scholarly journals Risky sexual behaviours among young adults attending Higher Learning Institutions in Mbeya, Tanzania: implications for STIs and HIV preventive programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ruby Doryn Mcharo ◽  
Willyhelmina Olomi ◽  
Philippe Mayaud ◽  
Sia E. Msuya
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Learning Institutions

Background High-risk sexual behaviors(HRSBs) among young adults are key risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs), HIV and unplanned pregnancies. WHO has identified the 15-24years age-group as high-risk for STIs. Students at Higher Learning Institutions(HLIs) may be at higher risk because they are free of immediate parental-supervision, are a transient migratory population, probably at peak-years of sexual activity.  In Tanzania, information is limited on sexual and preventive behaviours among young adults in HLIs. We describe risky sexual behaviours and preventive practices among young adults attending HLIs in Mbeya-Tanzania. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March2019 to January2020 among randomly selected students aged 18-24years enrolled in HLIs within Mbeya.  Probability proportional to size was used to determine total student number from each HLI. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information on sexual health education, activity, behaviour and STI knowledge. Results Total of 504students were enrolled with mean age of 21.5(SD 1.74)years. Total of 446(88.5%) students reported ever having had sex. Mean-age at first sex was 18.4years and 9.9% reported sexual debut <15years. A higher proportion of male students(57%) reported sexual debut with non-steady partners than females(37.9%). Lack of condom use at sexual debut was reported by 52% of the participants. Consistent condom use during past 4-weeks was reported at 33% and 16.5% among males and females, respectively. About 1 in 10 students reported forced sex by someone they were dating. Sex under the influence of alcohol was reported by 24% of the students.  Nearly 8 in 10 (78.7%) students have heard of STIs, but only 16% were aware STIs can be asymptomatic.  Conclusion STI prevention programs need to recognize young adults in HLIs as at-risk population; and advocate targeted messages to minimize risk to acquiring STIs, counseling and support for those experiencing sexual violence, promote condom use and safer-sex negotiation skills.

scholarly journals Risky sexual behaviours among young adults attending Higher Learning Institutions in Mbeya, Tanzania: implications for STIs and HIV preventive programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ruby Doryn Mcharo ◽  
Willyhelmina Olomi ◽  
Philippe Mayaud ◽  
Sia E. Msuya
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Learning Institutions

Background: High-risk sexual behaviours (HRSBs) among young adults are a key risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), HIV and unplanned pregnancies. The World Health Organization has identified the 15-24 year age-group as high-risk for STIs. Students at Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) may be at higher risk because they are free of immediate parental supervision, a transient migratory population, and probably at peak years of sexual activity. Here, we describe risky sexual behaviours and preventive practices among young adults attending HLIs in Mbeya, Tanzania. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to January 2020 among students aged 18-24 years enrolled in HLIs within Mbeya. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sexual health education, activity, behaviour and STI knowledge. Results: 504 students were enrolled; mean age of 21.5 (SD 1.74) years. 377 (74.8%) students were sexually active. Mean age of first sexual encounter was 18.4 years and 11.6% reported their sexual debut was <15 years. A higher proportion of male students (59.7%) reported their sexual debut with non-steady partners compared with female students (40.9%). Lack of condom use at sexual debut was reported by 43.3% of sexually active students. Consistent condom use during the past 4-weeks was reported at 23.3% and 16.9% among men and women, respectively. Almost 1 in 10 students reported being forced into having sex by someone they were dating. Sex under the influence of alcohol was reported by 25.5% of the students. Nearly 7 in 10 (77%) students had heard of STIs, but only 15% were aware STIs could be asymptomatic.  Conclusion: STI prevention programs need to recognize young adults in HLIs as an at-risk population. HLIs must advocate targeted messages to minimize risks to acquiring STIs, offer counselling and support for those experiencing sexual violence, and promote condom use and safer-sex negotiation skills.

scholarly journals The Effect of Male Circumcision on Risky Sexual Behaviours of Men in Rwanda: A Comparative Analysis of RDHS 2005 and 2014/15

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantine Pegha Nambawarr ◽  
Joseph Ntaganira
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Compensation ◽  
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours

Abstract Background Rapid up-take of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in countries like Rwanda that implemented it as a national HIV prevention strategy since 2008, raised a public health concern of risk compensation. Risk compensation may occur if circumcised men increase their risky sexual behaviours (RSB) because of the awareness of circumcision’s 60% protection from heterosexual HIV/STIs transmission. The aim of this study was to assess the difference in RSBs among adolescent and adult circumcised men before and after the VMMC program implementation in Rwanda Methods Data of 11,037 men aged 15-59 years from Rwanda DHS 2005 and 2014/15 were analyzed using STATA version 13.0. We estimated the prevalence of ever paid sex , extramarital sex , more than 3 total lifetime sex partners, condom use at paid sex, first sex below age 15 and most recent sex partner being casual/commercial; among circumcised and uncircumcised men and compared between surveys. Association of these behaviours with circumcision status were also determined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in separate and in combined datasets. Results Men who reported being circumcised almost tripled from 11%(532) in 2005 to 29%(1821) in 2014/15. In all men, RSB prevalence was lower in 2014/15 than in 2005. Circumcised men were generally more likely to engage in RSB in both surveys than uncircumcised men but less likely in 2014/15 compared to 2005. Multivariate models revealed no association of circumcision with sex below 15 years in 2005 (AOR 0.89; CI: 0.65-1.19; P>0.05) and 63% protection in 2014/15 (AOR 0.63; CI: 0.51-0.76; P<0.01). In all men, while there were too few responses to determine a true difference in non-condom use , other RSB were significantly less likely whereas paid sex was significantly more likely in 2014/15 due to an increase among the uncircumcised (AOR 1.29; CI: 1.03-1.61). Conclusion The findings did not support risk compensation. However, more responses on condom use are needed to check its disinhibition among circumcised men. Ongoing VMMC campaigns should re-inforce pre-counseling to young men 15-24 in the provinces out of Kigali to delay sexual debut even after circumcision.

scholarly journals Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Correlates of Condom Use among Young Adults from Continuation High Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Lilia Espinoza ◽  
Jean L. Richardson ◽  
Kristin Ferguson ◽  
Chih-Ping Chou ◽  
Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Norms ◽  
Continuation High Schools ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Interaction Terms

Background and Purpose: Youth from continuation high schools (CHS) exhibit riskier sexual behaviors than other high school youth, yet the associations between intrapersonal and interpersonal constructs and condom-using behavior are not fully understood within this population. It is unknown which of these variables may be more strongly associated with condom use. This study explored the effects of parentadolescent communication, perceived HIV susceptibility, condom use peer norms, and condom use selfefficacy on lifetime and recent condom use and the potential moderating effects by gender and Latino ethnicity. Methods: A non-experimental study was conducted with 111 CHS young adults in Southern California who previously participated in a substance abuse prevention intervention. Ordinal logistic regression models assessed the associations between each construct and condom use and included interaction terms by gender and Latino ethnicity. Results: Parent-adolescent communication during adolescence and within the past 6 months as well as peer norms that support condom use were significantly associated with lifetime and recent condom use. Perceived HIV risk and condom use selfefficacy showed no effect. Relationships were not moderated by gender or Latino ethnicity. Conclusion: Findings highlight the salutary influence of parents and peers on personal condom use. Future research should explore intrapersonal factors that may motivate consistent condom use.

scholarly journals School and Parental Factors Associated with One-Night Stand, Condom Use at Sexual Debut and Multiple Sexual Partners

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Tunde Adeyemo Alabi ◽  
John Lekan Oyefara ◽  
Waziri Babatunde Adisa
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Institutional Type ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
First Sex ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours

In many countries, risky sexual behaviour appears to have become more common among sexually active young adults due to increasing acceptance of pre-marital sexual behaviour. This poses threat to the sexual and reproductive health of those who engage in same. This study investigated the possible influence of school and parental factors such as time of sexual debut (before or after admission), institutional type, accommodation type (whether campus or off-campus), parental marriage type, parental counselling and family of socialisation on three risky sexual behaviours. These are one-night stand, condom use at first sex and multiple sexual partners. The study adopted cross-sectional survey method. A total of 433 respondents were selected from three stratified tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study found that institutional type and parents' marriage significantly influenced involvement in one-night stand. The age at sexual debut and parents' marriage type are associated with the use of condom at first sex. Also, while students of polytechnic had more sexual partners than their counterparts in the university and college of education (F: 16.849; p: 0.001), those living inside campus were significantly more likely to have multiple sexual partners than those outside campus (T: -1.995; p: 0.047). The study recommends the need for the management of institutes of higher learning and accommodation providers to improve their physical environment to discourage risky sexual behaviours, and to sensitise young people. Also, parent-child discussion on sex-related matters from both parents especially in polygynous homes is encouraged.

