scholarly journals Educational sessions may not be enough to improve knowledge about hand hygiene: Assessing the knowledge about hand hygiene of health workers before and after an educational workshop in Sudan

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab B. Abdalrahman ◽  
Sara Shamat ◽  
Sara Mamoun ◽  
Reem Abdelraheem ◽  
Esraa Salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Educational Workshop

Background: In an attempt to defeat the high prevalence of health care associated infections, by raising the awareness about hand hygiene, we implemented a quasi-experimental study as part of a quality improvement project to evaluate the efficacy of focused educational workshop on knowledge about hand hygiene among health care workers in Sudan. Methods: Seventy-three participants were recruited from two public hospitals and one private hospital in Khartoum, Sudan in September 2017. The knowledge before and after the educational workshop was assessed for each participant using the World Health Organization hygiene associated infection questionnaire. We analyzed data using SPSS v22 and used McNemar’s test to compare knowledge before and after the workshop. Results: Around 40% of participants worked in general ward and 85% of them were women. Almost 70% were midwives or nurses. The mean age of participants was 28.4 years. We compared the knowledge of hand hygiene between nurses and doctors before the workshop, and the results showed that nurses had better knowledge in almost all aspects of hand hygiene. When we compared the knowledge before and immediately after the workshop for all participants, we found that there was no significant improvement in almost all aspects of knowledge about hand hygiene (P>0.05). Conclusion: Comparing the knowledge before and after the workshop, we found no significant improvement in almost all aspects of hand hygiene. Of note, nurses’ knowledge about hand hygiene was consistently higher than doctors.  Additional studies are needed to identify the optimal design of educational sessions.

scholarly journals Hand hygiene compliance among rural healthcare workers of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Rajbhandari ◽  
Reshu Agrawal Sagtani ◽  
Kedar Prasad Baral
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Introductions: Transmission of healthcare associated infections through contaminated hands of healthcare workers are common. This study was designed to explore the existing compliance of hand hygiene among the healthcare workers workings in different level of health care centers of Makwanpur district of Nepal. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in Makwanpur district, Nepal, during 2015. Healthcare workers from nine healthcare centers were selected randomly for the study. Standard observation checklists and World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene were used to assess the compliance of hand hygiene during patient care. Results: There were 74 participants. Overall compliance for hand washing was 24.25% (range 19.63 to 45.56). Complete steps of hand washing were performed by 38.3% of health care workers. The factors associated for noncompliance were lack of time (29.3%), example set by seniors (20%), absence or inadequate institution protocol (20%) and unfavourable health care setting (> 20%). Conclusions: Overall hand washing compliance rate amongst the healthcare workers in rural health facilities of Nepal were low (24.25%).

scholarly journals Hospital knowledge and practice of doctors and nurses regarding hand hygiene in a survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-132
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION. The guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 regarding hand hygiene (HH) in health care provided health care professionals with scientific evidence that argued that HH principles should be respected when dealing with patients. Despite the passage of years and strenuous attempts to introduce these recommendations to the Polish health care facilities for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), these principles are still not being implemented in an optimal way for the patient’s safety. OBJECTIVE OF WORK. The aim was to examine the views and attitudes of physicians (L) and nurses (P) towards the WHO rules of hand hygiene. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was performed by means of a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire of our own design; random sampling was used. The study involved 231 LP: 173 (74.9%) women, 58 (25.1%) men, including 93 (40.3%) doctors and 138 (59.7%) nurses. The study was conducted in a multiprofile hospital in Małopolska in 2017. The difference between what the respondents think (their views) and what they do in reality (what attitudes they display) was examined in relation to WHO principles, such as wearing natural short nails and jewelry on their hands. RESULTS. Negative practice of observing these HH principles in relation to views was detected (R = -0.014, p<0.05, R2 = 0.016). Respondents supported the view that the ring could affect HAI and rarely used it in practice, the practice was positive (R = 0.298, p <0.001, R2 = 0.085). Women strongly emphasized the view that wearing long nails has an impact on HAI spread, but in practice they often declared keeping long nails, practice was negative (R = -0.241, p <0.01, R2 = 0.054). In response to the question about the impact of nail painting on the spread of HAI, this view was poorly represented, in practice some of them wore painted nails, the practice was negative (R = -0.226, p <0.01, R2 = 0.045). CONCLUSION. Despite high support for the principles of hand hygiene, in practice, these principles were not always respected, the impact on the practice was negative in areas such as: general adherence to the HH principles, wearing long and painted nails. The compatibility of views with practice was detected in relation to wearing a wedding ring.

IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF HAND HYGIENE IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS TOWARD INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Ruby Naz ◽  
Akil Hussain ◽  
Sameena Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a major concern in the intensive care units (ICU)and postoperative wards. HAIs prolonged the stay of patient in hospital and increase the cost of treatment and morbidity. In ICU, stroke unit, neurosurgery ward burn unit patients are prone to have a variety of nosocomial infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) has described HAIs as one of the infectious diseases which have a huge economic impact on health industry. (1). many health workers like Staff Nurses, resident doctors and housekeeping are in direct or indirect contact with the Patients and surrounding in wards around the clock. These HCW play major role in preventing and controlling HAIs. In overpopulated country like India majority of public hospitals are overcrowded.

Hand Hygiene and Infection Control

Nursing OSCEs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Students ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Heath Care ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Each year hundreds of millions of people contract an infection while in the receipt of heath care. At any time 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from an infectious complication associated with health care (WHO 2005). Health care acquired infections not only lead to pain discomfort, disability, and possible death for the recipient but also place a huge emotional and physical burden on relatives and carers. In England and Wales an average of one in 11,000 people die of a hospital acquired infection (HAI) each year; this figure rises to 1 in 300 for patients over the age of 80 (Bandolier 2006). Hospital admission is now a major risk factor for health care related infection (Gould 2009). In 2007 around 9,000 people in England died with an MRSA bloodstream infection or related Clostridium difficile infection (National Audit Office 2009). These figures do not include deaths from other HAIs so in fact the number of deaths from HAIs could be greater. In addition, it is also believed that many people die from a health care acquired infection which is not identified on the death certificate. In England, health care related infections have been estimated to cost a billion pounds annually (WHO 2005). The World Health Organization has identified hand hygiene as the primary measure to reduce infections (WHO 2009). Everyone involved in the provision of health care must be trained in effective hand decontamination (NICE 2003). Unclean hands move microorganisms from one place to another. Transmission of infection by hands has been identified with recent hospital outbreaks of MRSA and Clostridium difficile. Good hand hygiene is one of the most effective methods of reducing hospital acquired infections. Hand decontamination removes transient bacteria acquired from recent contact with an infected item or person. While hand decontamination is advocated before contact with every patient regardless of setting, patients in hospital are at greatest risk of acquiring an infection. In the UK 7.6% of patients admitted to hospital become infected. In England the figure is even higher at 8.19% (Nazarko 2008). It is essential for health care students to not only be able to perform effective hand washing, but also understand the principles of the procedure, as well as the possible physical, emotional and financial consequences of failing to perform hand hygiene.

scholarly journals New Health Care Reform and Impoverishment among Chronic Households in China: A Random-Intercept Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Anupam Garrib ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization

High out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for chronic disease care often contribute directly to household poverty. Although previous studies have explored the determinants of impoverishment in China, few published studies have compared levels of impoverishment before and after the New Health Care Reform (NHCR) in households with members with chronic diseases (hereafter referred to as chronic households). Our study explored this using data from the fourth and fifth National Health Service Surveys conducted in Shaanxi Province. In total, 1938 households in 2008 and 7700 households in 2013 were included in the analysis. Rates of impoverishment were measured using a method proposed by the World Health Organization. Multilevel logistic modeling was used to explore the influence of the NHCR on household impoverishment. Our study found that the influence of NHCR on impoverishment varied by residential location. After the reform, in rural areas, there was a significant decline in impoverishment, although the impoverishment rate remained high. There was little change in urban areas. In addition, impoverishment in the poorest households did not decline after the NHCR. Our findings are important for policy makers in particular for evaluating reform effectiveness, informing directions for health policy improvement, and highlighting achievements in the efforts to alleviate the economic burden of households that have members with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Determinants of success and sustainability of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene promotion campaign, Italy, 2007–2008 and 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Moro ◽  
Filomena Morsillo ◽  
Simona Nascetti ◽  
Mita Parenti ◽  
Benedetta Allegranzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Hand Hygiene Compliance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Hygiene Promotion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Implementation Progress

A national hand hygiene promotion campaign based on the World Health Organization (WHO) multimodal, Clean Care is Safer Care campaign was launched in Italy in 2007. One hundred seventy-five hospitals from 14 of 20 Italian regions participated. Data were collected using methods and tools provided by the WHO campaign, translated into Italian. Hand hygiene compliance, ward infrastructure, and healthcare workers’ knowledge and perception of healthcare-associated infections and hand hygiene were evaluated before and after campaign implementation. Compliance data from the 65 hospitals returning complete data for all implementation tools were analysed using a multilevel approach. Overall, hand hygiene compliance increased in the 65 hospitals from 40% to 63% (absolute increase: 23%, 95% confidence interval: 22–24%). A wide variation in hand hygiene compliance among wards was observed; inter-ward variability significantly decreased after campaign implementation and the level of perception was the only item associated with this. Long-term sustainability in 48 of these 65 hospitals was assessed in 2014 using the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework tool. Of the 48 hospitals, 44 scored in the advanced/intermediate categories of hand hygiene implementation progress. The median hand hygiene compliance achieved at the end of the 2007–2008 campaign appeared to be sustained in 2014.

