scholarly journals No Child Left Behind: Subsidized Child Care and Children's Long-Run Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarjei Havnes ◽  
Magne Mogstad
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
The Impact

Many developed countries are currently considering a move toward subsidized, widely accessible child care or preschool. However, studies on how large-scale provision of child care affects child development are scarce, and focused on short-run outcomes. We analyze a large-scale expansion of subsidized child care in Norway, addressing the impact on children's long-run outcomes. Our precise and robust difference-in-differences estimates show that subsidized child care had strong positive effects on children's educational attainment and labor market participation, and also reduced welfare dependency. Subsample analyses indicate that girls and children with low-educated mothers benefit the most from child care. (JEL J13, J16)

scholarly journals International trade in services and inequalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Petit
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the international openness in tourism services trade on wage inequality between highly skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers in the tourism industry. The sample covers 10 developed countries and expands over 15 years. A cointegrated panel data model and an error correction model were used to distinguish between the short- and long-run effects. The results are compared to those of openness of business services and manufactured goods. The findings point out that tourism increases wage inequality at the expense of the least skilled workers in the long run and the short run.

scholarly journals Milk Production Response in Pakistan

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Mohammad Pervez Wasim
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Short Run ◽  
High Level

In third world countries, where the level of mechanization in agriculture is low, livestock rearing is mainly for draught purpose. On the other hand, the use of animals for draught purpose is low in developed countries owing to the high level of farm mechanization and the animals are mainly reared for the consumption of meat and milk. Milk production in Pakistan is an important enterprise for over five million households owning buffaloes and cattle. Supply response of livestock has been undertaken mostly in developed countries. In developing countries livestock farming is not done on a large scale basis. This study is an attempt to obtain the best estimates of the response of milk producers while making a decision about production allocation of milk in Pakistan. The main objectives of the study are: (1) to test whether Pakistani milk producers respond to price movements (2) to estimate the elasticities of production with respect to milk producers: (a) relative price (b) credit and lagged production (c) to make a comparison of short-run and long-run price elasticities with that of developed and underdeveloped countries (d) to identify policy measures. The study is based on secondary data at the Pakistan level and covers a period of 31 years, starting from 1971-72 to 2002-03. Marc Nerlove’s (1958) partial adjustment lagged model is used for the study. The result of the analysis reveals that in the process of making the production decisions for milk production, all the variables (relative price, credit availability and lagged milk production) are equally important.

scholarly journals Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth among ECOWAS Countries: 1975-2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor U. Ijirshar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the impact of trade openness on economic growth among ECOWAS countries uses secondary data from 1975 to 2017. The study uses non-stationary heterogeneous dynamic panel models through the application of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG) estimators since time dimension was more than cross-sections. Using the Hausman test, PMG estimator was preferred. Results show that trade openness has positive effects on growth in ECOWAS countries in the long-run but mixed effects in the short-run. The study therefore recommends that ECOWAS member countries improve cooperation among economic actors by using export consortia so as to help SMEs in the region access international markets and to pursue a twin strategy of trade and competitiveness.

scholarly journals The Impact of E-Commerce on International Trade: Case of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 21190-21209
Author(s):  
Ameer Mahdi Nassrullah Mzwri ◽  
Zelha Altinkaya
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Corporate Profits ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of electronic commerce on international trade with the case studying of Turkey. E-commerce offers economy-wide benefits to all countries. The benefits are probably to be concentrated in developed countries in the short run, but developing countries will have more to benefit in the long run. Applying electronic commerce in both own and foreign country will affect corporate profits badly in the beginning, but after a certain step of progress, it will promote the rapid growth of corporate profits. The theories covered in this paper are simply those theories which have helped business, governments, and economics to better understand international trade and also to better understand how to manage, regulate, and promote international trade. The capacity of international trade will rise via e-commerce. New opportunities for international trade have created throughout internet. The way of communicating or doing business and trade between companies and individuals has changed as the geographical distance decreased between buyers and sellers.

