Trunks of multi-stem black poplars may have different genotypes – evidence from the Oder valley in Poland

The black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is an ecologically and economically important tree species, characteristic for floodplain forests in Europe. It is now considered to be endangered in many European countries due to the loss of its natural habitat caused by the development of river engineering and intensive land use management of riverside areas. Multi-stem specimens can be found occasionally in natural black poplar populations. The percentage of such individuals is low, although in some stands it may be over a dozen percent. The origin of multi-stem trees may be different. As a consequence, trunks being part of such a tree can have the same or different genotypes. The study aimed to find out whether all trunks of multi-stem black poplars are ramets of the same genet or if their genotypes are different, in which case they increase the gene pool of the population. We used 13 microsatellite nuclear markers to analyze the genotypes of 83 trunks belonging to 34 multi-stem black poplar trees from five natural populations from the Oder river valley in Poland. We also performed the sibship analysis of all trunks. The results showed that the trunks being part of the particular individual had distinct genotypes in five trees (14.7%). This indicates that they were formed as a result of the fusion of two genetically different individuals. The sibship analysis revealed that one multi-stem tree was represented by full-sibs. In the remaining four trees the fused trunks were not related. Nevertheless, we found three pairs of half-sibs between different trees that were distant from each other. The majority of the multi-stem trees we examined developed most probably due to the damage to the apical meristem of the main shoot of a single-stem tree. Nevertheless, some of them were indeed formed from two distinct individuals. Therefore, if a particular population consists of a small number of individuals, we recommend to study the genotypic homogeneity of each multi-stem tree.

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Rapid Propagation of Sweet and Sour Cherry Rootstocks

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4229671 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 488-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

DuÅ¡ica DORIC ◽

Vladislav OGNJANOV ◽

Mirjana LJUBOJEVIC ◽

Goran BARAC ◽

Jovana DULIC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Habitat ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Phenyl Acetate ◽

Aseptic Culture ◽

Double Phase ◽

Rooting Medium ◽

Phase Medium ◽

Germplasm Diversity ◽

Cherry Rootstocks

The paper presents a protocol for micropropagation of Prunus sp. rootstocks included in the sweet and sour cherry breeding program. Germplasm diversity for rootstock breeding derives from natural populations, where conditions and biological vectors for systematic infection with viral diseases are constantly present. The establishment of aseptic culture depends primarily on the explant type, as all selections were collected from natural habitat. For nearly all investigated selections, dormant buds were the favored source, due to enabling rosette initiation in more than 58% cases. In P. cerasus L. selections, 100% contamination was noted when shoot tips were used as an explant source. Significant influence of the double-phase medium on the number and height of multiplied shoots was observed in the standard cherry rootstock, â€˜Gisela 6â€™. For P. fruticosa Pall., selection â€˜SV1â€™ and â€˜SV2â€™, and P. cerasus â€˜D6â€™ selection, the double-phase medium also had a significant effect on the height of multiplied shoots, when compared to solid DKW (Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut) medium. Genetic variability of selections within the investigated species resulted in variable plant rooting success. Adding Fe-EDDHA (Ethylenediamine di-2-hydroxy-phenyl acetate ferric) in the 200 mg l-1 concentration to the rooting medium significantly enhanced the percentage of rooted plants. The highest rooting percentage was noted for â€˜Gisela 6â€™ and â€˜D6â€™ genotype at 1 mgl-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), while 0.8 mgl-1 was the optimum concentration for P. mahaleb L. â€˜M1â€™ selection. P. fruticosa genotypes required significantly higher IBA concentration for rooting (2.5 and 3.5 mg l-1).

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Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Coralloid Roots of the Cycad Macrozamia riedlei: Physiological Characteristics and Ecological Significance

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9760349 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 349 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J Halliday ◽

JS Pate

Keyword(s):

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Fixation Rate ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

C2h2 Reduction ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Coralloid Roots

