scholarly journals Microtremor HVSR study of site effects in the urban area of the town of Mytilene, Lesvos (Greece) - Preliminary results.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
E. Bouranta ◽  
F. Vallianatos ◽  
N. J. Hatzopoulos ◽  
I. Papadopoulos ◽  
P. Gaganis
Keyword(s):  
Amplification Factor ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Predominant Frequency ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Deposits ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
Microtremor Measurement ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Microtremor Measurements

Mytilene is the capital of Lesvos, the eighth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and the largest in the North Aegean. The region of North Aegean is a geotectonically complex area, because its geodynamic status is directly affected by the North Anatolian Fault Zone. In the present paper, microtremor data have been analyzedfor the city of Mytilene using Nakamura technique of Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) to ascertain the structure in terms of the predominant frequency. 100 microtremor measurements have been performed in the city of Mytilene. At each point of microtremor measurement, the natural frequency and amplification factor have been determined. The predominant frequency varies from 0.4 Hz to 6.6 Hz. The amplification factor in 0.4-8.07 range has been obtained from the HVSR analysis. The results are presented in terms of maps, including the spatial variability of the predominant frequency and developed GIS database. The results of this study make it clear that the characteristics of microtremors depend on the type of soil deposits.

The Ford Site, a Protohistoric Station in Norton, Massachusetts

1946 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
Garden Plot ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Within the town of Norton, Massachusetts, close by the boundary between it and the city of Taunton, lies the beautiful little body of water known to this day by its Indian name of Winneconnet. This lake, fed by a system of streams from the north and west and draining southward through a complicated network of ponds, swamps, and streams into the Taunton River, seems to have been the center of a large area of Indian population in ancient times. Cultivation and other disturbances of the earth surfaces have demonstrated the existence of many sites of former Indian habitation, while numerous items in local tradition point to the fact that many Indians lived and died within the township. Hardly a garden plot that has not yielded its quota of stone implements to the collections of local “relic hunters” exists in this vicinity.

scholarly journals Peak Ground Acceleration and Earthquake Intensity Microzonation in Watukumpul, Pemalang Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Urip Nurwijayanto Prabowo ◽  
Ayu Fitri Amalia ◽  
Widodo Budhi
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Predominant Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Intensity Calculation ◽  
Microtremor Measurements

Watukumpul is located in Pemalang District, Central Java, which is adjacent to the fault seismotectonic line of Baribis fault in the north and subduction area of the Eurasian and Indies-Australian plates in the south. It makes Watukumpul often experiences an earthquake. This study aimed to map the peak ground acceleration calculated using the Kanai equation and earthquake intensity calculated using Wald equations in Watukumpul. This study used historical earthquake data occurred in 1988-April 2018 from the International Seismological Center and microtremor measurements of 33 points. Microtremor data were processed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio method and resulted the predominant period of study area ranged from 0.13 to 0.74 s. The results showed that the study area had a PGA value of 26.93 - 63.25 gal. The intensity calculation showed that the study area has the potential for earthquake damage with an III-IV MMI scale. Keywords: Kanai, Watukumpul, Intensity, Earthquake

scholarly journals Seismic Hazard and Microzonation Study of Tanjung Region, North Lombok (Indonesia) using Microtremor Measurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syamsuddin ◽  
I. Ashari ◽  
M. A. Adhi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Amplification Factor ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Frequency Characteristics ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
The North ◽  
Microtremor Measurement ◽  
Physical Quantities

