scholarly journals Do Women Give Up Competing More Easily? Evidence from the Lab and the Dutch Math Olympiad

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Buser ◽  
Huaiping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
One Year

We use lab experiments and field data from the Dutch Math Olympiad to show that women are more likely than men to stop competing if they lose. In a math competition in the lab, women are much less likely than men to choose competition again after losing in the first round. In the Math Olympiad, girls, but not boys, who fail to make the second round are less likely to compete again one year later. This gender difference in the reaction to competition outcomes may help to explain why fewer women make it to the top in business and academia. (JEL C90, D82, D91, J16)

Gender difference in vulnerability and geriatric syndromes among elderly cancer survivors.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9091-9091
Author(s):  
Lin Fan ◽  
Katia Noyes ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Kevin Fiscella ◽  
Supriya Gupta Mohile
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Male Survivors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nutrition Problem

9091 Background: Few studies have evaluated the gender difference of vulnerability and geriatric syndromes (GS) among cancer survivors. Methods: Using 2003 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, we applied multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association of gender with vulnerability and GS among cancer survivors. Vulnerability is measured by Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), which is calculated from age, self-rated health status, difficulty with physical activities and functional activities. Vulnerability is defined by a VES-13 score of 3 or higher. 8 common geriatric syndromes were assessed: sight trouble, hearing trouble, nutrition problem, incontinence, falls, depression, memory loss and osteoporosis. Cancer survivors are defined as patients with cancer diagnosed more than one year ago. Results: Among the 1,883 cancer survivors, 749 (40.0%) were male; 1,134 (60.0%) were female. Female survivors had a higher prevalence of vulnerability (47.8% vs 35.7%), and GS (65.5% vs 44.6%) than male survivors. Mean GS number was 1.19 for female survivors, while 0.77 for male survivors (p<0.001). More specifically, female survivors had significantly higher prevalence of sight trouble (7.73% vs 5.0%), incontinence (14.3% vs 7.1%), falls (28.9% vs 22.1%), depression (13.8% vs 7.7%) and osteoporosis (38.2% vs 6.7%). After adjusting for confounders, female survivors were more likely to be vulnerable (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.62; CI: 1.21-2.17; p=0.001); have a geriatric syndrome (AOR: 2.39; CI: 1.91-3.00; p<0.001); have sight trouble (AOR: 1.70; CI: 1.00-2.87; p=0.049); have incontinence (AOR: 2.48; CI: 1.67-3.69; p<0.001); have depression (AOR: 1.87; CI: 1.29-2.71; p<0.001); and have osteoporosis (AOR: 8.48; CI: 6.07-11.84; p<0.001). Conclusions: Female cancer survivors experience a higher prevalence of vulnerability and overall geriatric syndromes.

scholarly journals Tritrophic analysis of the coffee (Coffea arabica) - coffee berry borer [Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)] - parasitoid system

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Gutierrez ◽  
Amador Villacorta ◽  
Jose R. Cure ◽  
C. Ken Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
New Findings ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sound Foundation

An age-mass structured multi-year tritrophic simulation model of the coffee (Coffea arabica var. mundo novo) - coffee berry borer [Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)], borer - three parasitoid system was developed. Three years of extensive plant drymatter data and one year of field data on borer dynamics were collected at Londrina, PR, Brazil. The allometric relationships and parameter for plant drymatter allocation were estimated from the field data, but the parameters for borer and its three parasitoids were summarized from the literature. Initial levels of soil factors (e.g., nitrogen and water) and observed weather data were used to drive the model. The model is largely independent of the field data, yet it simulated the dynamics of plant branching, fruiting and drymatter growth of plant subunits. Simulation results suggest that of the three parasitoids commonly introduced to control the borer, only the eulophid adult endo-parasitoid (Phymastichus coffea La Salle) has the demographic characteristics to potentially regulate borer populations. The effects of harvesting, cleanup of abscised berries, inundative releases of parasitoids and pesticides with various toxicity and persistence characteristics on borer dynamics were evaluated. The model is very flexible, and may provide a sound foundation for incorporating new findings, new varieties, and the biology of new natural enemies worldwide

scholarly journals Activist Choice Homophily and the Crowdfunding of Female Founders

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Greenberg ◽  
Ethan Mollick
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Identity Based

In this paper, we examine when members of underrepresented groups choose to support each other, using the context of the funding of female founders via donation-based crowdfunding. Building on theories of choice homophily, we develop the concept of activist choice homophily, in which the basis of attraction between two individuals is not merely similarity between them, but rather perceptions of shared structural barriers stemming from a common social identity based on group membership. We differentiate activist choice homophily from homophily based on the similarity between individuals (“interpersonal choice homophily”), as well as from “induced homophily,” which reflects the likelihood that those in a particular social category will affiliate and form networks. Using lab experiments and field data, we show that activist choice homophily provides an explanation for why women are more likely to succeed at crowdfunding than men and why women are most successful in industries in which they are least represented.