scholarly journals The Effects of Micro-entrepreneurship Programs on Labor Market Performance: Experimental Evidence from Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Martínez A. ◽  
Esteban Puentes ◽  
Jaime Ruiz-Tagle
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Business Training ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Asset Transfer ◽  
The Impact

We investigate the impact of a program providing asset transfers and business training to low income individuals in Chile, and asked whether a larger asset transfer would magnify the program's impact. We randomly assigned participation in a large scale, publicly run micro-entrepreneurship program and evaluated its effects over 45 months. The program improved business practices, employment, and labor income. In the short run, self-employment increased by 14.8/25.2 percentage points for a small/large asset transfer. In the long run, individuals assigned to a smaller transfer were 9 percentage points more likely to become wage workers, whereas those assigned to larger transfers tended to remain self-employed. (JEL J16, J23, L25, L26, L53, O14, R23)

scholarly journals Targeted Debt Relief and the Origins of Financial Distress: Experimental Evidence from Distressed Credit Card Borrowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-1018
Author(s):  
Will Dobbie ◽  
Jae Song
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Widespread View

We study the drivers of financial distress using a large-scale field experiment that offered randomly selected borrowers a combination of (i) immediate payment reductions to target short-run liquidity write-downs to target long-run debt constraints. We identify the separate effects of the payment reductions and interest write-downs using both the experiment and cross-sectional variation in treatment intensity. We find that the interest write-downs significantly improved both financial and labor market outcomes, despite not taking effect for three to five years. In sharp contrast, there were no positive effects of the more immediate payment reductions. These results run counter to the widespread view that financial distress is largely the result of short-run constraints. (JEL G56, K35)

Impact of exchange rate and oil price on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk: Evidence from Malaysian capital market

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Huda Arshad ◽  
Ruhaini Muda ◽  
Ismah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Sovereign Bond ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the impact of exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk for Malaysian capital market. This study aims to ascertain the effect of weakening Malaysian Ringgit and declining of crude oil price on the fixed income investors in the emerging capital market. This study utilises daily time series data of Malaysian exchange rate, oil price and the yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk from year 2006 until 2015. The findings show that the weakening of exchange rate and oil prices contribute different impacts in the short and long run. In the short run, the exchange rate and oil prices does not have a direct relation with the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. However, in the long run, the result reveals that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. It is evident that only a unidirectional causality relation is present between exchange rate and oil price towards selected yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk. This study provides numerical and empirical insights on issues relating to capital market that supports public authorities and private institutions on their decision and policymaking process.

An Econometric Analysis on the Relationship between Globalisation and Inequality in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Jacques de Jongh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Globalisation has had an unprecedented impact on the development and well-being of societies across the globe. Whilst the process has been lauded for bringing about greater trade specialisation and factor mobility many have also come to raise concerns on its impact in the distribution of resources. For South Africa in particular this has been somewhat of a contentious issue given the country's controversial past and idiosyncratic socio-economic structure. Since 1994 though, considerable progress towards its global integration has been made, however this has largely coincided with the establishment of, arguably, the highest levels of income inequality the world has ever seen. This all has raised several questions as to whether a more financially open and technologically integrated economy has induced greater within-country inequality (WCI). This study therefore has the objective to analyse the impact of the various dimensions of globalisation (economic, social and political) on inequality in South Africa. Secondary annual time series from 1990 to 2018 were used sourced from the World Bank Development indicators database, KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the World Inequality database. By using different measures of inequality (Palma ratios and distribution figures), the study employed two ARDL models to test the long-run relationships with the purpose to ensure the robustness of the results. Likewise, two error correction models (ECM) were used to analyse the short-run dynamics between the variables. As a means of identifying the casual effects between the variables, a Toda-Yamamoto granger causality analysis was utilised. Keywords: ARDL, Inequality, Economic Globalisation; Social Globalisation; South Africa

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document