Invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis: surgical decisions and dilemmas

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dhiwakar ◽  
A. Thakar ◽  
S. Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Orbital Exenteration ◽  
The Common ◽  
Orbital Disease

Invasive aspergillosis, one of the common paranasal sinus fungal infections, often secondarily involves the orbit. We report six such cases with orbital extension, all occurring in apparently immunocompetent hosts, to specifically address the difficult diagnostic and therapeutic issues involved. Limited biopsy procedures were often inconclusive, necessitating wide surgical excision to establish the histopathological diagnosis. Conservative orbital debridement proved adequate for cases with disease limited to the infero-medial compartment of the orbit, but resulted in residual progressive disease in the two of the four cases with retro-orbital and apical extension. Orbital exenteration in this latter group, however, proved successful in controlling disease. The present report emphasizes the importance of near-complete extirpation and adjuvant chemotherapy in ensuring a favourable outcome in invasive Aspergillus infections. Orbital exenteration appears justified for posterior orbital disease, regardless of the functional status of the eye, but is inappropriate for anterior orbital disease.

scholarly journals Contrasting Histories of Three Gene Regions Associated With In(3L)Payne of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Hasson ◽  
Walter F Eanes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
Distal Breakpoint ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neutrality Tests ◽  
Hsp83 Gene

In the present report, we studied nucleotide variation in three gene regions of Drosophila melanogaster, spanning >5 kb and showing different degrees of association with the cosmopolitan inversion In(3-L)Payne. The analysis of sequence variation in the regions surrounding the breakpoints and the heat shock 83 (Hsp83) gene locus, located close to the distal breakpoint, revealed the absence of shared polymorphisms and the presence of a number of fixed differences between arrangements, indicating absence of genetic exchange. In contrast, for the esterase-6 gene region, located in the center of the inversion, we observed the presence of shared polymorphisms between arrangements suggesting genetic exchange. In the regions close to the breakpoints, the common St arrangement is 10 times more polymorphic than inverted chromosomes. We propose that the lack of recombination between arrangements in these regions coupled with genetic hitchhiking is the best explanation for the low heterozygosity observed in inverted lines. Using the data for the breakpoints, we estimate that this inversion polymorphism is around 0.36 million yr old. Although it is widely accepted that inversions are examples of balanced polymorphisms, none of the current neutrality tests including our Monte Carlo simulations showed significant departure from neutral expectations.

scholarly journals Histopathological Analysis of Endometrial Biopsy in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
B Parajuli ◽  
G Pun ◽  
S Ranabhat ◽  
S Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage ◽  
Partial Mole ◽  
Proliferative Endometrium ◽  
The Common

Objective: To study the spectrum of histopathological diagnosis of endometrial lesions and their distribution according to age. Methods: All the endometrium samples obtained by the procedure of dilatation and curettage and hysterectomy sent for histopathological examination at Pathology Department of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The study duration was total 12 months ranging from July 2016 to June 2017. All the endometrial samples were processed, sectioned at 4 - 6 μm and stained with routine H & E stain. Patient’s data including age, sex, procedure of the biopsy taken and histopathological diagnosis were noted. A pathologist, using Olympus microscope, reported the slides. Cases were reviewed by a second pathologist whenever necessary. Results: A total of 128 cases were studied. The most common histopathological diagnosis was proliferative endometrium (28.9%) followed by disorder proliferative endometrium (15.65%). Most of the patients were in age group 36 - 45 years comprising 32.03%. Hydatidiform mole comprised of 7.03% and among Hydatidiform mole, partial mole was more common. Dilatation and curettage (82.8%) was the common procedure in compare to hysterectomy for the evaluation of endometrial lesions. Conclusions: In this study, we observed a variety of endometrial lesions. Most of them are benign; among benign, proliferative endometrium was the common histopathological diagnosis followed by disorder proliferative endometrium. Most common presenting age group was found to be at 36 - 45 years. In evaluation of hydatidiform mole, partial mole was more frequent in compare to complete mole. Conventional dilatation and curettage is the preferred method in developing countries with limited resource to screen endometrial lesion and therefore biopsy should be sent for histopathological examination. Thus histopathological examination of routinely stained hematoxylin and eosin is readily available and widely accepted standard technique for evaluation of the endometrial lesions.

