scholarly journals Quantifying satisfaction among pharmacists working in Pharmaceutical Sales or Marketing and its inferential relationship with demographics: A Cross-Sectional analysis in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hammad Butt ◽  
Shahzadi Misbah ◽  
Abrar Ahmad ◽  
Tooba Mehboob ◽  
Irfan Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Satisfaction Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sales ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objectives: To quantify satisfaction among pharmacists working in pharmaceutical sales or marketing in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists working in pharmaceutical sales and marketing during August to November, 2019. Satisfaction score of pharmacists was considered satisfied (Score > 2.5) and dissatisfied (Score < 2.5). The maximum and minimum satisfaction score was four and one for each question respectively. Results: A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 200 were received back yielding a response rate of 80%. Male respondents dominated the cohort and were more satisfied (2.60 ± 0.47) as compared to females (2.31 ± 0.48) with majority were 18-30 years old and 78% had Pharm. D level of education (2.61 ± 0.47). The mean satisfaction score of participant is 2.51 with standard deviation of 0.49. The 53% of the respondents were dissatisfied with their salaries. The study dependent and independent variables are correlated with each other and significant results were seen between them. The factors associated with dissatisfaction are fear of losing job (2.19 ± 0.88), switch job (2.20 ± 0.77) and health condition (2.09 ± 0.89). Factors associated with satisfaction are positive attitude of doctor (2.91 ± 0.60), doctor consider respectful job holder (2.91 ± 0.61), enjoy work (3.01 ± 0.65), job by choice (3.12 ± 0.67) and progress in job (3.00 ± 0.74). Conclusions: It was concluded that the respondents were dissatisfied due to number of issues including disturbance in their personal life, lack of promotion and incentives among study participants. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3447 How to cite this:Butt MH, Misbah S, Ahmad A, Mehboob T, Bashir I. Quantifying satisfaction among pharmacists working in Pharmaceutical Sales or Marketing and its inferential relationship with demographics: A Cross-Sectional analysis in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3447 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension in Hemophilia: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a National Discharge Register

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig D. Seaman ◽  
Mariya Apostolova ◽  
Jonathan Yabes ◽  
Diane M. Comer ◽  
Margaret V. Ragni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly persons resident in the community

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Araujo de Almeida ◽  
Annelita Almeida Oliveira Reiners ◽  
Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza Azevedo ◽  
Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva ◽  
Joana Darc Chaves Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Objective: to verify the prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly residents of the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso. Method: a cross-sectional study of 573 people aged 60 and over was performed. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. To investigate the association between polypharmacy and sociodemographic variables, health and access to medication, the Mantel Haenszel chi square test was used in bivariate analysis and Poisson regression was used in multivariate analysis. The significance level adopted was 5%. Result: the prevalence of polypharmacy was 10.30%. Statistically significant associations were found between polypharmacy and living with others, describing suffering from circulatory, endocrine, nutritional and digestive tract diseases, and referring to financial difficulties for the purchase of medicines. Conclusion: some social and health condition factors play an important role in the use of multiple medications among the elderly.

scholarly journals Factors associated with unsuppressed viremia in women living with HIV on lifelong ART in the multi-country US-PEPFAR PROMOTE study: A cross-sectional analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0219415
Author(s):  
Patience Atuhaire ◽  
Sherika Hanley ◽  
Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma ◽  
Jim Aizire ◽  
Lynda Stranix-Chibanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with prior contraceptive use among hospitalized obstetric patients in Kabul, Afghanistan

Contraception ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Todd ◽  
Michelle M. Isley ◽  
Malalay Ahmadzai ◽  
Pashtoon Azfar ◽  
Faridullah Atiqzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals A multidimensional cross-sectional analysis of COVID-19 seroprevalence among a police officer cohort: The PoliCOV-19 study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parham Sendi ◽  
Rossella Baldan ◽  
Marc Thierstein ◽  
Nadja Widmer ◽  
Peter Gowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Protests and police fieldwork provides a high exposure environment for SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this cross-sectional analysis, we investigated the seroprevalence among a police cohort, and sociodemographic, work and health-related factors associated with seropositivity. Methods Study participants were invited for serological testing of SARS-CoV-2 and to complete online questionnaires. Serum neutralization titres towards the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (expressing D614G) and the alpha and beta variants were measured in seropositive study participants. Results 978 police personnel representing 35% of the entire staff participated from February to March 2021. The seroprevalence was 12.9%. It varied by geographic region within the canton; ranged from 9% to 13.5% in three regions, including the city; and was 22% in Bernese Seeland/Jura with higher odds for seropositivity (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.28–4.44, P=0.006). Job roles with mainly office activity were associated with a lower risk of seropositivity (0.33, 0.14–0.77, P=0.010). Most seropositive employees (67.5%) reported having had COVID-19 three months or longer prior to serological testing. Selfreported compliance with mask wearing during working hours was 100%; 45% of all seropositive versus 5% of all seronegative participants (P&lt;0.001) reported having had contact with a proven COVID-19 case living in the same household prior to serological testing. The level of serum antibody titres correlated with neutralization capacity. Antibodies derived from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection effectively neutralized the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, but were less effective against the alpha and beta variants. Conclusions The seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of police officers was comparable to that reported in the general population, suggesting that the personal protective equipment of the police is effective, and that household contacts are the leading transmission venues. The level of serum antibody titres, in particular that of anti-spike antibodies, correlated well with neutralization capacity. Low antibody titres acquired from natural infection were not effective against variants.

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