'Coralloid' roots containing blue-green algae occur commonly on the upper root stocks of M. riedlei in natural habitat in Western Australia. Each coralloid mass persists for several seasons; replacement sets form at irregular intervals, especially after fire. 15N2 and acetylene reduction assays demonstrate that coralloid roots fix nitrogen at physiologically significant rates. C2H2 reduction rates by coralloid roots are higher in winter than in summer. Performance is positively correlated with rainfall; soil temperature appears to be of lesser importance. Diurnal fluctuations in nitrogenase activity occur. Calibration using 15N2 gives a molar ratio of C2H2 reduced : N2 fixed of 5.8 : 1. The seasonal average of C2H2 reduction of 14.8 nmol per g fresh wt coralloid root per min is then equivalent to 37.6 g N per kg fresh wt per year, a fixation rate potentially capable of doubling coralloid root nitrogen once in every 8 weeks, and whole plant nitrogen every 8-11 years. Returns of fixed nitrogen in two natural populations of Macrozamia are estimated by compounding measurements of biomass of host and symbiotic organs with the seasonal average for coralloid fixation rate. The values obtained (18.8 and 18.6 kg N ha-1 year-1) indicate that Macrozamia contributes significantly to the nitrogen economy of its ecosystem.

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Population differentiation and structural variation in the genome of Manduca sexta across the United States

10.1101/2020.11.01.364000 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew J. Mongue ◽

Akito Y. Kawahara

Keyword(s):

Manduca Sexta ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Natural Populations ◽

The United States ◽

Genomic Variation ◽

The Other ◽

Z Chromosome ◽

Scientific Disciplines ◽

Two Populations

AbstractMany species that are extensively studied in the laboratory are less well characterized in their natural habitat, and laboratory strains represent only a small fraction of the variation in a species’ genome. Here we investigate genomic variation in three natural populations of an agricultural pest and a model insect for many scientific disciplines, the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). We show that hornworms from Arizona, Kansas, and North Carolina are genetically distinct, with Arizona being particularly differentiated from the other two populations. Specifically, two segregating inversions and a potential pseudogene are found only in the Arizona population. One inversion on the Z chromosome may enhance adaptive evolution of the sex chromosome, while the significance of the other, autosomal inversion remains unclear. The pseudogene may be involved in the exploitation of a novel hostplant in Arizona, but functional genetic assays will be required to confirm this hypothesis. Nevertheless, our results reveal undiscovered natural variation and provide useful genomic data for a model insect species.

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Doubling the Chromosome Number of Black Poplar Trees (Populus nigra L.) by Colchicine In vitro

Rafidain Journal of Science ◽

10.33899/rjs.2014.131363 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Ammar Z. Kassab-Bashi ◽

Nathim Th. Saieed ◽

Omar M. Omar

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Populus Nigra ◽

Black Poplar ◽

Poplar Trees

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Diversity and Abundance Dragonflies (Odonata) at Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Jurnal Biota ◽

10.19109/biota.v7i2.8160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 101-108

Author(s):

Muhamad Azmi Dwi Susanto ◽

Saiful Bahri

Keyword(s):

Rain Forest ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

A Value ◽

Reserve Area ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Water Catchment ◽

Number Of Individuals

Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area is a mountainous tropical rain forest, administratively located in Pupus Village, Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. One of the main functions of this nature reserve is as a water catchment area for the villages around the nature reserve area. Water sources and flows within the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area have the potential as natural habitat for dragonflies. This study aims to determine the diversity and abundance of dragonflies (Odonata) in the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area. The method of collecting dragonflies data used the Visual Day Flying method by recording the diversity of dragonflies species and counting the number of individuals from each observed dragonflies species. The data obtained were analyzed using the Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Heterogeneity Index and the frequency of Presence. The results of the research conducted showed that there were 14 species from 7 families with a total of 464 individuals. The Shannor-Wiener diversity index shows that the diversity value is H'= 1.81. Meanwhile, the presence frequency analysis showed that there were four species with a value of 100% which were classified as abundant Frequency of Presence, namely Euphaea variegata, Vestalis luctuosa, Rhinocypha anisoptera and Coeliccia membranipes.

