CZECH NATIONAL STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND LINKED ACTIVITIES

The article presents topical news on intelligent transport systems policy, strategy, and linked activities in the Czech Republic. It introduces historical background, relation to other documents, and current development in 2021. The Strategy of Development of Intelligent Transport Systems 2021-2027 with a View to 2050 (in force since January 2021) is the core document. The strategy is introduced by its context, methodology and structure of the content. Focus on coming years is included in this article, too: essential support for the ITS policy brings the online ITS Library (https://www.its-knihovna.cz), a knowledge database, described here with its certain parts and space for supportive tools. The tools enable to manage information on implementation progress, selected progress indicators and monitoring of ITS data quality, expressed by data conformance testing and publishing. The conclusion chapter gives a general overview on implementation of the Strategy and the ITS Library in the future.

Farmers’ Satisfaction with Land Expropriation System Reform: A Case Study in China

Farmers’ satisfaction with reform of the land expropriation system has not been fully examined, so it is difficult to comprehensively and successfully judge the effectiveness of the reforms. Traditional statistical methods cannot accurately explain the relationship between the variables. In order to fully understand the implementation, progress, and applicability of land expropriation system reform, this paper analyzes the factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction, presents the shortcomings of land expropriation system reform, and puts forward improvement suggestions. Taking the land expropriation system reform pilot in Dingzhou city as an example, this paper investigates the satisfaction of the farmers who have had their land expropriated by establishing a structural equation model (SEM) to obtain feedback on the implementation effect of the pilot work. The results show that the factors affecting farmers’ satisfaction with the reform of land expropriation systems can be summarized into four variables: land expropriation compensation standard, land income distribution, land expropriation security mode, and land expropriation procedure. The parameter estimation between these four potential variables and their corresponding observation variables shows that, in the process of land expropriation, the comparison of land expropriation compensation standards and observation variables with market entry projects is an important factor affecting the satisfaction of farmers with regard to land expropriation. The income of municipal and county governments and village collective incomes have a great impact on farmers, indicating that the satisfaction of farmers is not only related to the absolute level of compensation and income, but is also affected by the relative level. In addition, providing farmers with a variety of reasonable security methods is an important element to enable the smooth progress of land expropriation. Furthermore, attention should also be paid to the formulation of land expropriation schemes and emergency plans to solve land expropriation conflicts.

Current situation and solutions to accelerate the implementation of gas projects in Vietnam to effectively exploit domestic resources

Ensuring the implementation progress of Vietnam's major gas projects (Block B, Ca Voi Xanh and Ken Bau) with early gas flow to the shore not only provides gas for power projects on time in accordance with the draft National Power Development Master Plan for the 2021 - 2030 period, with a vision to 2045 (draft Power Master Plan VIII), but also maintains the momentum of economic growth and increase revenues for the State budget. Vietnam needs solutions to accelerate the progress of projects to bring gas to shore to ensure energy security (meeting the increasing domestic gas demand), and to convert gas resources into national budget in the trend of energy transition and efficiency of investment capital (for projects having state-owned enterprise’s capital). The article analyses the fluctuation of State budget revenue when gas projects are slow to be put into operation, compares the national benefits of gas extraction projects with LNG import, and thereby recommends solutions to put gas projects into early operation.

Structuring complexity? A systemic perspective on the implementation of a disease management programme for type II diabetes care in Denmark

Chronic diseases are major causes of death and reduction in the quality of life worldwide, and their prevalence is expected to rise due to changing demographics. Disease management programmes (DMPs) have been presented as a policy response to challenges of care coordination for such chronic diseases. This paper investigates the implementation of DMPs in a National Health Care system in the Nordic region using type II diabetes as an example. DMPs are detailed descriptions of the sequence and responsibilities for diagnostic, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention procedures. The paper applies a systemic implementation perspective to provide detailed analysis of implementation progress, issues and concerns. The implementation analysis shows that the framework of DMP has facilitated the development of new practices and attention to the roles that each of the stakeholders are playing within the service delivery. Many new initiatives contribute to improved coordination and overall management of the Type 2 diabetes (T2DB) population. Yet, there are also several cross-cutting challenges that are affecting the implementation process.

