scholarly journals Transportation and Air Quality. Perspectives and Projections in a Mediterranean Country. The Case of Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios C. Spyropoulos ◽  
Panagiotis T. Nastos ◽  
Konstantinos P. Moustris ◽  
Konstantinos J. Chalvatzis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Simple Exponential Smoothing ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Exponential Smoothing Technique ◽  
Of Greece

This study provides a thorough review and analysis of the evolution of the Greek vehicle fleet over the last ~30 years, which is next used for the generation of high granularity fleet projections and for the estimation of relevant environmental benefits by 2030. The integrated methodology developed takes also into account vehicle clustering and the Brown’s Double Simple Exponential Smoothing technique that together with the adoption of COPERT based emission factors allow for the estimation of the anticipated emissions in 2030. Expected 2030 emissions levels suggest a reduction across all pollutants in comparison to 2018, ranging from 3.7% for PM10 to 54.5% for NMVOC (and 46% for CO, 14% for SO2, 28% for NOX and 21% for CO2). We find that Greece is on track with national goals concerning the reduction of air pollution from the transportation sector, stressing the positive contribution of EVs and new, "greener" vehicles, and setting new challenges for the further improvement of the sector beyond the 2030 outlook.

Assessment of Cleaning Conservation Interventions on Architectural Surfaces Using an Integrated Methodology

2002 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Moropoulou ◽  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Nicolas P. Avdelidis ◽  
Maria Koui
Keyword(s):  
Historic Buildings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Blasting Method

ABSTRACTIn this work, pilot cleaning interventions applied by a wet micro-blasting method on architectural surfaces of three historic buildings in marble and porous stone were evaluated in situ and in the laboratory. The investigation was performed on characteristic stone surfaces (marbles and porous stone) of the following historic buildings: Athens Academy and National Library of Greece in Athens center polluted urban environment and Bank of Greece in Piraeus marine environment. The materials of the facades were characterized, and the mechanism of decay was diagnosed. In addition, the cleaning method's efficiency was evaluated based on the acceptability of the alteration of the cleaned architectural surfaces. Criteria were both aesthetic and physico-chemical. In particular, the architectural surfaces were examined in situ by the means of fiber optic microscopy, infrared thermography and colorimetry. In the laboratory, methods of investigation were optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion by X-ray analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, conductivity and pH measurements. The majority of measurements and analyses were applied before and after the pilot cleaning interventions. Finally, the results of this study contribute to the development of an integrated methodology for the assessment of cleaning interventions applied on architectural surfaces.

scholarly journals A Simulated Annealing Heuristic For The Green Vehicle Routing Problem

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Moch Yasin ◽  
Vincent F. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicle ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Vehicle Fleet

Nowadays, the encouragement of the use of green vehicle is greater than it previously has ever been. In the United States, transportation sector is responsible for 28% of national greenhouse gas emissions in 2009. Therefore, there have been many studies devoted to the green supply chain management including the green vehicle routing problem (GVRP). GVRP plays a very important role in helping organizations with alternative fuel-powered vehicle fleets overcome obstacles resulted from limited vehicle driving range in conjunction with limited fuel infrastructure. The objective of GVRP is to minimize total distance traveled by the alternative fuel vehicle fleet. This study develops a mathematical model and a simulated annealing (SA) heuristic for the GVRP. Computational results indicate that the SA heuristic is capable of obtaining good GVRP solutions within a reasonable amount of time.

scholarly journals Pathways to Urban Sustainability: An Investigation of the Economic Potential of Untreated Household Solid Waste (HSW) in the City of São Paulo

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5249
Author(s):  
Vilma Geni Slomski ◽  
Ivan Carlos Silva Lima ◽  
Valmor Slomski ◽  
Tiago Slavov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Forest Protection

The depletion of natural resources, the useful life of landfill sites, and the amount of garbage accumulating all challenge public policy to manage urban solid waste. We identified the economic potential for unused solid waste (HSW) in São Paulo in 2018 to be USD 637,633,836.04 through descriptive quantitative research and documentary analysis in the collected data. This amount comes from five sources, with the majority coming from internalizing private cost credits (45.58%), followed by recycling (42.21%), carbon credits (5.46%), refuse-derived fuel (3.77%), and organic compounds (2.98%). This potential assumes the implantation of waste sorting plants that generate jobs, reduce public expenses, and provide environmental benefits such as forest protection, water, and minerals. The environmentally adequate final destination of HSW constitutes an economic and socio-environmental measure that enables the reverse logistics of the business sector and urban sustainability. Consequently, the economic potential of HSW, generated from its sorting and marketing, could provide a positive contribution with the mitigation of environmental impacts, in addition to income generation and social inclusion.

Prevalence, risk and aggravating factors of chronic venous disease: an epidemiological survey of the general population of Greece

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dimakakos ◽  
K Syrigos ◽  
E Scliros ◽  
I Karaitianos
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Of Greece

Introduction Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common disease all over the world, mainly in Western Europe and the USA. Aim To evaluate the prevalence of CVD in the Greek general population and the characteristics of CVD. Materials and methods The study sample included 1500 individuals, 15–64 years of age, who were citizens of Athens, Thessaloniki, or one of five Greek cities with more than 10,000 in the population. The sample was selected by a stratified, multistage, random sampling procedure based on the Greek Census 2001. Questionnaires were completed for each individual by personal interview. Results From 1500 individuals, 224 (14.9%) had symptoms and/or signs of CVD, 9.6% were men and 20.1% were women. The highest percentage of presenting CVD symptoms was among 45–54-year-olds (23.4%) and 55–64-year-olds (27%). The symptoms that were mostly mentioned among sufferers were 58% achy legs, 37.4% swollen legs and 25.3% heavy legs, whereas the frequent signs were broken capillaries – telangiectasia (19.2%) and varicose veins (14.8%). About 62.9% with CVD had an obese body mass index (BMI > 25). The prevalence of CVD in patients with prolonged standing hours at work (4+ hours) was 20.8%. The symptoms of CVD were worse during the summer period only in 26.8% of the patients whereas in 50.8% during all the year. Regarding quality of life, more than 40% of the patients had either health or cosmetic problems. Sufferers mentioned that they took first advice from physicians (28%), or from friends and relatives (27%) or from pharmacists (26%). Conclusion This is a real whole-population study of Greece – a Mediterranean country that provides important and remarkable data on the epidemiology of CVD and highlights that we need improvement of relations within the triangle constituted by physicians, patients and disease.

