scholarly journals Genetic differentiation among Parastichopus regalis populations from Western Mediterranean Sea: potential effects of its fishery and current connectivity.

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. MAGGI ◽  
M. GONZÁLEZ-WANGÜEMERT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea

Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) is the most expensive seafood product on the catalonian market (NE Spain), with prices around 130 €/Kg (fresh weight). Despite its ecological and economic importance, biological and genetic information on this sea cucumber species is scarce. We provided the first insight on the genetic structure of P. regalis using sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S genes, as well as a morphological description of its populations. Individuals were collected in six locations along the Spanish Mediterranean coast, including an area under fishery pressure (Catalonia). We found high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity for both genes, with higher levels of genetic diversity observed on COI gene. Population pairwise fixation index (FST), AMOVA and correspondence analysis (CA) based on COI, revealed significant genetic differentiation among some locations. However, further analysis using nuclear markers (e.g. microsatellites) would be necessary to corroborate these results. Moreover, the genetic and morphological data may indicate fishery effects on the Catalonian population with decrease of the size and weight average and lower genetic diversity compared to locations without fishery pressure. For an appropriate management of this species, we suggest: 1) an accurate assessment of the stocks status along the Spanish coasts; 2) the study of the reproductive cycle of this target species and the establishment of a closed fishery season according to it; 3) the founding of protected areas (i.e. not take zones) to conserve healthy populations and favour the recruitment on the nearby areas.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis of Dermacentor nuttalli within Inner Mongolia, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Gui ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Hao Cai ◽  
Lan Mu ◽  
Jing-Feng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Abstract Background Ticks (Arthropoda, Ixodida), after mosquitoes, are the second most prevalent vector of infectious diseases. They are responsible for spreading a multitude of pathogens and threatening the health and welfare of animals and human beings. However, given the history of tick-borne pathogen infections in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, surprisingly, neither the genetic diversity nor the spatial distribution of haplotypes within ticks has been studied. Methods We characterized the haplotype distribution of Dermacentor nuttalli in four main pastoral areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, by sampling 109 individuals (recovered from sheep) in April–August 2019. The 16S rRNA gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) were amplified and sequenced from extracted DNA. Results Twenty-six haplotypes were identified using 16S rRNA sequences, 57 haplotypes were identified with COI sequences, and 75 haplotypes were identified with ITS2 sequences. Among the three genes, total haplotype diversity was greater than 0.7, while total nucleotide diversity was greater than 0.06. Neutrality tests revealed a significantly negative Tajima’s D result, while Fu's Fs was not significantly positive. Fixation index values (FST) indicated that the degree of genetic differentiation among some sampled populations was small, while for others it was moderate. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variation within populations was greater than that among populations. The mismatch analysis of D. nuttalli exhibited double peaks. Conclusion The genetic diversity of D. nuttalli populations in our region can likely adapt to different geographical environments, thereby leading to genetic diversity, and creating genetic differentiation among different populations. However, genetic differentiation is cryptic and does not form a pedigree geographical structure.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis of Dermacentor Nuttalli within Inner Mongolia, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Gui ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Hao Cai ◽  
Fu-Shaoyin ◽  
Jing Feng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Abstract BackgroundTicks (Arthropoda, Ixodida), after mosquitoes, are the next most prevalent vector of infectious diseases; and are responsible for spreading a multitude of pathogens and threatening the health and welfare of animals and human beings. Yet, given the history of tick-borne pathogen infections in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region of China, neither the genetic diversity nor the spatial distribution of haplotypes within ticks has been studied. MethodsWe characterized the haplotype distribution of Dermacentor nuttalli in four main pastoral areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, by sampling 109 individuals (recovered from sheep) in April-August 2019. The 16S rRNA gene, Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit Ⅰ, and the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 region were amplified and sequenced from extracted DNA.Results 82 haplotypes were identified, the most prevalent of which was H32. 12 sequences (11 of all sequences) represented the most abundant haplotypes, with a highly scattered distribution. Total haplotype diversity was 0.98318, while total nucleotide diversity was 0.11369. Neutrality tests revealed negative results in the four locations analyzed, which is indicative of an excess of recently derived haplotypes. Fixation index values (FST) indicate that the degree of genetic differentiation amongst some sampled populations were small, while others were moderate. Conclusion The genetic diversity of D.nuttalli populations in our region can likely adapt to different geographical environments, thereby leading to genetic diversity, and creating genetic differentiation amongst different populations. However, genetic differentiation is cryptic and does not form the pedigree geographical structure.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and differentiation of Dendrolimus punctatus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Thousand Island Lake, China, based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lv ◽  
J.-R. Wang ◽  
T.-Q. Li ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
J.-Q. Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
High Dispersal

