scholarly journals Comparison of Caffeine versus Theophylline for apnea of prematurity

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Zulqarnain ◽  
Muddasser Hussain ◽  
Khalid Munir Suleri ◽  
Zafar Ali Ch.
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Hospital Ethics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Apnea Of Prematurity ◽  
Open Access Article

Objective: To make a comparison between standard doses of theophylline and caffeine for the treatment of apnea of prematurity. Methods: A randomised control trail was conducted in Department of Pediatrics Medicine Govt. Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College and Govt. Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot over duration of one year from August 2017 to August 2018 after approval from the hospital ethics committee. An informed consent in the form of written document was also taken from the parents of each infant participating in the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Mean and SD was calculated for numerical data like gestational age and mean concentration of caffeine and theophylline. Frequency and percentages were calculated for categorical data like nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), supplemental oxyen and intrventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade I. Student t-test was applied in order to determine the significance of results. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 100 infants were enrolled in this study. This study was further divided into two equal groups by lottery method i.e. 50% in each, treated with Theophylline and Caffeine respectively. Mean apnea events/day in neonates administrated by theophylline was 1±0.1, 2±0.12, 2±1.1, 1±0.10 and 2±o.12 for 0, 1-3, 4-7, 8-14 and 15-21 days respectively. While, the mean apnea events/day in neonates administrated by Caffeine was 2±0.3, 1±0.22, 2±1.5, 1±0.13 and 2±0.14 for 0, 1-3, 4-7, 8-14 and 15-21 days respectively. The differences were statistically significant for 1-3 days and 4-7 days p<0.05 according to student t test. Conclusion: Results of our study revealed that caffeine being more effective than Theophylline for treating apnea of prematurity. How to cite this:Zulqarnain A, Hussain M, Suleri KM, Ali Ch. Z. Comparison of Caffeine versus Theophylline for apnea of prematurity. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.94 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Emerging resistance of van genotype in enterococci: A potential menace for therapeutic failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ejaz
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Therapeutic Failure ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Open Access Article

Objectives: Emerging cases of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are detrimental for the patients. The current study aimed to ascertain the occurrence of VRE, their antibiogram and the van genotype responsible for vancomycin resistance. Methods: A total number of 2,958 clinical specimens were processed at Microbiology Department of the Alrazi Health Care, Lahore during the one year (2016-2017) using microbiological culture media, biochemical and serology. Antibiogram of enterococcal strains was performed using disc diffusion and E-test. ATCC Enterococcus faecalis 29212 was used as a quality control strain. The detection of van genotypes was accomplished by multiplex PCR assay. Results: Out of the 147 enterococci, 139 (94.6%) were E. faecalis, and 8 (5.4%) were E. faecium. Statistically significant associations of urine (p < 0.001), pus (p < 0.001) and wound swabs (p = 0.001) were observed with E. faecalis. A significant correlation of enterococcal infections (p = 0.05) was seen with female patients. Four (2.9%) strains of E. faecalis found to be VRE with vanB (75%) and vanA (25%) genotypes. Conclusion: The emerging strains of VRE (vanB and vanA genotype) in the current study are a potential menace for therapeutic failure, which left the physicians with only linezolid as a therapeutic option. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1145 How to cite this:Ejaz H. Emerging resistance of van genotype in enterococci: A potential menace for therapeutic failure. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1659-1663. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1145 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Exploration of constructs of professionalism identified in the ABIM framework as perceived by the faculty fitting the Pakistani context

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Fayyaz Khan ◽  
Raheela Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Open Access Article