scholarly journals Accurate Measurement of Handwash Quality Using Sensor Armbands: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofan Wang ◽  
Zhanna Sarsenbayeva ◽  
Xiuge Chen ◽  
Tilman Dingler ◽  
Jorge Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Video Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND Hand hygiene is a crucial and cost-effective method to prevent health care–associated infections, and in 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidelines to encourage and standardize hand hygiene procedures. However, a common challenge in health care settings is low adherence, leading to low handwashing quality. Recent advances in machine learning and wearable sensing have made it possible to accurately measure handwashing quality for the purposes of training, feedback, or accreditation. OBJECTIVE We measured the accuracy of a sensor armband (Myo armband) in detecting the steps and duration of the WHO procedures for handwashing and handrubbing. METHODS We recruited 20 participants (10 females; mean age 26.5 years, SD 3.3). In a semistructured environment, we collected armband data (acceleration, gyroscope, orientation, and surface electromyography data) and video data from each participant during 15 handrub and 15 handwash sessions. We evaluated the detection accuracy for different armband placements, sensor configurations, user-dependent vs user-independent models, and the use of bootstrapping. RESULTS Using a single armband, the accuracy was 96% (SD 0.01) for the user-dependent model and 82% (SD 0.08) for the user-independent model. This increased when using two armbands to 97% (SD 0.01) and 91% (SD 0.04), respectively. Performance increased when the armband was placed on the forearm (user dependent: 97%, SD 0.01; and user independent: 91%, SD 0.04) and decreased when placed on the arm (user dependent: 96%, SD 0.01; and user independent: 80%, SD 0.06). In terms of bootstrapping, user-dependent models can achieve more than 80% accuracy after six training sessions and 90% with 16 sessions. Finally, we found that the combination of accelerometer and gyroscope minimizes power consumption and cost while maximizing performance. CONCLUSIONS A sensor armband can be used to measure hand hygiene quality relatively accurately, in terms of both handwashing and handrubbing. The performance is acceptable using a single armband worn in the upper arm but can substantially improve by placing the armband on the forearm or by using two armbands. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Hand hygiene practices and resources in a teaching hospital in Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Edwin Yawson ◽  
Afua A. J Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
West African ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Introduction: Nosocomial infections have long been neglected in Sub-Saharan Africa, and hand hygiene (HH) is usually neglected in hospital settings. This study aimed to provide baseline data on HH compliance among health workers and HH resources in a large West African teaching hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional, unobtrusive observational study assessed personal and care-related HH compliance among doctors and nurses and HH resources in 15 service provision centres of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana, in 2011. Data was collected with an infection prevention checklist and health worker HH compliance form, based on World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Care-related HH compliance of doctors and nurses was low and basic HH resources were deficient in all 15 service centres. Care-related HH compliance among doctors ranged from 9.2% to 57% and 9.6% to 54% among nurses. HH compliance was higher when risk was perceived to be higher (i.e., in the emergency and wound dressing/treatment rooms and labour wards). The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) showed the highest level of compliance among health workers. Facilities for HH, particularly alcohol hand rub and liquid soap dispensers were shown to be deficient. Conclusion: Care-related HH compliance among doctors and nurses in this large West African hospital is low; however, the NICU, which had implemented HH interventions, had better HH compliance. HH intervention programs should be designed and promoted in all service centres. Also, the introduction of alcohol-based hand rubs as an accessible and effective HH alternative in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital is recommended.

scholarly journals Visualising Primary Health Care: World Health Organization Representations of Community Health Workers, 1970–89

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Medcalf ◽  
João Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

For the World Health Organization (WHO), the 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration marked a move away from the disease-specific and technologically-focused programmes of the 1950s and 1960s towards a reimagined strategy to provide ‘Health for All by the Year 2000’. This new approach was centred on primary health care, a vision based on acceptable methods and appropriate technologies, devised in collaboration with communities and dependent on their full participation. Since 1948, the WHO had used mass communications strategies to publicise its initiatives and shape public attitudes, and the policy shift in the 1970s required a new visual strategy. In this context, community health workers (CHWs) played a central role as key visual identifiers of Health for All. This article examines a period of picturing and public information work on the part of the WHO regarding CHWs. It sets out to understand how the visual politics of the WHO changed to accommodate PHC as a new priority programme from the 1970s onwards. The argument tracks attempts to define CHWs and examines the techniques employed by the WHO during the 1970s and early 1980s to promote the concept to different audiences around the world. It then moves to explore how the process was evaluated, as well as the difficulties in procuring fresh imagery. Finally, the article traces these representations through the 1980s, when community approaches came under sustained pressure from external and internal factors and imagery took on the supplementary role of defending the concept.

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