The Effects of Regulation in the Presence of Multiple Unpriced Externalities: Evidence from the Transportation Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bento ◽  
Daniel Kaffine ◽  
Kevin Roth ◽  
Matthew Zaragoza-Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Congestion Costs ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides Reduction ◽  
Hov Lanes

In transportation systems with unpriced congestion, allowing single-occupant low-emission vehicles in high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to encourage their adoption exacerbates congestion costs for carpoolers. The resulting welfare effects of the policy are negative, with environmental benefits overwhelmingly dominated by the increased congestion costs. Exploiting the introduction of the Clean Air Vehicle Stickers policy in California with a regression discontinuity design, our results imply a best-case cost of $124 per ton of reductions in greenhouse gases, $606,000 per ton of nitrogen oxides reduction, and $505,000 per ton of hydrocarbon reduction, exceeding those of other options readily available to policymakers. (JEL D62, L51, L62, Q51, Q54, R41, R48)

A Comprehensive Study on Intelligent Transportation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ankur Mishra ◽  
Aayushi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Transportation Sector

Transportation or transport sector is a legal source to take or carry things from one place to another. With the passage of time, transportation faces many issues like high accidents rate, traffic congestion, traffic & carbon emissions air pollution, etc. In some cases, transportation sector faced alleviating the brutality of crash related injuries in accident. Due to such complexity, researchers integrate virtual technologies with transportation which known as Intelligent Transport System. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) provide transport solutions by utilizing state-of-the-art information and telecommunications technologies. It is an integrated system of people, roads and vehicles, designed to significantly contribute to improve road safety, efficiency and comfort, as well as environmental conservation through realization of smoother traffic by relieving traffic congestion. This paper aims to elucidate various aspects of ITS - it's need, the various user applications, technologies utilized and concludes by emphasizing the case study of IBM ITS.

scholarly journals Transportation and Air Quality. Perspectives and Projections in a Mediterranean Country. The Case of Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios C. Spyropoulos ◽  
Panagiotis T. Nastos ◽  
Konstantinos P. Moustris ◽  
Konstantinos J. Chalvatzis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Simple Exponential Smoothing ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Exponential Smoothing Technique ◽  
Of Greece

This study provides a thorough review and analysis of the evolution of the Greek vehicle fleet over the last ~30 years, which is next used for the generation of high granularity fleet projections and for the estimation of relevant environmental benefits by 2030. The integrated methodology developed takes also into account vehicle clustering and the Brown’s Double Simple Exponential Smoothing technique that together with the adoption of COPERT based emission factors allow for the estimation of the anticipated emissions in 2030. Expected 2030 emissions levels suggest a reduction across all pollutants in comparison to 2018, ranging from 3.7% for PM10 to 54.5% for NMVOC (and 46% for CO, 14% for SO2, 28% for NOX and 21% for CO2). We find that Greece is on track with national goals concerning the reduction of air pollution from the transportation sector, stressing the positive contribution of EVs and new, "greener" vehicles, and setting new challenges for the further improvement of the sector beyond the 2030 outlook.

scholarly journals Dynamic Simulation of the FT8-2™ Gas Turbine

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Clean Air

With the approach of the 1990 Clean Air Act compliance limits, the race is on to produce a functional, low-emission gas turbine. While most prototype Dry Low NOx (DLN) gas turbines are based on existing designs, the leap in technology required to meet NOx abatement levels is significant. To meet these goals, significant testing is required before low-emission turbines are ready for commercial production. This paper describes the test procedure that was used to verify control system and modulating valve technology for Turbo Power & Marine’s FT8-2™ Dry Low NOx prototype turbine. In particular, dynamic turbine simulation before the actual engine test will be discussed. The method and benefits of this test procedure will be presented.

scholarly journals Determination of Operational Efficiency in Urban Public Transport Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Ahmet Atalay
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Transportation Systems

The increasing number of urban centers and the increasing number of vehicles caused by industrialization caused problems such as lack of infrastructure in traffic, environmental pollution and an increase in energy requirements. This situation led the city administrators to search for solutions in order to improve the efficiency of public transportation systems and increase their efficiency. In this study, it is aimed to determine the functional efficiency of the bus lines used in urban public transportation. For this purpose, the lines are classified according to their functional activities by using the functional data of the lines. Both classical cluster analysis and self-organizing mapping (SOM) method were used for classification. Data from Erzurum main public transport lines were used to implement the methods. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the two methods achieved similar results. As a result, it has been determined that classification of public transportation lines used in cities according to their functional efficiency will be beneficial for decision makers to make correct planning. With the right planning in public transport lines, significant economic and environmental benefits will be obtained.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Governmental Policy and Programs to Stimulate the Use of Low-Emission and Electric Vehicles: The Case of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ioana C. Sechel ◽  
Florin Mariasiu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Low Emission

The contemporary demands for massive reductions in industrial pollution caused by the transport sector, especially in large urban agglomerations, compel local and national authorities to propose, develop, and implement programs and policies that have the ultimate goal of significantly reducing (or eliminating) pollution. The aim of this article is to provide a primary analysis of the effectiveness of Romanian government policies in terms of reducing pollution (CO2 emissions) caused by transportation (due to the “Rabla Plus” (RP) program, through which financial subsidies are granted for the purchase of a new plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) or battery electric vehicle (BEVs)). After analyzing the justification for the use of low-emission and electric vehicles in traffic (as a major solution to eliminate pollution), a comparative analysis of energy-efficient transport for Romania and Europe is presented in order to identify the directions in which it is necessary to develop and implement government policies specifically in Romania, considering a series of indicators chosen and considered by the authors to be important, including CO2 emissions compared with the size of the road infrastructure, the number of registered vehicles, the number of passengers transported, and the quantity of goods transported. With the identification of the ability of government programs to encourage the acquisition and use of low-emission and electric vehicles in traffic, the efficiency achieved is calculated in terms of the net CO2 emissions eliminated (average values of 1949.23 CO2 tons/year and 1.71 CO2 tons/vehicle). Furthermore, this aspect is also beneficial for analyses in terms of the economic costs involved (the associated costs are estimated to be 7034.17 EUR/ton of CO2 eliminated from the transportation sector), identifying new directions of action that are more cost-effective and sustainable and on which government policies should focus in the future.