Quantifying Environmental Benefits of Ridesplitting based on Observed Data from Ridesourcing Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199782
Author(s):  
Xinghua Liu ◽  
Wenxiang Li ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Zhiyong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Information And Communication

The increasing emissions from the transportation sector pose substantial hazards to the environment and human health around the world. With the rapid development of information and communication technologies, ridesplitting, a form of ridesourcing service accessed via smartphone applications, enables passengers with similar origins and destinations to be matched to the same driver and share the ride. This is regarded as a promising travel mode that could mitigate air pollution. However, because of a lack of quantitative analysis, the environmental benefits of ridesplitting have not been rigorously justified. As vast amounts of observed data of ridesourcing have become increasingly available, this study quantifies the environmental benefits of ridesplitting based on the global positioning system (GPS) trajectory and trip order datasets of DiDi Chuxing in Chengdu, China. First, the saved distances of ridesplitting are calculated by analyzing the travel distances of both ridesplitting trips and the corresponding trips under non-ridesplitting conditions. Then, the emission factors of CO, NOx, and HC are estimated by a localized MOVES model. Combining the saved distances and emission factors, the emission reductions from each ridesplitting trip can be calculated. The results show that ridesplitting can decrease the travel distance by 22% on average compared with non-ridesplitting. As a consequence, the average emission reductions per ridesplitting trip are 10.601 g of CO, 0.691 g of NOx, and 1.424 g of HC, respectively. This study provides a better understanding of the environmental benefits of ridesplitting and theoretical guidance for the government’s decision-making in green transport planning.

The Effects of Regulation in the Presence of Multiple Unpriced Externalities: Evidence from the Transportation Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bento ◽  
Daniel Kaffine ◽  
Kevin Roth ◽  
Matthew Zaragoza-Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Congestion Costs ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides Reduction ◽  
Hov Lanes

In transportation systems with unpriced congestion, allowing single-occupant low-emission vehicles in high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to encourage their adoption exacerbates congestion costs for carpoolers. The resulting welfare effects of the policy are negative, with environmental benefits overwhelmingly dominated by the increased congestion costs. Exploiting the introduction of the Clean Air Vehicle Stickers policy in California with a regression discontinuity design, our results imply a best-case cost of $124 per ton of reductions in greenhouse gases, $606,000 per ton of nitrogen oxides reduction, and $505,000 per ton of hydrocarbon reduction, exceeding those of other options readily available to policymakers. (JEL D62, L51, L62, Q51, Q54, R41, R48)

Comparison of Brazilian and U.S. Biofuel Demand: The Role of Vehicle Fleets and Prices in Meeting Policy Targets

Green ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simla Tokgoz ◽  
Prapti Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Policy Targets

AbstractThe two largest producers of biofuels in the world, Brazil and U.S., both have various policy initiatives designed to meet a significant portion of their need for transportation fuels from biofuels. However, the structure of bio biofuel demand and vehicle fleets varies widely between these two economies, affecting the level of absorption of biofuels by the refiners and final consumers of each country. The relative prices of biofuels to conventional fuel prices (gasoline and diesel) determine consumers' demand not only for biofuels and but also for alternative fuel vehicles. The vehicle fleet structure, in turn, determines the ability of the transportation sector to absorb biofuels. Brazil, with its low costs of production, can sell ethanol at a competitive level with gasoline, which allows ethanol demand to expand and vehicle fleet to transform. U.S., on the other hand, cannot sell ethanol competitively. This limits market expansion and vehicle fleet transformation in the U.S., which, in turn, hinders its ability to achieve policy targets. With many countries taking initiatives to meet a large share of their transportation fuel needs from biofuels, the experiences of U.S. and Brazil provide valuable lessons for policy makers, where an in-depth analysis of the inter-linkages among relative prices, biofuel demand, and vehicle fleet structure prove to be crucial for successful and effective policy making.

scholarly journals Immigration in the Covid-19 Era: The role of Greece and Turkey, the necessity for a common European immigration and foreign policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadakis ◽  
Konstantinos Zafeiris
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Political Reaction ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
European Immigration ◽  
Mediterranean Migration ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Eu

Immigration and refugee flows in the Eastern Mediterranean migration path have been increased the last two decades, a fact that created the need for coordinated political reaction from the EU, which now faces new challenges because of the Covid-19 pandemic. This article analyses the new challenges Covid-19 creates by focusing on the “lesson learned” of previous pandemics and their effect on mankind and also on the necessity of a common European policy both in the fields of immigration policy and foreign policy towards the stabilization in the Eastern Mediterranean, mainly by focusing on the role of Greece and Turkey.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad Un-Noor ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban ◽  
Lucian Mihet-Popa ◽  
Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah ◽  
Eklas Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Near Future

Electric vehicles (EV) are getting more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system can face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration; but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of smart grid. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emission from the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before replacing the ICE vehicles totally. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, energy sources, motors, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.

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