scholarly journals Giving eyespots a shiner: Pharmacologic manipulation of the Io moth wing pattern

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Andrei Sourakov
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Shock Effect ◽  
The Family

Our knowledge of wing pattern formation in Lepidoptera has advanced significantly in recent years due to the careful examination of several groups of butterflies. The eyespot is a prominent feature of Lepidoptera wing pattern, especially in the family Saturniidae. The present study examined how sulfated polysaccharides, which are known to simulate cold shock effect in nymphalid butterflies, affected the wing pattern formation of the Io moth, Automeris io (Saturniidae).  Prepupae and pupae of this species were subjected to injections of heparin and cold shock. While the cold shock had little to no effect on wing pattern, the aberrations resulting from heparin injections consisted of moderate to profound increases in melanism around the eyespots. The resulting aberrations are dubbed ‘Black Eye’ and ‘Comet Eye.’ Most other known aberrations of Automeris io eyespots are summarized, illustrated and named.

scholarly journals Giving eyespots a shiner: Pharmacologic manipulation of the Io moth wing pattern

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Sourakov
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Induced Changes

Our knowledge of wing pattern formation in Lepidoptera has advanced significantly in recent years due to the careful examination of several groups of butterflies. The eyespot is a prominent feature of Lepidoptera wing pattern, especially in the family Saturniidae. The present study examined how sulfated polysaccharides affected the wing pattern formation of the Io moth, Automeris io (Saturniidae).  Prepupae and pupae of this species were subjected to injections of heparin and cold shock. While the cold shock had little to no effect on wing pattern, the aberrations resulting from heparin injections were moderate to profound and depended on the dose and the stage at which injection was made. The changes consisted of expansion of the black ring around the dorsal hindwing eyespots and distortion of discal spots on both dorsal and ventral sides of forewings, suggesting a possible link between genetic controls of these elements. Several different types of scales form the normal color pattern of Automeris io, and heparin-induced changes correspond to changes in shape of scales. The resulting aberrations are dubbed ‘Black Eye’ and ‘Comet Eye.’ Other known aberrations of Automeris io eyespots are summarized, illustrated, and named.

Pre-Linnaean pictures of the secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius (J. F. )

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAGNAR K. KINZELBACH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
The Family ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Sub Saharan

The secretarybird, the only species of the family Sagittariidae (Falconiformes), inhabits all of sub-Saharan Africa except the rain forests. Secretarybird, its vernacular name in many languages, may be derived from the Arabic “saqr at-tair”, “falcon of the hunt”, which found its way into French during the crusades. From the same period are two drawings of a “bistarda deserti” in a codex by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (1194–1250). The original sketch obviously, together with other information on birds, came from the court of Sultan al-Kâmil (1180–1238) in Cairo. Careful examination led to an interpretation as Sagittarius serpentarius. Two archaeological sources and one nineteenth century observation strengthened the idea of a former occurrence of the secretarybird in the Egyptian Nile valley. André Thevet (1502–1590), a French cleric and reliable research traveller, described and depicted in 1558 a strange bird, named “Pa” in Persian language, from what he called Madagascar. The woodcut is identified as Sagittarius serpentarius. The text reveals East Africa as the real home of this bird, associated there among others with elephants. From there raises a connection to the tales of the fabulous roc, which feeds its offspring with elephants, ending up in the vernacular name of the extinct Madagascar ostrich as elephantbird.

Who Cares for the Family?

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Land
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Unpaid Labour ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAlthough Britain has never had a set of policies explicitly labelled ‘family policies’, most if not all social policies are implicitly family policies because they are based on certain assumptions about the nature of relationships between the sexes and the generations. By careful examination of the detail of the legislation and administrative rules, together with the way in which services are allocated and used, it is possible to expose these assumptions and show that they are not only consistent between policies but very persistent over time. This paper first examines the assumptions concerning the division of unpaid labour within the family whereby women care for the young, the sick and the old and for able-bodied adult men (their husbands). The examples are selected from a variety of income maintenance systems and services for children, the old and the disabled. Particular attention is focused on the extent to which it is recognized that women are at the same time workers in the labour market and unpaid domestic workers in the home. The second part of the paper analyses the impact on their participation and opportunities in the labour market of the ideology which accords to women the primary responsibilities for caring for other members of their family. The perpetuation of such an ideology favours the interests of men and frequently the interests of the economically powerful, but it is not assumed that these interests always coincide.

SALMONELLA BREDENEY MENINGITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-601
Author(s):  
HOWARD L. KANTOR
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The Family ◽  
Salmonella Meningitis ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

A case of Salmonella bredeney meningitis with recovery in a 19 day old infant is reported. This is the youngest patient with Salmonella meningitis known to have recovered. This is the second known case of Salmonella meningitis with recovery in a patient less than one month of age. Treatment with multiple antibiotics and chemotherapy both parenterally and intrathecally produced rapid improvement. An equally effective supportive blood transfusion may have aided this recovery. The use of chloromycetin after discontinuance of all other antibiotics was effective in producing a clinical recovery without relapse. No sequelae were noted at the end of a three month observation period. Attempts at discovering the carrier state of the infesting organism by careful examination of the family revealed no source of infection.

