scholarly journals Historical prose about the epoch of Peter I into Arkhangelsk local text: novels "Peter I" by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy and "Young Russia" by Yuri German

2019 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Anastasiya S. Dymchenko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The North ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
West European

The article deals with the image of Arkhangelsk presented in the historical novels about the epoch of Peter I: "Peter I" by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy and "Young Russia" by Yuri German. The article describes the regular appeal of Soviet writers of the 1930s – 1940s to the reforms of Peter the Great and the necessity of introduction of the image of the City of Arkhangelsk and the chronotope of the Russian North into the narration of the historical novels about Peter I. Moreover, the paper analyses the differences in the approach to representation of Arkhangelsk by A.N. Tolstoy and Yuri German. Creative reinterpretation of the town by A.N. Tolstoy enhances the idea of confl ict between West-European progress and old-Russian stagnation expressed in his novel, while preserving the ancestral traditions of shipbuilding in the North is of primary importance to Yuri German. Besides, the continuity between the novel by Yuri German and fl ash fi ction of Boris Shergin is retraced in the article.

The Ford Site, a Protohistoric Station in Norton, Massachusetts

1946 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
Garden Plot ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Within the town of Norton, Massachusetts, close by the boundary between it and the city of Taunton, lies the beautiful little body of water known to this day by its Indian name of Winneconnet. This lake, fed by a system of streams from the north and west and draining southward through a complicated network of ponds, swamps, and streams into the Taunton River, seems to have been the center of a large area of Indian population in ancient times. Cultivation and other disturbances of the earth surfaces have demonstrated the existence of many sites of former Indian habitation, while numerous items in local tradition point to the fact that many Indians lived and died within the township. Hardly a garden plot that has not yielded its quota of stone implements to the collections of local “relic hunters” exists in this vicinity.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN-SHIELDS’ PLANNING IN BISHOPRICS OF LIVONIA DURING THE 13TH–14TH CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Temple Mount ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Traditions of the Christianity centres’ formation can be found in Jerusalem’s oldest part where instead of domestic inhabitants’ dwellings the second king of Israel (around 1005 BC–965 BC) David built his residence on a top of the Temple Mount surrounded by deep valleys. His fortress – the City of David protected from the north side by inhabitants’ stone buildings on a slope was an unassailable public and spiritual centre that northwards extended up to the Ophel used for the governance. David’s son, king of Israel (around 970–931 BC) Solomon extended the fortified urban area where Templum Solomonis was built. In Livonia, Bishop Albrecht obtained spacious areas, where he established bishoprics and towns. At foothills, residential building of inhabitants like shields guarded Bishop’s residence. The town-shield was the Dorpat Bishopric’s centre Dorpat and the Ösel–Wiek Bishopric’s centre Haapsalu. The town of Hasenpoth in the Bishopric of Courland (1234–1583) was established at subjugated lands inhabited by the Cours: each of bishopric's urban structures intended to Bishop and the Canonical Chapter was placed separately in their own village. The main subject of research: the town-shields’ planning in Livonia. Research problem: the development of town-shields’ planning at bishoprics in Livonia during the 13th and 14th century have been studied insufficiently. Historians in Latvia often do not take into account studies of urban planning specialists on historical urban planning. Research goal: to determine common and distinctive features of town-shield design in bishoprics of Livonia. Research novelty: town-shield plans of Archbishop’s and their vassals’ residences and capitals in Livonian bishoprics subjected to the Riga Archbishopric are analyzed. Results: study formation of Livonian town-shields’ layout and structure of the 13th and 14th centuries. Main methods: inspection of town-shields in nature, analysis of archive documents, projects, cartographic materials.  

The moderate size 2019 September Mw 5.8 Silivri earthquake unveils the complexity of the Main Marmara Fault shear zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayrullah Karabulut ◽  
Sezim Ezgi Güvercin ◽  
Figen Eskiköy ◽  
Ali Özgun Konca ◽  
Semih Ergintav
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Stress Increase ◽  
The North ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

SUMMARY The unbroken section of the North Anatolian Fault beneath the Sea of Marmara is a major source of seismic hazard for the city of İstanbul. The northern and currently the most active branch, the Main Marmara Fault (MMF), is segmented within a shear zone and exhibits both partially creeping and locked behaviour along its 150 km length. In 2019 September, a seismic activity initiated near MMF, off-coast the town of Silivri, generating 14 earthquakes ≥ Mw 3.5 in a week. The Mw 5.8 Silivri earthquake, is the largest in the Marmara Sea since the 1963 Mw 6.3 Çınarcık earthquake. Our analyses reveal that the activity started in a narrow zone (∼100 m) and spread to ∼7 km following an Mw 4.7 foreshock within ∼2 d. The distribution of relocated aftershocks and the focal mechanisms computed from regional waveforms reveal that the Mw 5.8 earthquake did not occur on the MMF, but it ruptured ∼60° north-dipping oblique strike-slip fault with significant thrust component located on the north of the MMF. Finite-fault slip model of the main shock shows 8 km long rupture with directivity toward east, where the ruptured fault merges to the MMF. The narrow depth range of the slip distribution (10–13 km) and the aftershock zone imply that the causative fault is below the deep sedimentary cover of the Marmara Basin. The distribution of aftershocks of the Mw 5.8 event is consistent with Coulomb stress increase. The stress changes along MMF include zones of both stress decrease due to clamping and right-lateral slip, and stress increase due to loading.