Tanjung Region is one of the severely damaged areas by the Lombok earthquake on June 22, 2013. Therefore, to anticipate the similar events, it is necessary to perform microzonation in this region. Objective of this study is to map the distribution of the physical quantities related to the vulnerability of area included the frequency characteristics, amplification factor, and soil vulnerability index. The results showed that the value of the resonant frequency in this region ranged from 0.401 to 16.92 Hz. In general, the lower frequency was 0.40 to 5.91 Hz contained 87 data (71%) were located in the north of the region, which meant that that area has a high vulnerability. While based on the H/V amplitude and vulnerability index, the zone that suffered severe damage on the earthquake of June 22, 2013, showed a different uncertainty of amplification and vulnerability index value.Wilayah Tanjung adalah salah satu daerah yang mengalami rusak parah akibat gempa Lombok pada tanggal 22 Juni 2013. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengantisipasi kejadian serupa, maka perlu untuk melakukan mikrozonasi di daerah tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan distribusi besaran fisis yang terkait dengan kerentanan suatu daerah terhadap gempa bumi yang meliputi frekuensi respon, amplitudo getaran tanah dan indeks kerentanan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai frekuensi resonansi di wilayah ini berkisar antara 0,401-16,92 Hz. Secara umum, frekuensi respon di daerah ini rendah yaitu 0,40-5,91 Hz dengan jumlah 87 data (71%) yang terletak di utara dari wilayah tersebut, yang berarti bahwa bagian utara wilayah memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi. Meskipun berdasarkan nilai amplitudo H/V dan indeks kerentanan, daerah yang mengalami kerusakan parah saat gempa 22 Juni 2013 menunjukkan pola amplifikasi dan indeks kerentanan yang sangat tidak biasa.

scholarly journals Mikrozonasi di Daerah Plampang, Nusa Tenggara Barat

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Eko Rudi Iswanto ◽  
Theo Alvin Riyanto ◽  
Hadi Suntoko
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
Microtremor Measurement

ABSTRAK Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) merupakan daerah dengan aktivitas kegempaan yang tinggi. Fenomena ini disebabkan oleh adanya aktivitas tektonik sebagai akibat pertemuan Lempeng Eurasia-Australia (zona subduksi) di bagian selatan dan Sesar Flores di bagian utara serta adanya keberadaan sesar-sesar lokal. Terkait dengan rencana pengembangan kawasan Samota di Pulau Sumbawa, NTB, perlu dilakukan suatu kajian kegempaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan indeks kerentanan seismik (Kg) melalui pengukuran mikrotremor dengan analisis menggunakan metode Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR). Hasil penelitian berupa peta kerentanan seismik daerah Plampang yang menunjukkan bahwa sisi utara lokasi penelitian memiliki indeks kerentanan seismik rendah yang ditandai dengan nilai amplifikasi kurang dari tiga jika dibandingkan daerah lainnya. Geologi sisi utara lokasi penelitian tersusun oleh batuan gunung api dengan karakteristik batuan keras, ketebalan sedimen sangat tipis, dan tersusun atas batuan Tersier atau lebih tua. Peta kerentanan seismik berguna sebagai acuan dalam mitigasi gempa bumi untuk mengurangi risiko yang ditimbulkan. ABSTRACT Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province is an area with intense seismic activity. This phenomenon is caused by tectonic activity as the result of the convergency of the Eurasia-Australia Plates (subduction zone) in the south and the Flores Fault in the north as well as the presence of local faults. Regarding the plan to develop the Samota area in Sumbawa Island, NTB, a study concerning earthquakes should be done. The purpose of this study is to map the seismic vulnerability index (Kg) through microtremor measurement by using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) analysis method. The result of the study is a seismic vulnerability map of the Plampang area which its northern part has a low seismic vulnerability index indicated by the amplification factor value of less than three compared to other areas. The geology of the northern part of the Plampang area consists of volcanic rocks which has hard rock characteristic, very thin sediment thickness, and composed of Tertiary or older rocks. Seismic vulnerability maps can be useful as a reference for earthquake mitigation to reduce its risks.

scholarly journals Microzonation of Cisarua District Using Horizontal Vertical Spectral Ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Elrangga Ibrahim Fattah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amplification Factor ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Hvsr Method ◽  
Microtremor Measurement ◽  
Tectonic System

The Bandung region is part of the framework of the Indonesian tectonic system, namely the tectonic plate meeting zone, where the Indo Autralia plate is infiltrated under the Eurasian plate in a convergent manner. The subduction process produces an effect in the form of an active fault geological structure in the Bandung area. One of these active faults is the Lembang Fault, which has a length of ± 29 kilometers and a shear acceleration of 3 to 5.5 millimeters per year. The microtremor measurement method is a passive geophysical method that utilizes natural subsurface vibrations so that it can provide dominant frequency data and amplification factors for soil layers. Based on the results of seismic susceptibility research using microtremor measurements using the HVSR method in the Lembang Fault zone in Cisarua Sub-District, it can be seen that the distribution of the dominant frequency values tends to be influenced by lithology and topography. In the research area, it is known to have a dominant frequency value that varies due to the different types of lithological units. In general, the dominant frequency ranges from 1-3 Hz because it is dominated by tuff sand and tuff pumice, and areas composed of volcanic breccias have a dominant frequency value between 3-6 Hz. Meanwhile, the amplification factor value will be influenced by rock deformation and weathering. The area that has a very high amplification factor value is in the southeast of the study area with an A0 value greater than 5. This indicates that the area is composed of a layer of thick and not dense tuff sand

