, therefore argues that a better index of economic well-being is IEWB (Index of Economic Well-being). Stevenson and Wolfers (2008), and Osberg and Sharpe (2001), mentioned that there is a positive relationship between GDP per capita and IEWB .in this paper we study a causal relationship between them; to this purpose we use the data of selected high income countries during 1980-2007.Finding shows that GDP is granger causal of IEWB except Norway that there aren’t any causal relationship between GDP and IEWB.

scholarly journals Does The Mix Of A State‟s Tax Portfolio Matter? An Empirical Analysis Of United States Tax Portfolios And The Relationship To Levels And Growth In Real Per Capita Gross State Product 

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Howard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
State Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Gross State Product ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

An important part of the economic environment for any business is the tax climate. At the federal level, arguments are often made for abandoning the income tax in favor of a national sales tax or other type of tax. At the state level, the United States has a laboratory of sorts for examining the economic impact of various types of taxes. The states exhibit a wide degree of variation in the kinds and mix of taxes upon which they rely to raise revenue. This provides an opportunity for comparing economic well-being with the mix of taxes for the various states. This paper presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between the relative economic well-being of a state and its relative portfolio of taxation. Data on the kinds and relative mix of taxes for the 50 United States for the years 1993-1999 are summarized. While the direction of causation is still an issue, the results of the study show that statistically significant relationships do exist between a state’s tax portfolio and its level and growth of real per capita gross state product. Hopefully this study will add to our understanding of the impact of taxation on the economic climate for business.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

scholarly journals Non-Price Criteria for the Evaluation of the Tender Offers in Public Procurement of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Alexander Baranovsky ◽  
Nataliia Tkachenko ◽  
Vladimer Glonti ◽  
Valentyna Levchenko ◽  
Kateryna Bogatyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tender Offers ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Traditionally, public procurement has been associated with the measurement of achieving savings. However, recent research shows that the economic impact of public procurement is not limited only to savings, but by measuring the impact of four capitals—natural, human, social, and economic—on sustainable well-being over time. Ukraine is a country with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which exacerbates the problem of the impact of public procurement results on the population’s welfare. Ukrainian public procurement legislation allows customers to apply non-price criteria (the share of non-price criteria cannot be more than 70%), which, together, are taken into account in the formula of the quoted price. The studies show that the effect of the use of non-price criteria depends on the relevance of the method of the evaluation of non-price criteria. The most important non-price criteria for Ukrainian customers by product categories and the methods of their evaluation are analyzed according to the Bi.prozorro.org analytics module. Therefore, it is concluded that the quoted price method, which is used in Ukrainian practice, is not relevant in comparison with the method used in the EU. A survey of the government buyers on the practice of applying non-price criteria was conducted, and the areas of their use were identified.

To Provide or Protect? Masculinity, Economic Precarity, and Protective Gun Ownership in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142199840
Author(s):  
Tara D. Warner ◽  
Tara Leigh Tober ◽  
Tristan Bridges ◽  
David F. Warner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Masculinity Threat ◽  
Economic Well Being

Protection is now the modal motivation for gun ownership, and men continue to outnumber women among gun owners. While research has linked economic precarity (e.g., insecurity and anxiety) to gun ownership and attitudes, separating economic well-being from constructions of masculinity is challenging. In response to blocked economic opportunities, some gun owners prioritize armed protection, symbolically replacing the masculine role of “provider” with one associated with “protection.” Thus, understanding both persistently high rates of gun ownership in the United States (in spite of generally declining crime) alongside the gender gap in gun ownership requires deeper investigations into the meaning of guns in the United States and the role of guns in conceptualizations of American masculinity. We use recently collected crowdsourced survey data to test this provider-to-protector shift, exploring how economic precarity may operate as a cultural-level masculinity threat for some, and may intersect with marital/family status to shape gun attitudes and behaviors for both gun owners and nonowners. Results show that investments in stereotypical masculine ideals, rather than economic precarity, are linked to support for discourses associated with protective gun ownership and empowerment.

scholarly journals Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Junhao Zhong ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Credit Cycle ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.

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