Objective: Domains of professionalism are well-described in the literature. Examining the elements of Professionalism in the local context have received less attention from education experts. The aim of the study was to explore the construct of professionalism as perceived by the faculty that fitted the Pakistani context identified in the ABIM framework of professionalism. Methods: This qualitative ethnographic research was conducted involving nine participants from Islamic International Medical College in Riphah University Islamabad. A four hours Focus Group Discussion was undertaken to explore the views of the faculty. The focus group session was audiotaped, transcribed and technique of triangulation was employed. Shortened meaningful unit (SMU) were identified from the transcribed data and analyzed to make codes for themes for the behaviors. Forty-six meaningful units were categorized and codes were identified. The themes were identified under the domains of the ABIM frameworks for the Pakistani context. Results: The participants listed 2-8 elements for each domain of the framework describing the professional conduct which lead to 140 shortened meaningful units. These were organized into 46 higher order codes. Conclusions: The study concludes that that ABIM framework can be used to build consensus regarding the domains of professionalism. No difference was found cross contextually regarding the domains of ABIM framework of professionalism. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1573 How to cite this:Khan HF, Yasmeen R. Exploration of constructs of professionalism identified in the ABIM framework as perceived by the faculty fitting the Pakistani context. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1573 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcome in Infertility Patient with Endometriosis Cyst after Laparoscopic Cystectomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Eka R Gunardi ◽  
Duta A Tritama ◽  
Luky Satria ◽  
Herbert Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Laparoscopic Procedure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Keywords Endometriosis ◽  
Laparoscopic Cystectomy ◽  
One Year

Objective: To investigate about the rate of pregnancy in womenwho had undergone laparoscopic cystectomy.Methods: This was a retrospective study. Data were taken from themedical records of patients with infertility in Fatmawati Hospital,Jakarta, Indonesia. Data then analyze to know is there anyassociation between age, infertility duration, bilaterality of the cyst,tubal patensy, r-AFS stage with pregnancy rate.Results: A total of 64 subjects were recruited in this study. Therewere 23 subjects (35.9%) that got pregnant within one year afterundergoing laparoscopic procedure. Those who were 35 years oldor less had a greater chance to get pregnant (p = 0.01, OR = 6.75),duration of infertility  3 years had a greater chance to getpregnant with OR = 3.2 and p value = 0.032, r-AFS stage II and IIIhad a greater chance to get pregnant to with (p = 0.04, OR = 3.25and 4.25).Conclusion: The pregnancy rate after laparoscopic procedure is35.9% in this study. There are correlation between age, durationof infertility, and r-AFS staging with pregnancy rate.[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 6-1: 34-38]Keywords: endometriosis, infertility, laparoscopy, pregnancy

Knowledge and perception of Sepsis among Doctors in Karachi Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (ICON-2022) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Ahmed ◽  
Lubna Abbasi ◽  
Fivzia Herekar ◽  
Ahsun Jiwani ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Patel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Networks ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Open Access Article

Objectives: To assess knowledge and perception among Pakistani physicians towards sepsis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Indus Hospital and Health Networks from September 2020 to March 2021. The International Sepsis Survey questionnaire was adapted, and its link was sent to trainee physicians as well as specialists, and consultants practicing in various hospitals via social media. Knowledge and perception were scored and 50% was considered the cut-off score for adequacy. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Analysis was done on 222 respondents who completed the survey. 37.9% of the participants had adequate knowledge. Knowledge regarding sepsis was significantly associated with specialty, ICU/CCU/HDU, and work experience (P-value <0.0001). More recent trainee physicians and those with more experience in critical care areas demonstrated better knowledge. Over 2/3rd of the respondents strongly agreed that sepsis remains one of the unmet needs in critical care today. Conclusion: A common belief exists that sepsis remains a challenge to treat among doctors. Moreover, there is consensus that it is the most frequently miss diagnosed condition in critical care and a dire need exists for its early diagnosis. Additionally, prompt management of presumed sepsis is imperative to improve outcomes. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5775 How to cite this:Ahmed F, Abbasi L, Herekar F, Jiwani A, Patel MJ. Knowledge and perception of Sepsis among Doctors in Karachi Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):380-386. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5775 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Spectrum of primary salivary gland tumors with special emphasis on their management and outcome at a rural tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Dwaipayan Samaddar ◽  
Jaya B. Samaddar ◽  
Ahmad M. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Benign Tumours