Current Status of R&D Activities on Low Emission Gland Packings in Japan

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Clean Air Act Amendment

Attention has been paid on emission from valves in piping system to meet the regulations such as TA-LUFT in Europe and Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 in USA. In this presentation, discussions are made on R&D activities in Japanese industries regarding low emission gland packings. New structure and material used in those applications are shown. A test method for gland packings in Japan is also shown.

scholarly journals Sustainable Commuting: Results from a Social Approach and International Evidence on Carpooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9587
Author(s):  
José Alberto Molina ◽  
J. Ignacio Giménez-Nadal ◽  
Jorge Velilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Hov Lanes

Sustainable commuting (SC) usually refers to environmentally friendly travel modes, such as public transport (bus, tram, subway, light rail), walking, cycling, and carpooling. The double aim of the paper is to summarize relevant prior results in commuting from a social approach, and to provide new, international empirical evidence on carpooling as a specific mode of sustainable commuting. The literature shows that certain socio-demographic characteristics clearly affect the use of non-motorized alternatives, and compared to driving, well-being is greater for those using active travel or public transport. Additionally, this paper analyzes the behavior of carpooling for commuting, using ordinary least squares (OLS) models, which have been estimated from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) for the following countries: Bulgaria, Canada, Spain, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results indicate that carpooling for commuting is not habitual for workers, as less than 25% of the total time from/to work by car is done with others on board. With respect to the role of the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, our evidence indicates that age, gender, education, being native, and household composition may have a cross-country, consistent relationship with carpooling participation. Given that socializing is the main reason for carpooling, in the current COVID-19 pandemic, carpooling may be decreasing and, consequently, initiatives have been launched to show that carpooling is a necessary way to avoid crowded modes of transport. Thus, the development of high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lanes by local authorities can increase carpooling, and draw attention to the economic and environmental benefits of carpooling for potential users.

Industrial Ecology in Historical Perspective

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Simple Product ◽  
Ultimate Fate

Industry consumes natural resources and makes wastes as it manufactures and delivers products to consumers. Subsequent use of a product— its eventual discard, recycling, or storage in a waste depository—puts additional demands on the environment. Decisions made by many different individuals direct the progress of a product through manufacture, use, and disposal. In the past, each decision maker along this chain responded to concerns that encompassed only a fraction of the product’s progression from raw materials to ultimate fate. No one had much reason to enlarge these decision horizons as long as natural resources remained abundant, and the industrial impact on the environment was small compared with natural processes of environmental change. Now people in the western industrialized nations realize that their consumption of goods and services could change the environment in ways that rival natural causes. Their heightened awareness led scientists and engineers to start systematically investigating the life cycles of industrial products. These investigators soon found that Western industry has created a web of resource use so complex that tracing the demands made by even a single, simple product on the environment requires the new analytical methods of industrial ecology. Industrial ecologists see the farm and the factory as the main sources of environmental change caused by people. With their focus on the factory, along with its associated mines, power plants, and transportation systems, they search out the consequences of consuming natural resources to make and use material goods and generate energy. They study resources consumed, wastes released, and the fate of discarded products. They may include in their research advocacy of, and searching for, means to minimize the environmental impacts of industry. They look to a future where recycling eliminates all wastes and where energy comes from renewable resources. Most see a guiding principle in sustainability, the concept that each generation should leave to the next undiminished opportunities for fulfillment of material needs. People make their decisions about the production, consumption, and disposal of material goods in terms of the costs and benefits they perceive, and they may be unwilling to bear extra costs for environmental benefits that offer them no immediate rewards.

LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜNÜN TÜRK EKONOMİSİNE KATKILARI VE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Sefer Gümüş
Keyword(s):  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Cost

In globalizing world which removed all the borders, and thus transportation of goods with minimum price is required. Up to the present, there has not been found any solution instead of transportation. Turkey, as one of the world countries, giving preference transportation (passenger or cargo) by road has increased the cost of logistic sector. The being 95 % of road transportation in all transportation systems and not to care about other ways of transportation has caused much loss of life and property every year. The importance of logistic industry in recent years has begun to be noticed and tried to be renewed by many people. In this study, improving logistic sector and logistics management in Turkey and outsourcing were overemphasized. So, failures were analysed and looked for any way to solve problems. In actuality, to bring down the cost and compete with other companies, we have to get under control the transportation and discipline it. Also, it shouldn't be forgotten that outsourcing will cause competitive advantage in transportation sector. The service quality of outsourcing depends on the expertise of the instution. In addition, container transportation system which has made progress since the 1980s has become very significant. Container transportation that is from a port to port raised the importance of harbours more. Container transportation system has led to the emergence of the concept of ''terminal''. Thanks to container terminals, logistic services have become economic, efficient and more secure. Especially in our country, as a result of privatization, a large part of ports have been transferred to private companies and these companies have made necessary studies for bottom structure of their ports and pave the way for working properly. And this can be a good model as a development of logistic sector in our country.

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