scholarly journals Alan Mozley: An American malacologist in Siberia (1932–1933)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Vinarski
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siberian Species ◽  
Made In

The history of malacological exploration of Siberia, made in 1932 and 1933 by the malacologist Alan Mozley, then affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution, USA, is given, with a discussion of his contribution to the knowledge of taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of freshwater and terrestrial molluscs of Northern Asia. The type specimens of the Siberian species and subspecies, described as new by Mozley, are illustrated, with remarks on the current taxonomic status of these taxa. A social-historical context of Mozley’s trip to Stalin’s Russia is also provided, including its connection to the prosecution of Nikolay Vavilov, a key opponent of “Lysenkoism”.

Checklist of the freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mongolia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4317 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAXIM V. VINARSKI ◽  
DMITRY M. PALATOV ◽  
VADIM V. MARINSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central South ◽  
Made In

The paper is the first illustrated check-list of the freshwater Gastropoda of the state of Mongolia. The authors examined their own samplings made in 2009–2012 as well as collections of other explorers and zoological museums (mostly those of Russia). In total, 35 nominal species of four families (Valvatidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, and Planorbidae) have been included into annotated list, with remarks on their distribution, ecology, taxonomic status, and nomenclature. All species are illustrated by pictures of their shells (including some type specimens). The fauna of freshwater Gastropoda of Mongolia is taxonomically impoverished as compared to the fauna of southern Siberia and other adjacent areas. In particular, no representatives of such families as Acroloxidae and Bithyniidae were found to live there as well as no species of Anisus, Aplexa, Planorbarius, Planorbis, Stagnicola and some other genera of aquatic snails broadly distributed in Palearctic. From the zoogeographic point of view, the recent fauna of aquatic Gastropoda of Mongolia consists of species belonging to three diversification centers—northwestern Palearctic, Siberian, and Central-South Asian. The only species endemic to Mongolia is Choanomphalus mongolicus inhabiting the Hövsgöl Lake. A brief history of formation of the recent Mongolian fauna of freshwater snails is provided. 

An annotated catalog of types of Neotropical Pierinae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1022 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANISLAV P. ABADJIEV
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Synonym

A catalog of the type material of 59 taxa of Neotropical Pierinae housed in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, is presented. Each entry includes the species-group name, the original combination quoted from the original publication, the type locality, the type specimens with their labels, and notes about current taxonomic status. One new synonym has been established, Euterpe dysoni Doubleday, 1847 = Leodonta marginata Schaus, 1902. Lectotypes are designated for 5 species group taxa: Archonias intermedia Schaus, 1913, Hesperocharis jaliscana Schaus, 1898, H. paranensis Schaus, 1898, Pieris sublineata Schaus, 1902, and P. limona Schaus, 1913.

Soil classification in New Zealand - Legacy and lessons

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Regional Correlation ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intensive Land Use ◽  
Made In

A brief review of the history of soil classification in New Zealand is made in order to place the most recent work in its historical context. The first comprehensive system was inspired by the Russian concepts of zonality, and was published as the New Zealand Genetic Soil Classification by Taylor in 1948. It may be regarded as a grand soil-landscape model that related soil classes to environmental factors. Although successful in stimulating the reconnaissance survey of New Zealand soils, it failed to support the requirements of more intensive land use. Soil Taxonomy was tested as an alternative modem system for a period of 5 years but was found to make inadequate provision for important classes of New Zealand soils. The New Zealand Soil Classification was developed using many of the features of Soil Taxonomy while preserving successful parts of the New Zealand Genetic Soil Classification. Historical lessons include the increasing importance of electronic databases and regional correlation, the importance of nomenclature, the necessity of a national system and the divorce of soil classification from soil-landscape modelling.

A review of the genus Lepidosperma Labill. (Cyperaceae: Schoeneae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Barrett ◽  
Karen L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nomen Novum ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Made In

