scholarly journals The many roads to psychosis: recent advances in understanding risk and mechanisms

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie E. Bearden ◽  
Jennifer K. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Many ◽  
Major Progress

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness which frequently leads to substantial lifelong disability. The past five years have seen major progress in our understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this disorder. Two major barriers to understanding the core biological processes that underlie schizophrenia and developing better interventions are (1) the absence of etiologically defined biomarkers and (2) the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of the disorder. Here, we review recent advances that have led to changes in our understanding of risk factors and mechanisms involved in the development of schizophrenia. In particular, mechanistic and clinically oriented approaches have now converged on a focus on disruptions in early neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity as being critical for both understanding trajectories and intervening to change them. Translating these new findings into treatments that substantively change the lives of patients is the next major challenge for the field.

Lithium and clozapine in suicidality: shedding some light to get out of the dark

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Riesselman ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Emma Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
The Past

Abstract Introduction Suicide is currently on the rise with rates increasing alarmingly during the past decade. There are many risk factors for suicidal behavior, and mental illness is at the top of the list. Methods Although a variety of medications have been evaluated in the literature, lithium and clozapine continue to have the most evidence supporting their use in decreasing suicidality. Results It is clear that medications are indispensable regarding the reduction of suicidality; however, a holistic approach must be taken when caring for this patient population. Discussion This review focuses on the specific role that lithium and clozapine have in the reduction of suicidal behavior.

Recent advances in β-lactam synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (38) ◽  
pp. 6840-6852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedmorteza Hosseyni ◽  
Aliasghar Jarrahpour
Keyword(s):  
Past Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances

During the past century, β-lactams have been identified as the core of penicillin and since then several strategies have been developed for their synthesis.

Free Banking

2015 ◽  
pp. 212-244
Author(s):  
Kevin Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Government Intervention ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Free Banking ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Objective ◽  
Core Theory ◽  
The Many

This chapter provides an overview of the issues raised by free banking. A central objective is to set out the core theory of free banking, draw out its predictions, and then compare those predictions against the abundant historical evidence from the many free (or relatively free) banking systems of the past. The evidence is largely supportive of the predictions of free banking theory and, in particular, of its claim that an unregulated banking system would be stable. The evidence also supports the predictions made by free banking theory that government intervention weakens the financial system—often in profound and misunderstood ways—and causes many of the problems it is ostensibly meant to cure.

scholarly journals A case for psychosocial interventions to prevent mental illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
Tom K. J. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Psychosocial Conditions ◽  
The Many

SUMMARYThe development of effective preventions for psychosis is hindered by conceptual challenges underlying diagnosis and the fact that few of the many biological risk factors identified to date are sufficiently well understood to form the basis of a targeted intervention. On the other hand, a great deal is known of the psychosocial conditions that increase the lifetime risk of most mental illnesses: surely enough to justify better resourcing of interventions focused on antenatal care and the emotional well-being of children from the early years through adolescence, where as much as a half of all mental ill health has its roots.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Vertically Aligned Nanowires for Photonics Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Sehui Chang ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Young Song
Keyword(s):  
Packing Fraction ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Structural Coloration ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Fabrication Cost ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Vertically Aligned

Over the past few decades, nanowires have arisen as a centerpiece in various fields of application from electronics to photonics, and, recently, even in bio-devices. Vertically aligned nanowires are a particularly decent example of commercially manufacturable nanostructures with regard to its packing fraction and matured fabrication techniques, which is promising for mass-production and low fabrication cost. Here, we track recent advances in vertically aligned nanowires focused in the area of photonics applications. Begin with the core optical properties in nanowires, this review mainly highlights the photonics applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, spectral filters, structural coloration and artificial retina using vertically aligned nanowires with the essential fabrication methods based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Finally, the remaining challenges will be briefly discussed to provide future directions.

