Debunking “fake news” on social media: short-term, long-term, and spillover effects of fact check and media literacy interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kerkhof
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Literacy Interventions

scholarly journals Advancing children’s news media literacy: learning from the practices and experiences of young Australians

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-707
Author(s):  
Tanya Notley ◽  
Michael Dezuanni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Literacy Learning ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Media Literacy Education ◽  
Nationally Representative

Social media use has redefined the production, experience and consumption of news media. These changes have made verifying and trusting news content more complicated and this has led to a number of recent flashpoints for claims and counter-claims of ‘fake news’ at critical moments during elections, natural disasters and acts of terrorism. Concerns regarding the actual and potential social impact of fake news led us to carry out the first nationally representative survey of young Australians’ news practices and experiences. Our analysis finds that while social media is one of young people’s preferred sources of news, they are not confident about spotting fake news online and many rarely or never check the source of news stories. Our findings raise important questions regarding the need for news media literacy education – both in schools and in the home. Therefore, we consider the historical development of news media literacy education and critique the relevance of dominant frameworks and pedagogies currently in use. We find that news media has become neglected in media literacy education in Australia over the past three decades, and we propose that current media literacy frameworks and pedagogies in use need to be rethought for the digital age.

scholarly journals Detecting Fake News Over Job Posts via Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory (BIDLSTM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
T. V. Divya ◽  
Barnali Gupta Banik
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Word Embedding ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Fake news detection on job advertisements has grabbed the attention of many researchers over past decade. Various classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost Classifier and Random Forest (RF) methods are greatly utilized for fake and real news detection pertaining to job advertisement posts in social media. Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) classifier is greatly utilized for learning word representations in lower-dimensional vector space and learning significant words word embedding or terms revealed through Word embedding algorithm. The fake news detection is greatly achieved along with real news on job post from online social media is achieved by Bi-LSTM classifier and thereby evaluating corresponding performance. The performance metrics such as Precision, Recall, F1-score, and Accuracy are assessed for effectiveness by fraudulency based on job posts. The outcome infers the effectiveness and prominence of features for detecting false news. .

scholarly journals COMBATING INFODEMIC COVID-19: GOVERNMENT RESPONSE AGAINST FAKE NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Andi Luhur Prianto ◽  
Abdillah Abdillah ◽  
Syukri Firdaus ◽  
Muhammad Arifeen Yamad
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Government Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Channels

The global commitment to fighting the pandemic is not only about medical and epidemiological work, but also about how information about the disease is disseminated. The threat of the Covid-19 infodemic is no less dangerous than the pandemic itself. The phenomenon of infodemic has distorted the work of science and reduced public trust in state authorities. This research has identified, mapped, and analyzed official government responses to fake news attacks on social media. This study uses an interpretive-phenomenological approach, related to the spread and belief of fake news about Covid-19 in Indonesia. Data analysis uses the Nvivo-12 Pro application, as an artificial intelligence tool to support data exploration from various sources. The results show that the quality of media literacy, public communication performance, and the effectiveness of government regulations have become part of the challenges in mitigating infodemic. The level of public trust in information from social media contributes to the decline in trust in fake news about Covid-19. Stimulation from the social media news that does not control the belief in myths and false information about Covid-19. Content creators who have produced, posted, and shared on social media channels that are less critical, have an impact on the infodemic situation. The solution is to increase media literacy education and the effectiveness of law enforcement in mitigating the infodemic in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea in Adolescent girls as a Result of Stress-Related Conditions in Covid-19 Pandemic Situation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Restricted Movement ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a form of anovulation due to the suppression of HypothalamicPituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis, not related to identifiable organic cause. FHA is a state of hormonal imbalance related to stress, exercising too much or consuming too few calories. In the unprecedented Covid-I9 Pandemic, there is an upsurge of FHA in adolescent girls. Being confined to ‘stay at home’, the phobia of gaining weight due to restricted movement is often triggering eating disorders like Anorexia Nervosa(AN);indulging in indoor overexercise, stress associated with routine change, exposure and preoccupations with social media in the changed scenario are causing a disruption of HPO axis manifesting as FHA. But FHA has serious short-term and longterm effects on the physical and mental health of the adolescent individuals. The present article aims at reviewing the causes, effects, evaluation and management of FHA in the present scenario. Adolescent girls with FHA should be carefully diagnosed and properly managed to prevent both short-term and long-term deleterious effects with appropriate and timely intervention.