Pattern formation and pattern selection in the Landau–Ginzburg model of critical phenomena

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 760-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tuszynski ◽  
M. Otwinowski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Critical Phenomena ◽  
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pattern Selection ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this paper we investigate the family of nonlinear partial differential equations used to describe the kinetics of critical phenomena within the Landau–Ginzburg model. An analysis of the recently obtained symmetry-reduction results for a number of such equations is provided from the point of view of pattern formation at criticality. Various possibilities occur depending on the choice of control parameters. An illustration is provided using several physical examples such as metamagnets and liquid crystals.

scholarly journals Macro- and Micro-morphological, Anatomical, Cytological and Phytochemical Properties of Tridax procumbens Linn. (Asteraceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
C. Wuhua ◽  
I.I. Pepple
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

This study examined the macro- and micro-morphological, Anatomical, Cytological and Phytochemical Properties of Tridax procumbens L. in the family Asteraceae. Observations of plant parts aided by measurements were done and these were sectioned following Wahua’s method; root tips squashed with FLP Orcein and qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried out. The slides were viewed using the light compound microscope and photomicrographs were taken after careful examination from good preparations. Macromorphological studies showed the plant grows up to 40cm or more in height. Foliar features revealed opposite, pinnate, oblong to ovate with coarsely serrated margin and acute apex, 4±1.5cm long and 2±1cm wide with petiole up to 1.5±0.5cm in length. The floral structure show cased diameter of each flower head as 1.0±0.4cm while the peduncle is elongated and up to 10±5cm in length; the petal is 0.7±0.2cm in length alongside tubular sepals up to 0.9±0.3cm in length. The stamen is 0.9±0.2cm in length while the carpel is 1.0±0.1cm. Presence of anomocytic stomata which is amphistomatic. Anatomical sections on the mid-ribs, petiole, internodes, nodes and roots revealed peculiar internal features. Mitotic chromosome is 2n=36. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, phenols. The information generated from this study would further aid in the delimitation of the species. Keywords: Tridax procumbens, Morphology, anatomy, cytology, palynology, phytochemistry

scholarly journals The Family of Cold Shock Proteins ofBacillus subtilis

1999 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. 3407-3413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schindler ◽  
Peter L. Graumann ◽  
Dieter Perl ◽  
Saufung Ma ◽  
Franz X. Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Shock ◽  
Ofbacillus Subtilis ◽  
Cold Shock Proteins ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals Solution structure of the cold-shock-like protein fromRickettsia rickettsii

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1284-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle P. Gerarden ◽  
Andrew M. Fuchs ◽  
Jonathan M. Koch ◽  
Melissa M. Mueller ◽  
David R. Graupner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solution Structure ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever ◽  
Cold Shock Proteins ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
The Family ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Shock Proteins

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused byRickettsia rickettsiiinfection.R. rickettsiican be transmitted to mammals, including humans, through the bite of an infected hard-bodied tick of the family Ixodidae. Since theR. rickettsiigenome contains only one cold-shock-like protein and given the essential nature of cold-shock proteins in other bacteria, the structure of the cold-shock-like protein fromR. rickettsiiwas investigated. With the exception of a short α-helix found between β-strands 3 and 4, the solution structure of theR. rickettsiicold-shock-like protein has the typical Greek-key five-stranded β-barrel structure found in most cold-shock domains. Additionally, theR. rickettsiicold-shock-like protein, with a ΔGof unfolding of 18.4 kJ mol−1, has a similar stability when compared with other bacterial cold-shock proteins.

scholarly journals Phyllotactic pattern formation in early stages of cactus ontogeny

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta M. Gola
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Phyllotactic Pattern ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family

Representatives of the family <em>Cactaceae</em> are characterized by a wide range of phyllotaxis. To assess the origin of this diversity, early stages of phyllotactic pattern formation were examined in seedlings. The analysis of the sequence of areole initiation revealed intertribal differences. In seedlings from the <em>Trichocereeae</em> (<em>Gymnocalycium</em>, <em>Rebutia</em>) and <em>Notocacteae</em> (<em>Parodia</em>) tribes, two opposite cotyledonal areoles developed as the first elements of a pattern. Usually, next pair of areoles was initiated perpendicularly to cotyledonal areoles, starting the decussate pattern. This pattern was subsequently transformed into bijugate or into simple spiral phyllotaxis. In seedlings from the <em>Cacteae</em> tribe (<em>Mammillaria</em> and <em>Thelocactus</em>), cotyledonal areoles were never observed and the first areoles always appeared in the space between cotyledons. It was either areole pair (mainly in <em>Mammillaria</em>), starting a decussate pattern, or a single areole (mainly in <em>Thelocactus</em>) quickly followed by areoles spirally arranged, usually in accordance with the main Fibonacci phyllotaxis. Differences in the initial stages of pattern formation do not fully explain the phyllotaxis diversity in mature cacti. Only two, the most common phyllotactic patterns occurred in the early development of studied seedlings, i.e. the main Fibonacci and the decussate pattern. Discrepancy in the range of phyllotactic spectra in seedlings and in mature plants suggests that phyllotaxis diversity emerges during further plant growth. Initial phyllotactic transformations, occurring already in the very early stages, indicate great plasticity of cactus growth and seem to support the hypothesis of the ontogenetic increase of phyllotaxis diversity due to transformations.

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