AbstractThousand Island Lake (TIL) is a typical fragmented landscape and an ideal model to study ecological effects of fragmentation. Partial fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of 23 island populations of Dendrolimus punctatus in TIL were sequenced, 141 haplotypes being identified. The number of haplotypes increased significantly with the increase in island area and shape index, whereas no significant correlation was detected between three island attributes (area, shape and isolation) and haplotype diversity. However, the correlation with number of haplotypes was no longer significant when the ‘outlier’ island JSD (the largest island) was not included. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance. Geographic isolation did not obstruct the gene flow among D. punctatus populations, which might be because of the high dispersal capacity of this pine moth. Fragmentation resulted in the conversion of large and continuous habitats into isolated, small and insular patches, which was the primary effect on the genetic diversity of D. punctatus in TIL. The conclusion to emphasize from our research is that habitat fragmentation reduced the biological genetic diversity to some extent, further demonstrating the importance of habitat continuity in biodiversity protection.

scholarly journals Migration, residency, and homing of bluefin tuna in the western Mediterranean Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Fromentin ◽  
Daniel Lopuszanski
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Local Enrichment

Abstract This study presents the results of an electronic tagging programme on mature Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) that has been conducted since 2007 offshore of the French Mediterranean Coast. The spatial distributions of ABFT showed little year-to-year variation and the fish concentrated in a small area of the central northwestern Mediterranean, where they may stay for several months. The individual tracks display sinuous trajectories in this area, indicating the possibility of feeding behaviour. No fish went out to the North Atlantic, but several fish displayed some migration to the southern western Mediterranean Sea during winter and the central Mediterranean during the spawning season. The homing behaviour of one fish after a full year as well as the back and forth of several fish further indicates that this restricted feeding area is probably persistent from year to year. We hypothesize that this area could result from local enrichment due to permanent mesoscale oceanographic features related to the North Mediterranean Current and the North Balearic front. The option of a spatial management, through marine protected areas, for a highly migratory species, such as ABFT, thus deserves more careful consideration because those species displayed complex spatial dynamics (e.g. homing), and population structure (e.g. several subpopulations of different sizes).

scholarly journals The RADMED monitoring program: towards an ecosystem approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. López-Jurado ◽  
R. Balbín ◽  
B. Amengual ◽  
A. Aparicio-González ◽  
M. L. Fernández de Puelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Planktonic Communities

Abstract. In the Western Mediterranean, the IEO-RADMED monitoring program is already conducting many of the evaluations required under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MFSD) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The different aspects of the ecosystem that are regularly sampled under this monitoring program are the physical environment and the chemical and biological variables of the water column, together with the planktonic communities, biomass and structure. Moreover, determinations of some anthropogenic stressors on the marine environment, as contaminants and microplastics, are under develop. Data are managed and stored at the IEO Data Center that works under the SeaDataNet infrastructure and are also stored under the IBAMar database. In combination with remote sensing data they are used to address open questions on the ecosystem in the Western Mediterranean sea.

Identification of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) nursery areas in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dufour ◽  
M. Cantou ◽  
F. Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Lion

Nursery areas of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) were investigated from spring 2005 to summer 2006 in areas along the French Mediterranean coast of the Gulf of Lion. Nurseries were identified by the presence of settling individuals of sea bass and young juveniles. These nurseries represent different types of sheltered shallow habitats, both natural such as coastal lagoons, estuaries, and artificial such as marinas. Settlement occurred from April to June during both years. The number of settling individuals varied between sites from just a few individuals to several thousand. In one given site, settlement also varied between 2005 and 2006. The size distribution of sampled individuals revealed that several pulses arrived in each nursery. At this stage, sea bass already exhibited a strong orientation capacity but a limited swimming ability. The magnitude of sea bass settlement in marinas requires better environmental management of such artificial areas.