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION AND EMPOWERING COMMUNITY OF ANTIHOAX IN DENPASAR

ICCD ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ras Amanda
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The Real ◽  
Individual User ◽  
Communication And Technology

Information, communication, and technology (ICT) in communities now have been major needs. Media nowadays developed in to new media like social media. Social media have different characteristic compared to mass media. One of the differences is the source or communicator. In social media, the communicator often unknown. The other characteristic is, social media has a massive effect through individual user. Ironically, not all the news and information which spread out in social media is a real news or fake news and hoaxes. In the other hand, social media user didn’t have media literacy to recognize the fake and the real news. to counter that, it needs to build awareness and empowering community of anti-hoax in Denpasar, as the biggest city in Bali. The activities were socialization in diverse age, researched, and campaign in the heart of Denpasar involving the vice governor of Bali Province.

scholarly journals Seeking Mental Health Support Among College Students in Video-Based Social Media: Content and Statistical Analysis of YouTube Videos

10.2196/31944 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e31944
Author(s):  
Bogeum Choi ◽  
Heejun Kim ◽  
Jina Huh-Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Over Time

Background Mental health is a highly stigmatized disease, especially for young people. Due to its free, accessible format, college students increasingly use video-based social media for many aspects of information needs, including how-to tips, career, or health-related needs. The accessibility of video-based social media brings potential in supporting stigmatized contexts, such as college students’ mental health. Understanding which kinds of videos about college students’ mental health have increased viewer engagement will help build a foundation for exploring this potential. Little research has been done to identify video types systematically, how they have changed over time, and their associations on viewer engagement both short term and long term. Objective This study aims to identify strategies for using video-based social media to combat stigmatized diseases, such as mental health, among college students. We identify who, with what perspective, purpose, and content, makes up the videos available on social media (ie, YouTube) about college students’ mental health and how these factors associate with viewer engagement. We then identify effective strategies for designing video-based social media content for supporting college students’ mental health. Methods We performed inductive content analysis to identify different types of YouTube videos concerning college students’ mental health (N=452) according to video attributes, including poster, perspective, and purpose. Time analysis showed how video types have changed over time. Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the relationships between video attributes. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the association between video types and viewer engagement. Lastly, we investigated the difference in viewer engagement across time between two major types of videos (ie, individuals’ storytelling and organization’s informational videos). Results Time trend analysis showed a notable increase in the number of (1) videos by individuals, (2) videos that represent students’ perspectives, and (3) videos that share stories and experiential knowledge over the recent years. Fisher’s exact test found all video attributes (ie, poster, perspective, and purpose) are significantly correlated with each other. In addition, the Mann-Whitney U test found that poster (individual vs organization) and purpose (storytelling vs sharing information) type has a significant association with viewer engagement (P<.001). Lastly, individuals’ storytelling videos had a greater engagement in the short term and the long term. Conclusions The study shows that YouTube videos on college students’ mental health can be well differentiated by the types of posters and the purpose of the videos. Taken together, the videos where individuals share their personal stories, as well as experiential knowledge (ie, tips and advice), engaged more viewers in both the short term and long term. Individuals’ videos on YouTube showed the potential to support college students' mental health in unique ways, such as providing social support, validating experience, and sharing the positive experience of help-seeking.

How Fake News Differs From Personal Lies

2020 ◽  
pp. 000276422091024
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Chiu ◽  
Yu Won Oh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
News Article ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The People ◽  
School Curricula

Personal lies (girl on date lying to dad) and fake news ( Obama Bans Pledge of Allegiance) both deceive but in different ways, so they require different detection methods. People in long-term relationships try to tell undetectable lies to encourage, often, audience inaction. In contrast, unattached fake news welcome attention and try to ignite audience action. Thus, they differ in six ways: (a) speaker–audience relationship, (b) goal, (c) emotion, (d) information, (e) number of participants, and (f) citation of sources. To detect personal lies, a person can use their intimate relationship to heighten emotions, raise the stakes, and ask for more information, participants, or sources. In contrast, a person evaluates the legitimacy of potential fake news by examining the websites of its author, the people in the news article, and/or reputable media sources. Large social media companies have suitable expertise, data, and resources to reduce fake news. Search tools, rival news media links to one another’s articles, encrypted signature links, and improved school curricula might also help users detect fake news.

The Effects of Consumer Engagement Behavior on the Growth of Social Media Brand Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun He ◽  
Arash Negahban
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
Engagement Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Predictive Relationship

In recent years, there has been increasing attention to how consumers' roles and behaviors can shape and affect social media based brand communities. In this study the authors examine the dynamic relationships between specific consumer engagement behaviors and the growth rate of social media brand community over time. The results of their study suggest that the overall consumer engagement behavior has a significant predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community in both short term and long term. While each type of positive consumer engagement behavior alone is not a significant indicator of the growth rate of brand community, a combination of them, as a whole, has a positive predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community. When the effect of promotional posts is taken into consideration, consumer sharing is found to have relatively stronger and faster predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community, followed by commenting and liking, than other consumer engaging activities. Negative consumer engagement behaviors in general do not play a significant role in predicting the growth rate of brand community in long term, but it does lead to adverse effect in the short term. This study sheds insights on the dynamic effects of consumer engagement behavior in building and growing social media based brand communities.

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