Background: Salivary gland tumors (SGT) are uncommon tumors of diverse histopathology accounting for <2% of all neoplasms. Early diagnosis differentiates between benign and malignant SGT and less extensive surgical procedure can be performed. The objective is to study the spectrum of primary SGT with special emphasis on their distribution, treatment and outcome at a rural tertiary care centre.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 30 consecutive primary SGT patients attending the Departments of Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital over a period of one and half years. All patients were clinically evaluated, investigated, treated accordingly and followed up during the period of study. Data was collected and compiled in Excel sheet and analysed using GraphPad Software and GraphPad QuickCalcs 2018 (San Diego, CA). A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Maximum patients (83.3%) were in the age range of 31-60 years. The male to female ratio was 1:4 for benign tumours and 1:1 for malignant tumours. Malignant cases were 66.67%. Involvement of parotid gland was the commonest (43.3%) and mostly presented with swelling (73.3%). Pleomorphic salivary adenoma was the commonest benign tumor (33.3%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest malignant tumor (16.7%). Permanent facial palsy was observed in 2 (9.5%) and recurrence in 4 patients (19%).Conclusions: SGT are rare and present in various modes. Malignant cases were singularly more in this study.

scholarly journals Mortality Profile of Critical Patients in Medical Intensive Care Unit of Government Medical College of Central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Tiwari ◽  
Sumit Rawat ◽  
Anju Jha ◽  
Ramesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Medical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Central India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medical Intensive Care ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Mortality rate is always very high in Intensive Care Units (ICU) even with the best possible set ups, we should try to cater the need of the society according to the disease burden so that better care can be provided. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of various medical disease mortality profile of critically ill patients admitted in Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) of our institution. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study done at MICU of Bundelkhand Medical College and Hospital Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India for a duration of one year (1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019). Data was retrieved from Medical Records Department (MRD) and total data of 349 deaths were registered. Disease was classified based upon ICD 10 (International Statistical classification of Diseases and related health problems) Score. Results: A total of 349 deaths occurred in MICU during the period of one year at the institution, out of which male deaths were 55.9% and Female deaths were 44.1%. MICU deaths occurred in higher numbers in males with Male: Female ratio of 1.2:1. This difference in ratio of male and female mortality was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). Mean age of males at time of death was 58.4±16.3 years whereas mean age of females were 55.2±19.7 years. This difference in mortality with age and gender was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). In present study, most common systemic causes of mortality were cardiovascular (29.8%), followed by respiratory (17.5%), renal (16.5%) and cerebrovascular diseases (13.8%). Mortality was documented in 276 (79%) individuals within duration of seven days of admission, whereas mortality in 46 (13.1%) and 27 (7.7%) cases were documented within 8 to 14 days and >14 days, respectively. The present study documented no statistically significant association between length of stay and age of patients (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes leading to mortality especially in elderly male patients. Also, higher number of deaths is reported within seven days of admission signifying severity of illness at the time of admission.

A Prospective Observational Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Plantago Major in Reducing Craving for Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Indu Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Paired Student ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background and Objectives Tobacco Dependence is a well acknowledged social and health evil. In India, 8–9 lakh persons die every year due to Tobacco related diseases Numerous studies show that tobacco cessation leads to considerable decrease in health risks posed by tobacco use. Therefore there is a need that homoeopathic medicines should be incorporated in the treatment of tobacco cessation, as it is very palatable and will have no such side effect. Moreover, there is not much documented research evidence about the usefulness of homoeopathic system of therapeutics in tobacco cessation. Main objective of the study is to ascertain the effects of Plantago major in modifying craving for Tobacco. Methods Prospective study was conducted in randomly selected 30 patients attending the outpatient, inpatient of Bakson Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital. Adults of age group 15–60 who showed tobacco dependence were included in the study. In this study cases were reviewed in every 2 weeks. Outcome of study were measured by fagerstrom test score changes. Result It was noted that out of 30 cases, 27(90%) cases showed change in Tobacco dependence, 3(10%) cases didn’t show any change. To assess this change in tobacco dependence fagerstrom test score of patients before and after treatment were taken into consideration. The statistical analysis was done using the paired t test. Significance was accepted at p value < 0.05 to assess differences before and after taking medicine. Baseline Mean ± SD FTND was 6.93 ± 1.41 which improved to 5.33 ± 1.32 after treatment. A paired student t test showed that the above changes were statistically significant (p < 0.005) which shows a significant reduction in patient’s tobacco dependence. p-Value is < 0.001 which is significant this shows that Plantago major has effect in reducing craving for tobacco. Conclusion These results confirm the age old observations of homoeopathic stalwarts regarding the use of Plantago Major in reducing craving for tobacco especially in the present scenario when large number of tobacco users were planning or thinking of quitting tobacco use.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Planned repeat Caesarean Section and Unplanned Repeat Caesarean Section