scholarly journals Clinical and in Vivo Response Following Surgery or Surgery Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy for Colorectal Carcinoma in a Rat Model

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K House ◽  
M A L Maley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recurrent Tumour ◽  
Mesenteric Node ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tumour Weight

Two cohorts of rats, 240 with colon cancer and 150 controls, were assessed clinically and immunologically for their response to tumour and its management which was either by surgical excision alone or by surgical excision combined with either adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The histology and invasion characteristics were observed for similarity with those of human lesions. Metastases were found in liver, lymph nodes, the peritoneum or lungs in 27% of animals during follow up. Significantly fewer adjuvant-treated rats had metastases than those receiving surgery alone ( P < 0.05), and less total tumour weight was found in the adjuvant-treated rats at four ( P < 0.03) and six ( P < 0.001) weeks postoperatively. Animals in the adjuvant immunotherapy group survived longer than in either other group ( P < 0.001). The crude parameters of host response to tumour, body, spleen and mesenteric lymph node weight were recorded and the latter two indexed to body weight. The body weight of tumour and control rats increased significantly with time ( P < 0.04). The spleen and mesenteric node indices were significantly ( P < 0.04) greater in tumour than control rats and were varied by recurrent tumour growth and by the adjuvant treatment administered postoperatively.

scholarly journals Benign Osteoblastoma Involving Maxilla: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bokhari ◽  
M. S. Hameed ◽  
M. Ajmal ◽  
Rafi A. Togoo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Rare Benign Tumor ◽  
Benign Osteoblastoma ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

Background. Osteoblastoma is a rare benign tumor. This tumor is characterized by osteoid and bone formation with the presence of numerous osteoblasts. The lesion is more frequently seen in long bones and rarely involves maxilla and mandible. Due to its clinical and histological similarity with other bone tumors such as osteoid osteoma and fibro-osseous lesions, osteoblastoma presents a diagnostic dilemma.Case Report. Very few cases of osteoblastomas involving maxillofacial region have been reported in the literature. This case report involves osteoblastoma involving right maxilla in an 18-year-old male patient. Following detailed clinical examination, radiological interpretation, and histopathological diagnosis, surgical excision was performed. The patient was followed up for a period of 3 years and was disease free.Summary and Conclusion. Benign osteoblastoma involving jaw bones is a rare tumor. There is a close resemblance of this tumor with other lesions such as fibro-osseous lesions and odontogenic tumors and thus faces a diagnostic challenge. Surgical excision with a long-term follow-up gives good prognosis to this lesion—Benign Osteoblastoma.

scholarly journals Groin Flap for Salvage of Upper Extremity Following Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Chenicheri Balakrishnan ◽  
Venkata S Erella ◽  
Shawn Vandemark ◽  
Jason Mussman
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Groin Flap ◽  
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Extensive Debridement ◽  
The Common

Necrotizing soft tissue infections are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality Early surgical excision along with antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of management. Salvage of these extremities is often difficult due to loss of soft tissues, tendons, nerves and blood vessels. Skin grafting of the granulating wound is the common method of closure in these patients. Use of various flaps has improved reconstructive options in these extremities. A case of salvage of upper extremity using a groin flap following extensive debridement is reported.

Treatment of Children With Medulloblastomas With Reduced-Dose Craniospinal Radiation Therapy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Children's Cancer Group Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2127-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Packer ◽  
Joel Goldwein ◽  
H. Stacy Nicholson ◽  
L. Gilbert Vezina ◽  
Jeffrey C. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Tumor Site ◽  
Local Tumor ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Craniospinal Radiation ◽  
Cancer Group