Species diversity in the genus Lepidosperma Labill. is much greater than previously thought. On the basis of morphological and molecular data, we currently recognise 73 named species (mainly in Australia), with many more species yet to be described. As a precursor to a complete revision, we review the names published in Lepidosperma. All published names at infrageneric, specific and infraspecific rank are typified and their current taxonomic status is indicated. Brief distribution notes are given for the 73 named species recognised. We also give a list of names referrable to other genera. A summary of the taxonomic history of the genus is provided, as well as notes on the specimens collected by early collectors in Australia. Three new combinations are made in Lepidosperma: L. asperatum (Kük.) R.L.Barrett, L. neozelandicum (Kük.) R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson and L. rigidulum (Kük.) K.L.Wilson. L. sanguinolentum K.L.Wilson is a nomen novum based on L. drummondii var. floribundum Kük. Lectotypes are designated for eight infrageneric names and for 39 specific and infraspecific names, including the following: L. angustifolium Hook.f., L. angustatum R.Br., L. angustatum var. curvispiculum Benth., L. australe (A.Rich.) Hook.f., L. benthamianum C.B.Clarke, L. brunonianum Nees, L. brunonianum var. binuciferum Kük., L. canescens Boeckeler, L. carphoides Benth., L. concavum var. pyramidatum Benth., L. confine Nees, L. costale Nees, L. costale var. densispicatum Kük., L. drummondii Benth., L. effusum Benth., L. forsythii A.A.Ham., L. gladiatum Labill., L. globosum Labill., L. inops F.Muell. ex Rodway, L. laterale var. angustum Benth., L. laterale var. majus Benth., L. leptophyllum Benth., L. leptostachyum Benth., L. leptostachyum var. asperatum Kük., L. muelleri Boeckeler, L. neesii Kunth, L. perplanum Guillaumin, L. perteres C.B.Clarke, L. pruinosum Kük., L. pruinosum var. rigidulum Kük., L. quadrangulatum A.A.Ham., L. resinosum var. pleianthemum Kük., L. scabrum Nees, L. scabrum var. effusum Benth., L. sieberi Kunth, L. squamatum Labill., L. tenue Benth., L. viscidum R.Br. and L. viscidum var. subpyramidale Kük. Twenty-two excluded names are listed and new combinations are provided in Tricostularia for L. aphyllum R.Br. and L. exsul C.B.Clarke. A lectotype is selected for L. pauciflorum F.Muell. (= Tricostularia pauciflora (F.Muell.) Benth.).

scholarly journals Molecular genetic diversity of seaweeds morphologically related to Ulva rigida at three sites along the French Atlantic coast

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11966
Author(s):  
Manon Dartois ◽  
Eric Pante ◽  
Amélia Viricel ◽  
Vanessa Becquet ◽  
Pierre-Guy Sauriau
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Ulva Rigida ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ulva Fenestrata ◽  
Ulva Australis ◽  
History Of

Foliose species of the genus Ulva are notoriously difficult to identify due to their variable morphological characteristics and high phenotypic plasticity. We reassessed the taxonomic status of several distromatic foliose Ulva spp., morphologically related to Ulva rigida, using DNA barcoding with the chloroplastic tufA and rbcL (for a subset of taxa) genes for 339 selected attached Ulva specimens collected from three intertidal rocky sites. Two of the collection sites were in Brittany and one site was in Vendée, along the Atlantic coast of France. Molecular analyses included several museum specimens and the holotype of Ulva armoricana Dion, Reviers & Coat. We identified five different tufA haplotypes using a combination of phylogenetic analysis, with the support of several recently sequenced holotypes and lectotypes, and a species delimitation method based on hierarchical clustering. Four haplotypes were supported by validly named species: Ulva australis Areschoug, Ulva fenestrata Postels & Ruprecht, Ulva lacinulata (Kützing) Wittrock and U. rigida C. Agardh. The later was additionally investigated using rbcL. The fifth haplotype represented exact sequence matches to an unnamed species from European Atlantic coasts. Our results support: (1) the synonymy of both U. rigida sensu Bliding non C. Agardh and U. armoricana with U. lacinulata. This finding is based on current genetic analysis of tufA from the U. armoricana holotype and recent molecular characterization of the lectotype of U. laetevirens, which is synonymous to U. australis, (2) the presence of U. australis as a misidentified introduced species in Brittany, and (3) the presence of U. fenestrata and U. rigida in southern Brittany. The taxonomic history of each species is discussed, highlighting issues within distromatic foliose taxa of the genus Ulva and the need to genetically characterize all its available type specimens.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSEUM IN ANTEBELLUM U.S. WESTERN TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION: UNDERSTANDING THE RELEVANCE OF COLLECTING FOSSILS AND THEIR CONSERVATION TO SOLVING LONG-STANDING GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC PROBLEMS—PART 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-145
Author(s):  
JOSEPH H. HARTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
National Museum ◽  
General State ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Yellowstone River ◽  
Pivotal Moments ◽  
Geologic Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All