scholarly journals Evidence of genetic structure in the wide-ranging bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758))

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Streicher ◽  
Sonja Krüger ◽  
Franziska Loercher ◽  
Sandi Willows-Munro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Bearded Vulture ◽  
African Populations

AbstractBackgroundThe bearded vulture is sparsely distributed across a wide geographic range that extends over three continents (Africa, Europe and Asia). Restriction to high-altitude mountainous habitats, low breeding rates, lack of food and a heightened level of persecution have left many local populations severely diminished or extinct. Understanding the genetic connectivity and population structure of this threatened vulture species is critical for accurately assessing their conservation status, and for appropriately managing local populations through captive breeding programmes or translocations. Previous genetic assessments of the species were mainly focused on the European and Asian populations and included limited representation of the geographically isolated southern African population. A single mitochondrial study, which focused on the African populations of the bearded vulture, detected limited genetic differentiation between populations in Ethiopia and southern Africa, with reduced haplotype diversity in the southern Africa population. In this study, we extend the previous genetic assessments of the species by examining the phylogeography and genetic connectivity of globalG. barbatuspopulations using a panel of 14 microsatellite loci.ResultsAnalyses revealed spatially correlated genetic differentiation between regional populations and low levels of gene flow between these population fragments. In contrast to the mitochondrial data, the microsatellite data support the management of genetically different populations as separate entities.ConclusionsLow genetic diversity and geographic isolation are known to adversely affect the evolutionary potential of a species in the long-term. The high inbreeding found in the southern AfricanG. barbatusand, to a lesser extent, the northern African populations highlights the need for conservation programmes to effectively manage populations of this species and maintain extant genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Scyllarus arctus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae) final stage phyllosoma identified by DNA analysis, with morphological description

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Palero ◽  
Guillermo Guerao ◽  
Paul F. Clark ◽  
Pere Abelló
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Phyllosoma Larvae

Advanced stages of Scyllarus phyllosoma larvae were collected by demersal trawling during fishery research surveys in the western Mediterranean Sea in 2003–2005. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene allowed the final-stage phyllosoma of Scyllarus arctus to be identified among these larvae. Its morphology is described and illustrated. This constitutes the second complete description of a Scyllaridae phyllosoma with its specific identity being validated by molecular techniques (the first was S. pygmaeus). These results also solved a long lasting taxonomic anomaly of several species assigned to the ancient genus Phyllosoma Leach, 1814. Detailed examination indicated that the final-stage phyllosoma of S. arctus shows closer affinities with the American scyllarid Scyllarus depressus or with the Australian Scyllarus sp. b (sensu Phillips et al., 1981) than to its sympatric species S. pygmaeus.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THREE GENERATIONS OF MASS SELECTION FOR FAST GROWTH IN AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus ASSESSED BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Imron Imron ◽  
Bambang Iswanto ◽  
Huria Marnis ◽  
Rommy Suprapto ◽  
Narita Syawalia Ridzwan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Selection For

Selective breeding aiming at improving the performance of economically important traits acts by exploiting population’s phenotypic variance. Due to the relationship between phenotype and genotype, selection on phenotype may also affect the profile of genotype. This study was aimed to monitor the impact of three generations of mass selection for fast growth in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, on genetic variability, assessed by microsatellite. A total of 350 fish representing four populations, namely a composite base population (G-0), selected lines of the first generation (G-1) to the third generation (G-3), were sampled. The samples were screened for their genetic diversity using five microsatellite loci1 namely cga01, cga02, cga03, cga05, and cga09. Several genetic parameters including number of allele (A), allelic richness (AR), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, and fixation index (Fis) were evaluated. The results showed that there was a slight increase in the value of diversity indices in the G-1 relative to the G-0 and to the other two generations. Among these parameters, the number of allele seemed to be the most sensitive parameter in detecting genetic changes. All populations experienced heterozygote deficit and positive fixation index indicating the phenomena of inbreeding. Overall, selection for growth for three generations in African catfish breeding program resulted in significant genetic differentiation between populations. Further, the level of genetic differentiation seemed to accumulate along with the number of generaton in breeding program. However, selection did not result in a decline in genetic diversity within population. A relatively short period of the program, along with the use a high number of broodstock (mating pairs) to produce each generation seems to be able to maintain the stability of genetic diversity of the population.

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