Implementation and Impact of National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy in China: Evidence from the National Drug Procurement Database

Background Chinese government implemented the first round of National Centralized Drug Procurement pilot in 4 municipalities and 7 sub-provincial cities in 2019, so called "4 + 7" policy. This study evaluated the implementation and impact of “4 + 7” policy. Methods This study used drug purchase data from China Drug Supply Information Platform (CDSIP) database. “4 + 7” policy-related drugs were selected as study samples, including 25 drugs in the “4 + 7” List and 92 alternative drugs that have an alternative relationship with “4 + 7” List drugs in clinical use. “4 + 7” List drugs were divided into bid-winning and non-winning products. We applied Defined Daily Doses (DDDs), DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), purchase expenditures, and Defined Daily Drug cost (DDDc) as outcome variables. Interrupted time-series was adopted to quantity policy effect. Results As of December 2019, the completion rate of overall bid-winning drugs in 9 pilot cities reached 154.40%, and the completion rate of 25 bid-winning drugs ranged between 74.77% and 477.75%. After policy intervention, the DID of bid-winning drugs, “4 + 7” List drugs, alterative drugs, as well as the overall policy-related drugs increased by 545.18%, 14.03%, 12.21%, and 13.04% in pilot cities. Bid-winning drugs significantly increased 132.84 million DDDs (p < 0.001) in volume and 48.95 million CNY (p < 0.05) in expenditures, and dropped 6.35 CNY (p < 0.001) in DDDc. The volume proportion of bid-winning products increased from 12.67–71.66%. The DDDc of non-winning drugs increased 0.94 CNY (p < 0.001). Overall, the DDDc of policy-related drugs dropped 1.38 CNY (p < 0.001), and the expenditures decreased 634.68 million CNY (p < 0.001). Conclusion An overall satisfying implementation progress of “4 + 7” policy was observed in pilot cities. The policy alleviated the medication burdens of patients, which is supported by the significant reduction in DDDc and costs of policy-related drugs. The accessibility and consumption of policy-related drugs improved. However, monitoring regarding the clinical use of policy-related drugs will still be necessary in the future.

Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction Annual Report 2020

The Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) is a partnership between the Government of Japan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) that provides grants and technical assistance to reduce poverty in ADB’s developing member countries. It also promotes long-term social and economic development in the countries, to add substantive value and development impact to ADB assistance. This annual report covers the period from 1 January to 31 December 2020 and presents the background, project implementation progress, and achievements of the JFPR. It also highlights 2021 priorities.

Telaah Singkat Kebijakan Akreditasi Bagi Lembaga Uji Kesesuaian Pesawat Sinar-X

Brief Review of Accreditation Policy For X-Ray Compliance Testing Laboratory The Compli¬ance Test Program has been Implemented Since 2011 and The Updated Regulation was in 2018. According to the implementation progress, adjustments are needed to the dynamics of the problems that arise. In 2021, it is planned to prepare a draft amendment to BAPETEN Regulation Number 2 of 2018; therefore, an analysis of the implementation profile of the regulation is carried out to identify existing obstacles. One of the problems identified is the polemic of the urgency of accreditation obligations for the Compliance Testing Laboratory, which is the institution appointed by the Head of BAPETEN to carry out compliance tests and issue compliance certificates. Currently, 78% of laboratories are not accredited, most of which are importing companies. Therefore, it will have implications for reducing laboratory availability and constraining the compliance test process in health facilities. This paper aims to identify aspects that can hinder the application for laboratory accreditation, especially for importing companies, and the proposed solution that can recommend. This paper uses a regulatory impact analysis approach. The study results show that laboratory accreditation is essential to maintain the quality of services, competencies, and outputs of the laboratory so that four options that LUK can take are proposed in dealing with obstacles in applying for accreditation. This paper can provide contributions in preparing the draft amendments to BAPETEN Regulation Number 2 of 2018.

NATIONAL PHYSICS OLYMPIADS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PARTICIPANTS AND PHYSICS TEACHERS

The development of student's interests and skills is strategically important to foster their career choice in the field of science, technology and engineering, which is one of the goals of Latvia's National Development Plan for 2021-2027. Physics Olympiads can be used as one of the enrichment measures to supplement formal school teaching in raising student motivation and developing their skills and talents. We explore directions in which the existing system of Physics Olympiads can be improved, with the goals of reaching a wider audience of teachers and students and achieving further integration with the learning processes in schools. We have conducted a survey of physics teachers (NT=188), and participants (NP=486) of the second (county) stage of Latvian Physics Olympiad in January 2020. The aim of the survey was to find out: 1) What motivates students to participate and teachers to encourage participation in Physics Olympiads? 2) What resources are used for training? 3) What further support would students and teachers need for training for the Olympics? Based on the results of the survey, we propose specific measures to support teachers and students in their engagement with Physics Olympiads, report on the implementation progress, and give an outlook for the future.