Agonising Liminality: A Study Of Orhan Pamuk’s Snow

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. Ezhugnayiru
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Unpleasant Experience

                      This article throws light on the distress a liminal experience could give for an individual or to a community who belong to a specific ethnicity, regarding the novel Snow written by the Turkish writer, Orhan Pamuk. Turkey located geographically in the edges of landscapes where the east and the west meet encounters this liminality over a couple of decades and stays as the setting of the novel Snow. In the liminal state, people fall in the breaks and crevices of the social structure which they think.The liminal stage individual encounters, a period of instability and vulnerability. Orhan Pamuk's Snow reflects the unpleasant experience of progress from the Islam arranged Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey. The setting of the novel, the town of Kars, a periphery city fringe to Turkey stands as a representative of Turkey's minimization from the world. Pamuk supplements the fruitless condition of the city all through this novel.

‘How Dare they Leave all this Unexcavated!’: Continuing to Discover Roman Bath

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Town

The frustrated cry of the young Barry Cunliffe has an odd echo in these days of preservation in situ. Sitting in the Roman Baths on his first visit as a schoolboy in 1955, he was astonished at how much was unknown about the Baths, despite their international reputation: large areas ‘surrounded by big question marks . . . all around . . . the word ‘‘unexcavated’’ ’ (Cunliffe 1984: xiii; figure 1). His later understanding of the realities and constraints of excavation only sharpened his desire to know more. Now, fifty years on and more, due in large part to that drive to know, his curiosity, we can claim to have made as much progress in our understanding of the baths and the city around them as had occurred in all the years before his visit, a history of archaeological enquiry stretching back over 400 years. In 1955 the baths were much as they had been discovered in the 1880s and 1890s. They were not well understood. The town, or city, or whatever surrounded it, were almost completely unknown, or at best, misunderstood. It was still possible in that year to argue that the temple of Sulis Minerva was on the north of the King’s Bath, not, as records of earlier discoveries made clear, on the west (Richmond and Toynbee 1955). Yet as the young Cunliffe sat and mused, the archaeological world was beginning to take note and a modern excavation campaign was beginning; indeed had begun: Professor Ian Richmond, in a short eight years to become a colleague, had started ‘his patient and elegant exploration of the East Baths’ the summer before (Cunliffe 1969: v). Richmond initiated a small number of very limited investigations into the East Baths, elucidating a tangle of remains that, while clearly the result of a succession of alterations and archaeological phases, had never been adequately analysed. Richmond’s main aim was to understand the developmental history of the baths, and this approach, combined with a thoughtful and thorough study of the rest of the remains, led to a still broadly accepted phasing and functional analysis (Cunliffe 1969).

Guayaquil Through Independence: Urban Development in a Colonial System

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Conniff
Keyword(s):  
Large Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Racially Mixed ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

In the 1530’s, as Mexico and then Peru began sending eastward the treasure which would so profoundly affect European life, the town of Guayaquil was established on the coast of present-day Ecuador. During the next three centuries Guayaquil developed into a society fundamentally different from and even antithetical to those of the great highland capitals. Agriculture, industry, and commerce, rather than mining, became the mainstays of Guayaquil’s economy. The decline of indigenous population on the coast and an influx of free Negroes from the north rendered an egalitarian and racially mixed people of low social differentiation. Cacao grown on the coastal lowlands provided the thrust for a wide range of trade and manufacturing activities. Yet tensions between location on a main imperial trade route and the stifling commercial control of nearby Lima resolved into a rough-and-tumble political system which thrived on contraband and autonomy. By the early nineteenth century Guayaquil had achieved a large measure of independence from Spain, and it played an important role in the liberation movements of western South America. After sketching the early development of the city, we will examine in some detail the system of labor and production in Guayaquil during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Then the city’s precocious autonomy within the colonial system will be discussed, prior to a concluding assessment of the social outcomes of Guayaquil’s development by the time of Independence.

scholarly journals Nikolay Gogol about Rome and the Roman Carnival

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Дмитриевна Федотова
Keyword(s):  
National Character ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Great Love ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Artistic Legacy

