scholarly journals Occurrence of aflatoxins in milk and their effects on reproduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. KOUROUSEKOS (Γ. Δ. ΚΟΥΡΟΥΣΕΚΟΣ) ◽  
A. G. LYMBEROPOULOS (Α. Γ. ΛΥΜΠΕΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
The World

The aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These fungi invade the forages and under suitable conditions produce aflatoxins (Bl, B2, Gl, G2). The consumption of aflatoxins by the animals results in various pathological conditions (aflatoxicoses), with symptoms that vary depending on the species of animal, the age, the degree of forage invasion by the fungi and the quantity of the consumed feed. Nowadays, researchers pay more attention to the aflatoxins, because the latter do occur in many parts of the world. The regions more affected by aflatoxins are those with tropic or subtropic climate, since the levels of humidity and temperature play an important role in fungi's growth. The consumption of anatoxin Bl results in the excretion of aflatoxin Ml into the milk. Ml is one of Bl's metabolites and in some cases it is detected in concentrations higher than the maximum desirable limits fixed by each state, making the milk inappropriate for consumption. Furthermore, there are many reports about the effects of aflatoxins on the reproductive system. Sexual maturation, growth and maturation of the follicles, levels of hormones, gestation, growth of foetus are some of the parameters that are possibly influenced by aflatoxins. Regarding the genital system of male, most reports are related with the likely effect of aflatoxins on the size and weight of the genital organs, on spermatogenesis, on the number and morphology of spermatozoa, as well as on the levels of hormones.

Performance and biochemical parameters of broiler chicks fed aflatoxin-contaminated and ammonia-treated corn

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
A. R. Safameher ◽  
A. Allameh ◽  
M. Shivazad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Culture Growth

Aflatoxins (AF), natural contaminants of food stuffs and are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins damage the liver, kidney and thymus resulting in a variety of effects including decreased growth rate, poor productivity and immunosuppression. Recently we have reported that ammonia solution can directly inhibit aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus in culture growth (Namazi et al., 2001). A study was conducted to determine the efficacy ammoniation of contaminated-corn with aflatoxin in decreasing aflatoxin in diet of broiler chicks and its effects on production and biochemical parameters.

Effect of Cryopreserved Placental Explants on Female Reproductive System Under Normal and Pathological Conditions (Experimental study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yu. Prokopyuk ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Grischenko ◽  
Oleksandra V. Prokopyuk ◽  
Nadiia O. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Ladder of life of a modern woman: how to maintain health. Opportunities and prospects of phytotherapy (to help a practitioner)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera N Prilepskaya ◽  
Elena G Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Modern View ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The article provides a modern view on features of different stages of a woman’s life. It presents information on pathogenetic basis and effectiveness of modern phytotherapy with a use of certified agents for a treatment of main pathological conditions associated with different stages of a woman’s life when the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system’s function is formed, actively functions and then undergoes a gradual involution. The features of the use of herbal remedies in pathological conditions of the reproductive system (premenstrual syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, menopausal syndrome, mastalgia, etc.) are described. The article is illustrated with figures and tables for better understanding by clinicians. It emphasis on the features of herbal therapy, its high acceptability, safety and efficacy in the age aspect.

scholarly journals Production of aflatoxins and aflatoxicols by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by aflatoxin-non-producing Aspergillus flavus.

Eisei kagaku ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSUO NAKAZATO ◽  
SATOSHI MOROZUMI ◽  
KAZUO SAITO ◽  
KENJI FUJINUMA ◽  
TAICHIRO NISHIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus

Combinational inhibitory action of essential oils and gamma irradiation for controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth and their aflatoxins biosynthesis in vitro and in situ conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110530
Author(s):  
Hanan H Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Ali AI Hammad ◽  
Reham MMA El-Kader ◽  
Khayria A Youssef ◽  
Dalia AM Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
In Situ Conditions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of certain essential oils (star anise, lemon leaves, marjoram, fennel, and lavender) on the fungal growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and their production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The degree of suppression of the aflatoxigenic strains’ growth and their production of AFB1 is mainly affected by the kind and the concentration of the tested essential oils (EOs). Star anise essential oil had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 and 1.0 μL/mL) against A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively, so it was the best among the five different oils. The study of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that star anise EO resulted in a 98% reduction in AFB1 without a breakdown of AFB1 products after treatment thus the complete removal of AFB1 was done without any toxic residues. The combination showed a synergistic effect, the combinational treatment between γ-irradiation at a low dose (2 kGy) and star anise EO at concentrate 0.5 μL/g destroyed A. flavus and A. parasiticus inoculated (individually) in sorghum and peanut, respectively throughout the storage period (8 weeks).

scholarly journals Population Growth - The Social Development and Poverty Dimension

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
M.S. Jillani
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The debate over the relationship of population and development is now more than 200 years old, starting with the treatise on population by Malthus, in 1798. The increase in population, ever since, has remained a matter of concern for economists and development planners. The most recent high point of the issue was witnessed at Cairo in September, 1994. The conference which was attended by more than 10,000 persons from all over the world ended with an agreement on the issues involved in the growth of population and the economy. The outcome was a Plan of Action for the next twenty years, which would concentrate on Reproductive Health in order to obtain, “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and process”. This can be a turn-around in global efforts for human health and welfare, if properly implemented.

scholarly journals Children of Heaven

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olenka Kawchuk
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Process

Ruling over western South America for nearly 100 years, the Inca Empire was one of many global cultures that practiced human sacrifice, though few other rituals of human sacrifice are as captivating as the Inca child sacrifice of capacocha. Capacocha children were chosen to be representatives of the Inca people in the afterlife. As such, they were afforded an elevated position in society before their death. Following their selection, children would undergo a year-long pilgrimage terminating at a mountain top shrine where they would be killed. As a result of the low temperature and oxygen levels present at such a high elevation, the bodies of capacocha children were protected against decomposition, creating some of the best-preserved natural mummies in the world. These mummies have been the subject of numerous bioarchaeological analyses to determine their age, sex, geographic origin, pathological conditions, diet, and cause of death. Beyond these, however, the mummies present a unique opportunity to study how the capacocha ritual process — including the sudden ascension in status — manifested itself on the children's bodies. This paper aims to review the bioarchaeological data garnered from the mummies in order to reconstruct the experience of a child chosen for capacocha. Results suggest higher variability between children selected for capacocha than was originally outlined by Spanish chroniclers.

Validation of macroscopic maturity stages of the Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Follicular Cell ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Cell Complexes ◽  
Maturation Stages

Testes and ovaries of Enteroctopus megalocyathus collected along the Patagonian Atlantic coast were analysed histologically to validate the macroscopic maturity scales adopted for this species. Changes through the course of development of the seminiferous tubules and of the oocyte/follicular cell complexes were characterized and these were classified into five and six microscopic categories of development respectively. A histological maturity index, based on the frequencies of microscopic categories, was used to assess the correspondence between macroscopic maturation stages and the microscopic level of development of the gonadal tissue. Seminiferous tubules showed a regular and progressive pattern of microscopic development within each macroscopic stage and between consecutive macroscopic stages. However, a minority of males exhibiting seminiferous tubule with sperm did not display macroscopic characteristics of the mature-spawning stage. In females, an overlapping of microscopic categories was observed in maturing macroscopic stages. Previtellogenic oocytes were not present at mature-spawning or spent stages. Significant changes in the histological maturity index were observed between consecutive macroscopic stages, confirming the validity of macroscopic maturity scales of both sexes. In addition, by considering both macroscopic and microscopic criteria, it was possible to determine the overall state of development and functioning of the reproductive system during sexual maturation of this species.

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