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN-SHIELDS’ PLANNING IN BISHOPRICS OF LIVONIA DURING THE 13TH–14TH CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Temple Mount ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Traditions of the Christianity centres’ formation can be found in Jerusalem’s oldest part where instead of domestic inhabitants’ dwellings the second king of Israel (around 1005 BC–965 BC) David built his residence on a top of the Temple Mount surrounded by deep valleys. His fortress – the City of David protected from the north side by inhabitants’ stone buildings on a slope was an unassailable public and spiritual centre that northwards extended up to the Ophel used for the governance. David’s son, king of Israel (around 970–931 BC) Solomon extended the fortified urban area where Templum Solomonis was built. In Livonia, Bishop Albrecht obtained spacious areas, where he established bishoprics and towns. At foothills, residential building of inhabitants like shields guarded Bishop’s residence. The town-shield was the Dorpat Bishopric’s centre Dorpat and the Ösel–Wiek Bishopric’s centre Haapsalu. The town of Hasenpoth in the Bishopric of Courland (1234–1583) was established at subjugated lands inhabited by the Cours: each of bishopric's urban structures intended to Bishop and the Canonical Chapter was placed separately in their own village. The main subject of research: the town-shields’ planning in Livonia. Research problem: the development of town-shields’ planning at bishoprics in Livonia during the 13th and 14th century have been studied insufficiently. Historians in Latvia often do not take into account studies of urban planning specialists on historical urban planning. Research goal: to determine common and distinctive features of town-shield design in bishoprics of Livonia. Research novelty: town-shield plans of Archbishop’s and their vassals’ residences and capitals in Livonian bishoprics subjected to the Riga Archbishopric are analyzed. Results: study formation of Livonian town-shields’ layout and structure of the 13th and 14th centuries. Main methods: inspection of town-shields in nature, analysis of archive documents, projects, cartographic materials.  

The moderate size 2019 September Mw 5.8 Silivri earthquake unveils the complexity of the Main Marmara Fault shear zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayrullah Karabulut ◽  
Sezim Ezgi Güvercin ◽  
Figen Eskiköy ◽  
Ali Özgun Konca ◽  
Semih Ergintav
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Stress Increase ◽  
The North ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

SUMMARY The unbroken section of the North Anatolian Fault beneath the Sea of Marmara is a major source of seismic hazard for the city of İstanbul. The northern and currently the most active branch, the Main Marmara Fault (MMF), is segmented within a shear zone and exhibits both partially creeping and locked behaviour along its 150 km length. In 2019 September, a seismic activity initiated near MMF, off-coast the town of Silivri, generating 14 earthquakes ≥ Mw 3.5 in a week. The Mw 5.8 Silivri earthquake, is the largest in the Marmara Sea since the 1963 Mw 6.3 Çınarcık earthquake. Our analyses reveal that the activity started in a narrow zone (∼100 m) and spread to ∼7 km following an Mw 4.7 foreshock within ∼2 d. The distribution of relocated aftershocks and the focal mechanisms computed from regional waveforms reveal that the Mw 5.8 earthquake did not occur on the MMF, but it ruptured ∼60° north-dipping oblique strike-slip fault with significant thrust component located on the north of the MMF. Finite-fault slip model of the main shock shows 8 km long rupture with directivity toward east, where the ruptured fault merges to the MMF. The narrow depth range of the slip distribution (10–13 km) and the aftershock zone imply that the causative fault is below the deep sedimentary cover of the Marmara Basin. The distribution of aftershocks of the Mw 5.8 event is consistent with Coulomb stress increase. The stress changes along MMF include zones of both stress decrease due to clamping and right-lateral slip, and stress increase due to loading.