Статья посвящена повести Н.В. Гоголя Рим , в которой воссоздан образ Вечного города 1840-х годов. В слова героя повести молодого римского князя, возвратившегося в Рим из Парижа, писатель вложил свои мысли и эмоциональные впечатления о Риме: о величии его художественного наследия, об отношении римлян к традиции, о национальном характере. Именно в Риме Гоголь ощутил ту духовную свободу в творчестве, которой был лишен в России. Большой любовью к Италии, ее народу, истории, культуре страны проникнуты строки повести. В Риме сосредоточено множество памятников архитектуры, культуры и искусства. Именно этим интересен предмет художественного изложения и исследования. Являясь эпицентром и источником европейской культуры, Рим в течение тысячелетий привлекал к себе внимание художников в поисках вдохновляющих образов, в том числе образа города. The article is devoted to the novel Rome by Nikolay Gogol, in which the author recreated the image of Eternal town in the year 1840. Into the words of the character of a novel young roman prince, which returned to Rome from Paris, the author put his thoughts and emotional impressions by Rome: about greatness of Roman artistic legacy, about the attitude of the town-dwellers to tradition, about national character. It was in Rome that Gogol felt that spiritual liberty in the creative work, which he was deprived of in Russia. Great love for Italy, its people, history and culture of this country are inherent in the lines of Gogols story. In Rome, many monuments of architecture, culture and art are concentrated. This is what is interesting in the subject of artistic exposition and research. As the epicenter and source of European culture, Rome for thousands of years has attracted the attention of artists in search of inspirational images, including the image of the city.

Cultivated Lands within Urban Area

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
G. Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Several studies put in evidence the relevant role of cultivated lands in the urban areas. Using GIS methodologies in order to map agricultural areas near or within the town, it is possible to analyze their relationship with the urban area. In this study, the author used several different cartography sources, like digital cartography and orthophotos, in order to locate the urban domestic gardens and the terraced landscapes accurately. The study area is a medium city of a North-East Region of Italy, Trieste. Built on a hill morphology, it had a great and fast growth in the 19th and 20th centuries. These changes deeply transformed its landform, mainly reducing its surrounding cultivated lands. At present, the residual terraced landscapes are mainly placed in the north side of the city and they represent a kind of “cultural heritage.” On the contrary, the most important garden areas are located in the terrain embankments of the south suburban areas.

Farmers, Fishers, and Sportsmen

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Cumbler
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Edward Bellamy ◽  
The North ◽  
Fictitious Character ◽  
New City ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

At the end of the nineteenth century, Edward Bellamy, one of the Connecticut River Valley’s most famous literary residents, created a fictional character who wanted to avoid “industrial existence” and instead “all day to climb these mighty hills, feeling their strength” and to “happen upon little brooks in hidden valleys.” Bellamy planned for his protagonist “to breathe all day long the forest air loaded with the perfume of the forest trees.” The wanderings of this turn-of-the-century fictitious character through thick forests and deserted hills reflects the changes engendered in the valley with the coming of industrial cities and the abandonment of hillside farms. When Bellamy was born in 1850 at Chicopee Falls in western Massachusetts, the region was in the process of deforestation and had few areas that were not intensely farmed. Yet as Bellamy himself noted in an 1890 letter to the North American Review, “the abandonment of the farm for the town” had become all too common. Deserted farms became one of the themes Bellamy sketched out in his notes for the novel. Bellamy had his character live in an “abandoned farmhouse. . . . The farmhouse was one of the thousands of deserted farms that haunted the roadsides of the sterile back districts of New England.” In viewing the depopulated countryside as a retreat from industrial existence, Bellamy’s character represented the fate of late-nineteenthand early-twentieth-century New Englanders. Increasingly, urbanized New Englanders began to look to rural areas not as sources of food or resources of necessity but as places to contemplate nature and practice fishing and hunting as sport. As rural areas, particularly on the hills and up the valleys, became less populated, farmers there lost much of their political voice. New city voices now became more important in the conversation about resource conservation. What farmers saw as abandoned and ruined farms, urban and suburban naturalists saw as rural retreats from the tensions and pollution of the cities. For these interlopers, rural New England represented a romantic ideal of a past they or their ances tors put behind them when they moved to the city.

scholarly journals XX. Identifications in the Region of Kapilavastu

1906 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-580
Author(s):  
W. Vost
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Do the Chinese pilgrims know two cities named Kapilavastu?Certain discords and bearings in the itineraries of the pilgrims are discussed in the Prefatory Note to Antiquities in the Tarai, Nepal, and from them it is inferred there were two cities named Kapilavastu; one the city visited by Fa-hsien, now represented by the ruins at Piprāhavā; the other that described by Yuan Chwang, of which the “royal precincts” are found in Tilaurā Koṭ, some ten miles to the north-west of Piprāhavā. Paltā Devī is held to mark the site of the town either of the Buddha Krakucandra or of the Buddha Koṇāgamana; or Sisaniā Pānḍe may represent the town of Koṇāgamana. Guṭihavā is believed to represent the site of the famous Nyagrodha grove.

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