The determination of pivotal moments in the history of a discipline of science can depend on the perspective of the observer. This narrative notes the importance of antebellum institutions in fostering research, research communication, and the potential for fossil conservation. The Smithsonian Institution (U.S. National Museum = National Museum of Natural History) provided a federal umbrella for fossil collection and curation when one was needed. However, along with other institutions, the success record of conserved fossil continental mollusks prior to 1855 is abysmal. Fossils from the first (Frémont in 1843), second (Harris–Audubon in 1843), and third (Evans–Shumard in 1853) expeditions to collect specimens are all now missing. As a clue to the general state of confusion one, terrestrial snail named by Hall and Meek (1855) was misplaced for over a century, but was recently found. Continental molluscan fossils should have served as temporal and environmental landmarks in the construction of geologic maps produced in the 1850s by Hitchcock, Marcou, Rogers, and Hall and Lesley. However, except for the Hall and Lesley map, they did not. Fossil information was published and available, but many fossils were not accessible. The Smithsonian was the recipient of Hayden's fossils and natural science specimens collected in 1854 and 1855. Hayden's fossils and observations resulted in numerous publications, not the least of which were those by Meek and Hayden in 1856 and 1857. For reasons that remain unknown, a number of type specimens (and associated material) used to describe species in 1856 were replaced by Meek in his 1876a monograph, when Meek and Hayden upper Missouri and Yellowstone River species were finally illustrated. Thus, undeclared neotypes have been masquerading as holotypes or members of syntypic (cotypic) series. Meek and Hayden entered the field of western territorial geological studies with only the preconceptions of geology not particularly relevant to what they were about to see. Their claim to fame was not subtle—they published based on observations and specimens. In almost all ways that were important, they were starting from scratch.

scholarly journals Icon-Pendant with an Image of the Saint Warrior-Horseman from the Excavation of the Mangup’s Palace. Old Rus’ or Byzantium?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Valery Naumenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Research Site ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Made In

Introduction. The article is devoted to the icon-pendant with the image of the horseman St. George the Warrior, discovered in 2020 in the cultural horizon of the late 13th–14th centuries at the research site of the Mangup’s Princely Palace. Methods. The study is complex. The traditional methods of art history analysis and the method of analogies, widely used in archaeological science, are used in the description and attribution of the sign icon. The dating of the product is established using one of the most important stratigraphic methods in archaeology. In explaining the historical context of the find, the available data from archaeological and narrative sources on the history and culture of Mangup at the end of the 13th–14th centuries are used. Analysis. The value of the icon, in addition to its clear archaeological context and the iconographic type of the holy rider-triumphant, which is rare for Byzantine applied art, lies in the expansion of our source base on the spread of the cult of St. George in the Late Byzantine period of the history of South-Western Crimea, represented before that mainly by the churches of Eski-Kermen and Mangup. Results. Despite the general proximity of the iconography and the technique of making the Mangup find and numerous similar products from the territory of Old Rus, there is no reason to consider it as an icon-pendant of Ancient-Russian origin. The conducted research definitely indicates a weak study of this category of Christian objects of personal piety on the territory of Byzantium, the lack of their cataloging and the study of special issues. In this regard, the conclusion that the icon belongs to the number of finds of the Byzantine circle from the cultural layer of the Mangup settlement, made in one of the provincialbyzantine centers, seems to be the most objective.

Chinghiz Khan's First Invasion of the Chin Empire

1943 ◽  
Vol 75 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 182-216
Author(s):  
H. Desmond Martin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

In recent years the advances made in the study of nomad history have done much to dispel the popular misconception of Chinghiz Khan. Carried away by the great conqueror's feats of arms, writers have frequently treated him as a political phenomenon, unique and apart from the current of history to which he properly belongs. In reality his career constitutes the most outstanding chapter in the history of the nomads of Northern Asia. Surpassing the most famous of his predecessors, he outstripped the greatest of the Hsiung-nu and Turkish rulers and left behind a name that is a household word from China to the Danube. Of all his exploits, none has impressed the Occident so much as his invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire. This, with its tremendous consequences for the world of Islam and Eastern Europe, has tended to draw attention away from his wars in China. Also it is only since the labours of M. Pelliot and other distinguished Sinologists that many valuable Chinese documents on Chinghiz Khan have become known.

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

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