‘How Dare they Leave all this Unexcavated!’: Continuing to Discover Roman Bath

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Town

The frustrated cry of the young Barry Cunliffe has an odd echo in these days of preservation in situ. Sitting in the Roman Baths on his first visit as a schoolboy in 1955, he was astonished at how much was unknown about the Baths, despite their international reputation: large areas ‘surrounded by big question marks . . . all around . . . the word ‘‘unexcavated’’ ’ (Cunliffe 1984: xiii; figure 1). His later understanding of the realities and constraints of excavation only sharpened his desire to know more. Now, fifty years on and more, due in large part to that drive to know, his curiosity, we can claim to have made as much progress in our understanding of the baths and the city around them as had occurred in all the years before his visit, a history of archaeological enquiry stretching back over 400 years. In 1955 the baths were much as they had been discovered in the 1880s and 1890s. They were not well understood. The town, or city, or whatever surrounded it, were almost completely unknown, or at best, misunderstood. It was still possible in that year to argue that the temple of Sulis Minerva was on the north of the King’s Bath, not, as records of earlier discoveries made clear, on the west (Richmond and Toynbee 1955). Yet as the young Cunliffe sat and mused, the archaeological world was beginning to take note and a modern excavation campaign was beginning; indeed had begun: Professor Ian Richmond, in a short eight years to become a colleague, had started ‘his patient and elegant exploration of the East Baths’ the summer before (Cunliffe 1969: v). Richmond initiated a small number of very limited investigations into the East Baths, elucidating a tangle of remains that, while clearly the result of a succession of alterations and archaeological phases, had never been adequately analysed. Richmond’s main aim was to understand the developmental history of the baths, and this approach, combined with a thoughtful and thorough study of the rest of the remains, led to a still broadly accepted phasing and functional analysis (Cunliffe 1969).

Guayaquil Through Independence: Urban Development in a Colonial System

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Conniff
Keyword(s):  
Large Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Racially Mixed ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

In the 1530’s, as Mexico and then Peru began sending eastward the treasure which would so profoundly affect European life, the town of Guayaquil was established on the coast of present-day Ecuador. During the next three centuries Guayaquil developed into a society fundamentally different from and even antithetical to those of the great highland capitals. Agriculture, industry, and commerce, rather than mining, became the mainstays of Guayaquil’s economy. The decline of indigenous population on the coast and an influx of free Negroes from the north rendered an egalitarian and racially mixed people of low social differentiation. Cacao grown on the coastal lowlands provided the thrust for a wide range of trade and manufacturing activities. Yet tensions between location on a main imperial trade route and the stifling commercial control of nearby Lima resolved into a rough-and-tumble political system which thrived on contraband and autonomy. By the early nineteenth century Guayaquil had achieved a large measure of independence from Spain, and it played an important role in the liberation movements of western South America. After sketching the early development of the city, we will examine in some detail the system of labor and production in Guayaquil during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Then the city’s precocious autonomy within the colonial system will be discussed, prior to a concluding assessment of the social outcomes of Guayaquil’s development by the time of Independence.

scholarly journals Historical prose about the epoch of Peter I into Arkhangelsk local text: novels "Peter I" by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy and "Young Russia" by Yuri German

2019 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Anastasiya S. Dymchenko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The North ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
West European

The article deals with the image of Arkhangelsk presented in the historical novels about the epoch of Peter I: "Peter I" by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy and "Young Russia" by Yuri German. The article describes the regular appeal of Soviet writers of the 1930s – 1940s to the reforms of Peter the Great and the necessity of introduction of the image of the City of Arkhangelsk and the chronotope of the Russian North into the narration of the historical novels about Peter I. Moreover, the paper analyses the differences in the approach to representation of Arkhangelsk by A.N. Tolstoy and Yuri German. Creative reinterpretation of the town by A.N. Tolstoy enhances the idea of confl ict between West-European progress and old-Russian stagnation expressed in his novel, while preserving the ancestral traditions of shipbuilding in the North is of primary importance to Yuri German. Besides, the continuity between the novel by Yuri German and fl ash fi ction of Boris Shergin is retraced in the article.

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