Influence of previous crop type on yield of spring wheat: Analysis of commercial field data

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bourgeois ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
One Year

Although rotational benefits of non-cereal crops have been observed in small plot research trials few quantitative data are available on a field scale. In this study, field data of farmers from the Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation were analysed to compare yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following different crops. The yield of wheat following wheat was used as a basis of comparison among crop sequences. The yield data were collected between 1982 and 1993 from fields 64 ha in size, located throughout the province of Manitoba. During this period, the yield of wheat following flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.), on average was 16%, 11%, and 8% higher, respectively, than wheat following wheat. In one year, the yield of wheat was increased by as much as 41% following a field pea crop. Key words: Crop rotation, barley, canola, flax, field pea, wheat

scholarly journals DEL AF FAMILIEN: Penge og gavegivning i danske udvekslingsfamilier

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Priskorn
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Exchange Students ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Host Families ◽  
Financial Aspect ◽  
The Ideal

This article deals with the financial aspect of kinship and is based on field data collected in Denmark among ‘exchange families’ consisting of Danish host families and foreign exchange students living with the families for up to one year. The theoretical background of the article is the ideal separation between money and family in Western society depicted by the anthropologists Maurice Bloch, David Schneider and James Carrier. The ethnographic material in the article is represented primarily by an extended case, and shows clearly that the separation is ideal, and that family life and finances are inseparable entities. The article analyses one reason why the exchange families are faced with financial challenges: Exchange organizations expect host parents to treat the exchange student as they treat their own child, and Westerners generally expect parents to treat their children in the same way. The article demonstrates that factors such as money and gifts affect the continuous creation of social relatedness in the “exchange families”. However, host parents’ intention of financially treating the exchange student like one of their children is doomed from the very start, since the financial conditions of the exchange student and the host siblings differ fundamentally. This difference challenges both the notion of sibling equality and the ideal relationship between parents as givers and children as receivers.  

Container- and nursery-grown black oak seedlings inoculated with Pisolithustinctorius: growth and ectomycorrhizal development following outplanting on an Ozark clear-cut

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Dixon ◽  
H. E. Garrett ◽  
G. S. Cox ◽  
P. S. Johnson ◽  
I. L. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Site Field ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

Containerized and bare-rooted black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) seedlings were inoculated with vegetative mycelial inoculum of Pisolithustinctorius and were grown in a greenhouse and a southern Missouri nursery, respectively. Following outplanting on a typical Missouri Ozark reforestation site, field data revealed that Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae increased survival and growth of the container-grown seedlings. Container-grown seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus exhibited significantly greater shoot and root growth than noninoculated control seedlings or inoculated bare-rooted seedlings. A complimentary relationship between root initiation, leaf area development, and shoot growth suggests a better growth potential of Pisolithus-inoculated container-grown seedlings than of noninoculated container-grown or inoculated or noninoculated bare-rooted seedlings. One year after outplanting, data revealed that Pisolithus is declining on the inoculated containerized and bare-rooted seedlings, but greater amounts of Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae are persisting on the container-grown plants.

Between ‘Savage Man’ and ‘Most Faithful Englishman’ Manteo and the Early Anglo-Indian Exchange, 1584–1590

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leroy Oberg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anglo Indian

In August of 1587 Manteo, an Indian from Croatoan Island, joined a group of English settlers in an attack on the native village of Dasemunkepeuc, located on the coast of present-day North Carolina. These colonists, amongst whom Manteo lived, had landed on Roanoke Island less than a month before, dumped there by a pilot more interested in hunting Spanish prize ships than in carrying colonists to their intended place of settlement along the Chesapeake Bay. The colonists had hoped to re-establish peaceful relations with area natives, and for that reason they relied upon Manteo to act as an interpreter, broker, and intercultural diplomat. The legacy of Anglo-Indian bitterness remaining from Ralph Lane's military settlement, however, which had hastily abandoned the island one year before, was too great for Manteo to overcome. The settlers found themselves that summer in the midst of hostile Indians.

Some Biological Applications of High Voltage Electron Microscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

The High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin has been in operation a little over one year. I would like to give a progress report about our experience with this new technique. The achievement of good resolution with thick specimens has been mainly exploited so far. A cold stage which will allow us to look at frozen specimens and a hydration stage are now being installed in our microscope. This will soon make it possible to study undehydrated specimens, a particularly exciting application of the high voltage microscope.Some of the problems studied at the Madison facility are: Structure of kinetoplast and flagella in trypanosomes (J. Paulin, U. of Georgia); growth cones of nerve fibers (R. Hannah, U. of Georgia Medical School); spiny dendrites in cerebellum of mouse (Scott and Guillery, Anatomy, U. of Wis.); spindle of baker's yeast (Joan Peterson, Madison) spindle of Haemanthus (A. Bajer, U. of Oregon, Eugene) chromosome structure (Hans Ris, U. of Wisconsin, Madison). Dr. Paulin and Dr. Hanna are reporting their work separately at this meeting and I shall therefore not discuss it here.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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