scholarly journals Condom use in greek young adults’ dating relationships: The role of sexual debut condom use and relationship characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Πάνος Κορδούτης
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Young Audiences ◽  
Relationship Length ◽  
First Intercourse ◽  
The Relationship

We examined whether individual and relationship characteristics predicted condom use in Greek young adults’ ongoing relationships. Participants were 277 university students with ongoing dating relationships who provided their demographics and information on their sexual profiles, partners, and relationships. Participants rated their relationships in terms of matrimonial and hedonistic (passionate) characteristics, and indicated whether they had used a condomat first intercourse, at latest intercourse, and consistently during the relationship. Condoms were more likely to be used at first intercourse, at latest intercourse and during the relationship when they had been used at sexual debut (first-time-in-life sexual intercourse). However, they were less likely to be used at latest intercourse, the longer and the more hedonistic the relationship. In addition, increased frequency of coital sex during the relationship was associated with less consistent condom use. It appears that condom use at sexual debut establishes a resilient habit of condom use in future relationships. However, relationship duration, sexual passion, and frequency of coital sex appear to undermine condom use. Condom use promotion should address young audiences at an early age, emphasizing that relationship length, frequency of coital sex, and passion may work against protective behavior in a relationship.

scholarly journals Beliefs and misconceptions about contraception and condom use among adolescents in south-east Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Ojiugo Mbachu ◽  
Ifunanya Clara Agu ◽  
Chinonso Obayi ◽  
Irene Eze ◽  
Nkoli Ezumah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Hard Drugs

Abstract Background Misconceptions about the usefulness of condoms and other contraceptives still expose many unmarried adolescents to the risk of unwanted teenage pregnancies and sexually-transmitted infections (STIs). This study explored beliefs and misconceptions about condoms and other contraceptives among adolescents in Ebonyi state, south-east Nigeria. Method A qualitative study was undertaken in six local government areas in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. Data were collected within a period of one month from in and out-of-school adolescents aged 13–18 years using twelve focus group discussions (FGD). The data were analyzed using the thematic framework approach. Result Majority of the adolescents were knowledgeable about methods of contraception, how they are used and their modes of action. They were also knowledgeable about the dual effects of condoms in prevention of pregnancy and STIs. However, some misconceptions that were expressed by some adolescents were that pregnancy could be prevented by the use of (i) hard drugs, (ii) laxatives, (iii) white chlorine, and (iv) boiled alcoholic beverages. Condoms were described by some adolescent boys as reusable. Condoms were also perceived by some adolescents to reduce sexual pleasure, and this opinion was mostly held by boys. Coitus interruptus (withdrawal method) was therefore considered more preferable than condoms for prevention of pregnancy. Conclusion Although majority adolescents have knowledge about contraception and condom use, some misconceptions still persist. These misconceptions put many adolescents at increased risk for pregnancy and STIs which are detrimental to their health and wellbeing. Concerted efforts should be made through educational and behaviour change interventions in schools and within communities to debunk persisting misconceptions about contraception including the use of condom, and properly educate adolescents on safe sex practices. Plain English summary Adolescents engage in unprotected sexual intercourse and other risky sexual behaviours because of some mistaken beliefs and wrong impressions about how to prevent unwanted pregnancy. These risky sexual behaviours predispose adolescents to sexually transmitted infections, unsafe abortion and other reproductive health problems. In this qualitative study, we explored some of these mistaken beliefs about condoms and other methods of preventing pregnancy. During focus group discussions, adolescents identified modern contraceptive methods, and described their modes of action and how they are used. They also discussed their contraceptive preferences and perceived effects of condoms on sexual pleasure. Although some of these adolescents were able to correctly mention various types of contraceptives and their modes of action, there were numerous wrong impressions. Hard drugs, laxatives, white chlorine and boiled alcoholic beverage were listed as emergency contraceptive methods. Emergency pills were perceived to work by flushing away spermatozoa from a girl’s system after sexual intercourse. Male condoms were perceived to be potentially dangerous because they could break and enter into the body of the female sexual partner. Some adolescent boys had the notion that particular brands of male condoms could be washed and reused. Notions about condom use and sexual pleasure varied for girls and boys. Some adolescent girls perceived that condom use during sex increases sexual pleasure because of the assurance of being protected from STIs and pregnancy. Adolescent boys were of the opinion that condoms interfere with the pleasure of direct ‘flesh to flesh’ contact during sex. There was a general belief that contraceptive use in early age reduces fertility prospects for boys and girls. Mistaken beliefs about methods of preventing pregnancy persist among adolescents, and this raises concerns about the quality of information they receive. Concerted efforts should be made to debunk these wrong beliefs and properly educate adolescents on safe sex practices.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Extramarital Sex Among Nigerian Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kola Oyediran ◽  
Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe ◽  
Bamikale J. Feyisetan ◽  
Gbenga P. Ishola
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extramarital Sex ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based

