Climate Change and Agriculture: Subsistence Farmers’ Response to Extreme Heat

This paper examines how subsistence farmers respond to extreme heat. Using microdata from Peruvian households, we find that high temperatures reduce agricultural productivity, increase area planted, and change crop mix. These findings are consistent with farmers using input adjustments as a short-term mechanism to attenuate the effect of extreme heat on output. This response seems to complement other coping strategies, such as selling livestock, but exacerbates the drop in yields, a standard measure of agricultural productivity. Using our estimates, we show that accounting for land adjustments is important to quantify damages associated with climate change. (JEL O12, O13, Q11, Q12, Q15, Q54)

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SHORT TERM EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURES ON MORTALITY IN MEDITERRANEAN CITIES: RESULTS FROM THE EU-FUNDED CIRCE PROJECT (CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACT RESEARCH: THE MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT)

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2011.01413 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michela Leone ◽

Daniela D’Ippoliti ◽

Claudia Marino ◽

Francesca de’Donato ◽

Antonis Analitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Term Effect ◽

Mediterranean Environment ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Effect ◽

Impact Research ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Project Climate Change ◽

The Eu

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Effects of Multi-Scale Climate Change on The Distribution of Invasive Insect Populations and The Development of Ecological Services: A Case Study of Zeugodacus Cucurbitae (Coquillett)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-845374/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuyang Lian ◽

Aqiang Wang ◽

Bei Zeng ◽

Heming Yang ◽

Jinlei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

High Temperature ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Small Scale ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Short Term ◽

Multi Scale

Abstract In order to clarify the effects of multi-scale climate change on the population distribution and ecological service function of Z.cucurbitae, this paper analyzed its suitable distribution area Z.cucurbitae in a wide scale using the MaxEnt ecological model. Z.cucurbitae were exposed under short-term high temperatures of 33°C, 37°C, 41°C and 45°C for 1h, which were set based on recorded high temperatures in the field. The effects of these temperatures on development and reproduction of Z.cucurbitae in successive three generations were evaluated. The results showed that under current climatic conditions, the suitable regions of Z.cucurbitae included most of South America, southeast North America, sub-Saharan Africa, part of Oceania and southern coastal areas of Asia. Under two carbon emissions scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), the suitable area of Z.cucurbitae will expand compared to that under current environment and this expansion will generally be northwards. Short-term high temperature was not conducive to the development and reproduction of Z.cucurbitae. The F1 Z.cucurbitae exposed under 45°C for 1h stimulated its oviposition, and the offspring can still continue the population. When the offspring were continuously exposed to short-term high temperature until the F3, they could not oviposit. In the context of climate change, both large-scale and small-scale changes will affect the distribution and population breeding of Z.cucurbitae, which will lead to local sudden outbreak or migration disaster. Therefore, a broad-scale distribution analysis of all populations as a whole will result in a narrow ecological niche and may fail to predict the effects of some local small-scale habitat changes.

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The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity in Asian Countries: a heterogeneous panel data approach

10.21203/rs.3.rs-264686/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dicle Ozdemir

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Productivity ◽

Short Term ◽

Global Food Security ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Carbon Fertilization ◽

The Impact ◽

Heterogeneous Panel

Abstract While climate change is having serious impacts on agriculture and may require ongoing adaptation, short-term threats to global food security are also crucial for developing countries. This study aims to investigate how the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity vary depending upon the short-run and long-run in Asia over the period of 1980–2016. The results confirmed that there is a long-term relationship between agricultural productivity and climate change variables; however, only CO2 emissions could be linked to agricultural productivity in the short-term. Moreover, while the direction of this effect is positive for the short term, it turns into negative in the long term confirming that carbon fertilization in the atmosphere can to some extent have a positive effect on agricultural productivity.

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The legacy of climate change effects: previous drought increases short-term litter decomposition rates in a temperate mixed grass- and shrubland

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-016-2913-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 408 (1-2) ◽

pp. 183-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Merian Skouw Haugwitz ◽

Anders Michelsen ◽

Anders Priemé

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Litter Decomposition ◽

Decomposition Rates ◽

Short Term ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Mixed Grass

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Staying Home, Staying Alive: Campus Food Pantry Student Clients’ Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Applied Social Science ◽

10.1177/19367244211035671 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193672442110356

Author(s):

Elmira Jangjou

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Postsecondary Students ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Short Term ◽

Income Loss ◽

Food Pantry ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Seeking Help

In response to students’ food insecurity, a number of colleges and universities have taken action and established campus food pantries as part of their intervention plans. However, many of these pantries ceased operation due to COVID-19 campus shutdowns. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the short-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on postsecondary students, who use a university-provided food pantry. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with 12 participants, the thematic analysis explored the initial coping strategies these students used to endure the pandemic. Findings revealed that many students experienced the immediate effects of the pandemic in the form of income loss, self-isolation, anxiety, and appetite change. Although the pandemic interrupted these students’ journeys to continue their studies and become independent in various ways, the affected students implemented various coping strategies, including seeking help from family or friends, using available resources, cooking at home, and even trying to save money. However, considering that the targeted population in this study was already at risk because of their basic needs insecurity, these postsecondary students require extra attention from their higher education institutions in the case of emergencies, such as a global pandemic. In addition to its timely and relevant findings, this study provides important avenues for future research and intervention efforts.

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Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Yuan Gong ◽

Christina L. Staudhammer ◽

Susanne Wiesner ◽

Gregory Starr ◽

Yinlong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Water ◽

Prescribed Fire ◽

Water Availability ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soil Water Availability ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Short Term ◽

Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

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The Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on the Community Dynamics in a Mountain Subtropical Forest

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 427

Author(s):

Tianyang Zhou ◽

Jiaxin Zhang ◽

Yunzhi Qin ◽

Mingxi Jiang ◽

Xiujuan Qiao

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Forest Dynamics ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Subtropical Forest ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Short Term ◽

Forest Ecosystem Services ◽

Number Of Individuals

From supporting wood production to mitigating climate change, forest ecosystem services are crucial to the well-being of humans. Understanding the mechanisms that drive forest dynamics can help us infer how to maintain forest ecosystem services and how to improve predictions of forest dynamics under climate change. Despite the growing number of studies exploring above ground biomass (AGB) dynamics, questions of dynamics in biodiversity and in number of individuals still remain unclear. Here, we first explored the patterns of community dynamics in different aspects (i.e., AGB, density and biodiversity) based on short-term (five years) data from a 25-ha permanent plot in a subtropical forest in central China. Second, we examined the relationships between community dynamics and biodiversity and functional traits. Third, we identified the key factors affecting different aspects of community dynamics and quantified their relative contributions. We found that in the short term (five years), net above ground biomass change (ΔAGB) and biodiversity increased, while the number of individuals decreased. Resource-conservation traits enhanced the ΔAGB and reduced the loss in individuals, while the resource-acquisition traits had the opposite effect. Furthermore, the community structure contributed the most to ΔAGB; topographic variables and soil nutrients contributed the most to the number of individuals; demographic process contributed the most to biodiversity. Our results indicate that biotic factors mostly affected the community dynamics of ΔAGB and biodiversity, while the number of individuals was mainly shaped by abiotic factors. Our work highlighted that the factors influencing different aspects of community dynamics vary. Therefore, forest management practices should be formulated according to a specific protective purpose.

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