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Rust Infection of Black Poplar Trees Reduces Photosynthesis but Does Not Affect Isoprene Biosynthesis or Emission

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2018.01733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Franziska Eberl ◽

Erica Perreca ◽

Heiko Vogel ◽

Louwrance P. Wright ◽

Almuth Hammerbacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rust Infection ◽

Black Poplar ◽

Poplar Trees

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Genetic diversity of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L. subsp. arcticus) as measured by amplified fragment length polymorphism

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b03-072 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (8) ◽

pp. 805-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze ◽

Hilkka Koponen ◽

Jari P.T Valkonen

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Length Polymorphisms ◽

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽

High Level

The levels of genotypic and genetic variation were estimated in six natural populations of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L. subsp. arcticus) in Finland. Using three primer combinations, a total of 117 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were found. The results were highly reproducible and allowed identification of 78 genets among the 122 plants of arctic bramble studied. Genotypic variation measured as Simpson index (D) was high in all populations, ranging from 0.72 to 0.94. Also, the level of genetic variation measured as Shannon index was relatively high in all populations, ranging from 0.19 to 0.32 (average 0.26). The high levels of genetic diversity indicate that sexual reproduction has played a significant role in these populations. The hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) partitioned 48% of the genetic variation among populations, suggesting a high level of population differentiation and a low level of interpopulation gene flow. Genetic diversity among ten currently grown cultivars of arctic bramble and hybrid arctic bramble (R. arcticus subsp. arcticus × R. arcticus subsp. stellatus) was large, and the subspecies were clearly distinguished from each other based on the AFLP marker data.Key words: AFLP, AMOVA, population, natural habitat, Rubus arcticus subsp. arcticus, Rubus arcticus subsp. stellatus.

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Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9101251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1251

Author(s):

Sara González-Orenga ◽

Calin Trif ◽

Mͣ Pilar Donat-Torres ◽

Josep V. Llinares ◽

Francisco Collado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Rare And Endangered Species ◽

Rare And Endangered ◽

Number Of Individuals

Thalictrum maritimum is an endangered, endemic species in East Spain, growing in areas of relatively low salinity in littoral salt marshes. A regression of its populations and the number of individuals has been registered in the last decade. This study aimed at establishing the causes of this reduction using a multidisciplinary approach, including climatic, ecological, physiological and biochemical analyses. The climatic data indicated that there was a direct negative correlation between increased drought, especially during autumn, and the number of individuals censused in the area of study. The susceptibility of this species to water deficit was confirmed by the analysis of growth parameters upon a water deficit treatment applied under controlled greenhouse conditions, with the plants withstanding only 23 days of complete absence of irrigation. On the other hand, increased salinity does not seem to be a risk factor for this species, which behaves as a halophyte, tolerating in controlled treatments salinities much higher than those registered in its natural habitat. The most relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance in T. maritimum appear to be based on the control of ion transport, by (i) the active transport of toxic ions to the aerial parts of the plants at high external salinity—where they are presumably stored in the leaf vacuoles to avoid their deleterious effects in the cytosol, (ii) the maintenance of K+ concentrations in belowground and aboveground organs, despite the increase of Na+ levels, and (iii) the salt-induced accumulation of Ca2+, particularly in stems and leaves. This study provides useful information for the management of the conservation plans of this rare and endangered species.

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The role of oxidative stress in determining the level of viability of black poplar (Populus nigra) seeds stored at different temperatures

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp14336 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 630 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ewa Marzena Kalemba ◽

Jan Suszka ◽

Ewelina Ratajczak

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Redox Potential ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Populus Nigra ◽

Black Poplar ◽

Highly Correlated

Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is one of the most threatened tree species in Europe since up to 99% of its natural habitat has disappeared. Black poplar seeds are characterised by short longevity. It was recently demonstrated that black poplar seeds can be successfully stored at −10°C, −20°C and −196°C for at least 2 years but not at higher temperatures. In the present study, the role of oxidative stress in determining the level of viability of black poplar seeds stored at −196°C, −20°C, −10°C, −3°C and 3°C for 3 months, 1 year and 2 years was monitored. The superoxide anion radicals (O2–•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased during storage and had an impact on membrane integrity as determined by changes in the content of fatty acids and phospholipids and increases in electrolyte leakage. The level of non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was also investigated. The level of O2–• was strongly correlated with the level of seed germination after 1 and 2 years of storage. This was accompanied by changes in the redox potential, as well as changes in the content of linoleic acid and phosphatydiloglycerol over the same period of time. In particular, the deleterious effect of H2O2 was observed after 2 years of storage when its accumulation was highly correlated with changes in the composition of fatty acids and phospholipids. Despite increased activity of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes, the level of reducing agents was insufficient and seeds exhibited large increases in the redox potential when stored at −3°C and still higher when stored at 3°C. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that oxidative stress increases during seed storage, especially at the warmer temperatures and injures seed tissues; resulting in a loss of viability.

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