PURPOSE: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. After treatment with surgery and radiation therapy, approximately 60% of children with medulloblastoma are alive and free of progressive disease 5 years after diagnosis, but many have significant neurocognitive sequelae. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility and efficacy of treating children with nondisseminated medulloblastoma with reduced-dose craniospinal radiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 3-year period, 65 children between 3 and 10 years of age with nondisseminated medulloblastoma were treated with postoperative, reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy (23.4 Gy) and 55.8 Gy of local radiation therapy. Adjuvant vincristine chemotherapy was administered during radiotherapy, and lomustine, vincristine, and cisplatin chemotherapy was administered during and after radiation. RESULTS: Progression-free survival was 86% ± 4% at 3 years and 79% ± 7% at 5 years. Sites of relapse for the14 patients who developed progressive disease included the local tumor site alone in two patients, local tumor site and disseminated disease in nine, and nonprimary sites in three. Brainstem involvement did not adversely affect outcome. Therapy was relatively well tolerated; however, the dose of cisplatin had to be modified in more than 50% of patients before the completion of treatment. One child died of pneumonitis and sepsis during treatment. CONCLUSION: These overall survival rates compare favorably to those obtained in studies using full-dose radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy plus chemotherapy. The results suggest that reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy during and after radiation is a feasible approach for children with nondisseminated medulloblastoma.

scholarly journals Nodular Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis due to Medicopsis romeroi in an Immunocompetent Patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Deshkar ◽  
Niranjan Patil ◽  
Ashish Lad ◽  
Shraddha Amberkar ◽  
Swati Sharan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungus ◽  
Dorsum Of Foot ◽  
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Organ Tropism

Fungal infections like subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis are uncommon but are increasing lately, especially in tropical regions like India. Identification of correct aetiologic agent is essential as different species can have different organ tropism. Here, a rare case of nodular subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent 62-year-old male patient who developed nodule over right dorsum of foot is reported. After various diagnostic tests a rare dematiaceous fungus Medicopsis romeroi was identified as a causative agent in the nodular material by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Surgical excision and antifungal therapy of itraconazole proved beneficial with no recurrence during a six months of follow-up. Medicopsis romeroi has been debated for its role in human infections however, it should be considered as one of the aetiologic agents of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.

scholarly journals A prospective clinico mycological study of deep mycoses in a tertiary centre in Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Sivayogana R. ◽  
Madhu R. ◽  
Ramesh A. ◽  
Dhanalakshmi U. R.
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Madurella Mycetomatis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Opportunistic Mycoses ◽  
Subcutaneous Mycoses

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Deep mycoses which<strong> </strong>includes subcutaneous mycoses and systemic mycoses, accounts for about 1% of the all the fungal infections seen in human beings. Though rare, these infections assume significance due to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with them. The objective of the study was to study the incidence, clinical presentation, aetiological agents and histopathological findings of deep mycoses in patients attending the mycology section, department of dermatology of a tertiary centre in Chennai.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All Patients with clinical suspicion of deep mycoses who presented to mycology section during the period from November 2015 to September 2016 were screened. The samples from these patients were subjected to direct microscopy by potassium hydroxide wet mount, culture and histopathology.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 8250 patients who attended mycology OPD, 41 patients (0.5%) had deep mycoses. The commonly affected age group was 41-50 yrs (29.7%). Males (73.2%) were predominantly affected. Of the 41 patients, 26.8% were immunocompromised. 37 patients (90.2%) had subcutaneous infection and 4 (9.8%) had opportunistic mycoses. Mycetoma (43.2%) was the most common subcutaneous mycoses. Mucormycosis (75%) and aspergillosis (25%) were the opportunistic mycoses observed. KOH positivity was 100%, while culture positivity was 65.7%. <em>Madurella mycetomatis,</em> <em>Phialophora verrucosa</em>, <em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> and <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> were the common organisms isolated in this study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Mycetoma is the most common subcutaneous mycoses in this part of India. Eumycetoma is more common than actinomycetoma. Phaeohyphomycosis is on the rise. Simple KOH examination would pave way for an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of deep mycoses.</p>

Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Tristan da Cunha and St. Helena

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horia R. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
New Records ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
The Common ◽  
St Helena ◽  
World Records ◽  
Second World

The present report provides the first account of the shallow water hydroids of St. Helena, which comprises 17 species, and adds nine new records to the hydrozoan fauna of the Tristan da Cunha group of islands, raising their number to 34. A total of 34 species, belonging to five families of Anthoathecata and eight families of Thecata, are discussed herein. Although distributional data are given for each species, brief diagnoses are provided for the lesser known or unidentifiable species, and the common taxa are occasionally accompanied by succinct remarks. Illustrations are provided for nearly all species in order to justify their identification and to facilitate identification by others.Fiordlandia protectaandFilellum bouvetensis,both from Gough Island, represent the second world records and extend their known area of distribution.

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