This study used data on currently married and cohabiting men aged 15 to 64 years from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with extramarital sex. The results show that 16% engaged in extramarital sex in the 12 months preceding the survey and had an average of 1.82 partners. The results also show statistically significant association between extramarital sex and ethnicity, religion, age, age at sexual debut, education, occupation, and place of residence. Based on the study results, it could be concluded that significant proportions of Nigerians are exposed to HIV infection through extramarital sex. A fundamental behavioral change expected in the era of HIV/AIDS is the inculcation of marital fidelity and emotional bonding between marital partners. The promotion of condom use among married couples should be intensified to protect women, a large number of whom are exposed to HIV infection from their spouses who engage in unprotected extramarital sex. And, because of gender-based power imbalances within the family, a large number of the women are unable to negotiate consistent condom use by their partners.

scholarly journals Psychological factors associated with adolescent sexual behavior

Psico ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. e36084
Author(s):  
André Teixeira Stephanou ◽  
Ana Cristina Garcia Dias
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Behavior ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Use Behavior

Sexually transmitted infections are increasing in Brazilian adolescents and youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and other psychosocial variables with condom use behavior and sexual debut in a sample of adolescents from Santa Maria-RS. Data was collected with 452 adolescents (57% girls), mean age of 15.9 years (SD = 1.4), using the Brazilian Youth Questionnaire – Phase II. Condom use behavior was not associated with self-esteem or self-efficacy in the logistic regression model, contrary to the main hypothesis. General self-efficacy was positively associated with sexual debut, while religiosity was negatively associated with this outcome. Family support was associated with older age at sexual debut. The findings support the importance of analyzing different sexual behaviors separately, as they may have distinct predictors. Studies should use specific measures of self-efficacy when studying sexual behavior and measure how participants value different sexual behaviors.

African-American Adolescents Residing in High-risk Urban Environments Do Use Condoms: Correlates and Predictors of Condom Use Among Adolescents in Public Housing Developments

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph J. DiClemente ◽  
Mark Lodico ◽  
Olga A. Grinstead ◽  
Gary Harper ◽  
Richard L. Rickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Housing Developments

Objective. African-American adolescents living in high-risk inner-city environments have been disproportionately affected by the epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases. Understanding the factors that influence the use of condoms by adolescents is critical for developing effective behavioral interventions. The present study examined the demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral correlates of condom use among African-American adolescents residing in public housing developements in an HIV epicenter (San Francisco) and prospectively evaluated the stability of these significant cross-sectional variables to predict consistent condom use. Design. A prospective study. Setting. Two public housing developments in San Francisco. Participants. African-American adolescents and young adults between 12 and 21 years of age were recruited though street outreach and completed a theoretically derived research interview assessing HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. After a 6-month period, adolescents completed a follow-up interview similar to the baseline measure. Among adolescents reporting sexual activity in the 6 months before completing the baseline interview (n = 116), logistic regression analysis evaluated the influence of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors on consistent condom use. Results. Adolescents who had high assertive self-efficacy to demand condom use (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 11), perceived peer norms as supporting condom use (OR, 4.2), had greater impulse control (OR, 3.7), were male (OR, 4.7), and were younger (OR, 2.9) were more likely to report consistent condom use. Frequency of sexual intercourse was inversely related to condom use; adolescents with higher numbers of sexual episodes were less likely to use condoms consistently. Prospective analyses identified the baseline level of condom use as the best predictor of condom use at the 6-month followup Adolescents who were consistent condom users at baseline were 7.4 times as likely to be consistent condom users during the follow-up period. Of those adolescents changing their frequency of condom use during the follow-up interval, significantly more engaged in risky behavior; 33.3% changed from consistent to inconsistent condom use, whereas 20.6% changed from inconsistent to consistent use (OR, 1.6). Conclusions. The findings suggest that HIV prevention programs need to be implemented early, before high-risk behaviors are established and may be more difficult to modify.

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