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Jinnatun Nur ◽  
Rashida Khanom ◽  
Sumaya Akter
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
First Time

Repeat Caesarean section always carries more risk than first time caesarian delivery. In our country, antenatal care is always neglected. When this negligence occurs during subsequent pregnancy who had already goes on Caesarean section for the first pregnancy. In our study, we try to compare between the planned and unplanned repeat Caesarean section. The study was carried out at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh and Amina Nursing Home at Charpara Mymensingh. This was a retrospective case control study, There were 100 patients in Group: A, (Planned repeat Caesarean section), Group B was also consisted with 100 patients (Unplanned repeat Caesarean section). Odd ratio was measured. Odd ratio between group; A and Group: B was 2.8. The two groups were compared by their age and independent t test was carried out. Group: A. Mean ± SD 25.76 ± 4.461Group: B. Mean ± SD = 26.12 ± 5.513. By pair independent t test: P value: .076ns. So we can conclude that regular antenatal Check up is mandatory for those whose 1st delivery was conducted by Caesarean section irrespective of age and economical status.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 57-61

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SERUM HbA1c LEVEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-138
Author(s):  
Debasmita Mishra ◽  
Deshish Kumar Panda ◽  
Prasant Kumar Nanda ◽  
Saiprasanna Behera
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

This cross-sectional clinical study titled “A clinical evaluation of diabetic retinopathy and its correlation with serum HbA1c level”was conducted in Hi-Tech medical college,Bhubaneswar from September 2019 to May 2021 by taking 67 patients from ophthalmological OPD who were diagnosed as cases of diabetic retinopathy,but not taking laser therapy and not having other non-diabetic causes of retinal degeneration and having diabetic mellitus of at least one year without considering type of diabetes or treatment taken by the patients.These 67 patients diagnosed as cases of diabetic retinopathy are classified according to their severity basing upon their findings( microaneurysm, exudates, retinal hemorrhages, venous beading , IRMA, new vessels in disc or elsewhere in retina) as per ETDRS(Abbreviated early treatment diabetic retinopathy study) classification as mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, very severe NPDR, PDR. Their serum glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level of each individual in each group is detected and then mean HbA1c level of each group derived and when correlated ,we found that the mean HbA1c for mild grade of retinopathy was found to be 7.667,for moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) 8.450,for severe NPDR 9.700,for very severe NPDR 11.447 and for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(PDR) the mean HbA1c value was found to be 11.468.The P value obtained through ANOVA test for HbA1c vs. grade of diabetic retinopathy was statistically significant (Sig : 0.000).The Eta & Eta squared value for HbA1c vs grade of retinopathy was 0.695 and 0.483.So the present study reveals that more severe grades of diabetic retinopathy manifesting in patients with higher levels of HbA1c

scholarly journals Outcome of modified interlaminar decompression: A conservative decompressive surgery for lumbar spine stenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Azam ◽  
Seema Sharafat ◽  
Zahid Khan ◽  
Mumtaz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Decompressive Surgery ◽  
Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Complication Of Surgery ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of modified interlaminar decompression in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from July 2014 to June 2018. All patients with degenerative LSS who underwent modified interlaminar decompression during the study period were included in the study. The patients were followed up to one year after surgery. The data was entered into a structured questionnaire designed according to the study which was then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 182 LSS cases were included in the study and 236 levels were operated during the study period. According to the records increased prevalence of LSS was found among males i.e. 58.8%. The common level with degenerative stenosis involved was L4-5. Good to excellent outcomes were observed in 93.9% patients in the 1st follow-up visit. The most common complication of surgery was dural tear followed by wound infection. Conclusion: Modified interlaminar decompression is a conservative surgical technique, proved to be a potential approach with acceptable complications, satisfactory outcomes and it is easy to learn. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1170 How to cite this:Azam F, Sharafat S, Khan Z, Ali M. Outcome of modified interlaminar decompression: A conservative decompressive surgery for lumbar spine stenosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1170 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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