The Garry David Case

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Parker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many

A prisoner with an antisocial personality disorder had almost completed his sentence for attempted murder and there was considerable public concern over his imminent release. The article discusses the many attempts made by the Victorian Government during the past six months to detain him. A recommendation was made to change the Mental Health Act 1986 by including personality disorders as a form of “mental illness”. The outcome of such advice has enormous implications for the practice of psychiatry in Victoria.

Finding Meaning With Creativity in the Past, Present, and Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Connection ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
The Many ◽  
Desirable Trait

Being creative is considered a desirable trait, yet most empirical studies emphasize how to increase creativity rather than explore its possible benefits. A natural connection is how creativity can enhance life’s meaning. Many of the core concepts in work on the meaning of life, such as the needs for coherence, significance, and purpose or the desire for symbolic immortality, can be reached through creative activity. The synthesis of these two constructs—creativity and the meaning of life—is discussed with a temporal model encompassing past, present, and future pathways to creativity. The past pathway can help one understand and reflect on life. The present pathway can remind one of life’s joy and the many possible connections with humanity. Finally, the future pathway strives to ensure some type of legacy that may resonate with younger generations.

scholarly journals Recognition Interface of the Thrombin Binding Aptamer Requires Antiparallel Topology of the Quadruplex Core

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Julia Svetlova ◽  
Makar Sardushkin ◽  
Natalia Kolganova ◽  
Edward Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Protein Recognition ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
G Quadruplex

Recent advances in G-quadruplex (GQ) studies have provided evidence for their important role in key biological processes (replication, transcription, genome stability, and epigenetics). These findings imply highly specific interactions between GQ structures and cellular proteins. The details of the interaction between GQs and cellular proteins remain unknown. It is now accepted that GQ loop elements play a major role in protein recognition. It remains unclear whether and to what extent the GQ core contributes to maintaining the recognition interface. In the current paper, we used the thrombin binding aptamer as a model to study the effect of modification in the quadruplex core on the ability of aptamer to interact with thrombin. We used alpha-2′-deoxyguanosine and 8-bromo-2′-deoxyguanosine to reconfigure the core or to affect syn–anti preferences of selected dG-residues. Our data suggest that core guanines not only support a particular type of GQ architecture, but also set structural parameters that make GQ protein recognition sensitive to quadruplex topology.

A Rigorous Dialectic: Writing and Thinking in History

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Jack Schneider ◽  
Sivan Zakai
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Historical Thinking ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
The Many ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Background Context

Background/Context As prior research has established, historical thinking is shaped by disciplinary-specific reading and writing. Yet while our understanding of historical reading is relatively strong, our understanding of historical writing—and particularly, the core processes at work in historical writing—is less robust. Purpose This research project seeks to advance our collective understanding of historical writing by categorizing the core processes at work in the development of expertise. Participants The study examined the work of doctoral students beginning to write their dissertations. As graduate students pursuing Ph.D.s from top research universities, they were experienced in the role of history; but as writers of history, they were novices learning to construct historical scholarship. Research Design A qualitative study drawing upon survey and interview data, this project traces the historical writing process of a group of writers working on sustained historical writing projects across a year of their development. Findings Among the many skills of historical writers, four particular authorial dispositions stand out as critical. Historical writers, we find, are adept at finding patterns; they are adept at telling engaging and plausible stories; they are adept at modifying their positions; and they are adept at faithfully translating the “foreignness” of the past for a wider audience. Conclusions We recommend that K—12 and college educators establish clear goals with regard to what they want students to be able to do, and that they include among those goals the signature competencies of historical writers.

A Review on the Beneficiation of Ultra-Lean Iron Ores

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Zhuo Yue Lan ◽  
Xiu Juan Li ◽  
Si Qing Liu ◽  
Wan Ping Wang ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Efficient Separation ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Ore Grade

Nowadays, the demand of Chinese market for iron ores exceeds the supply. However, more than 90% the iron ores in China is of low grade with 30%Fe in average; the sub-marginal and ultra lean ores account for 40% of the total. Therefore, research on the beneficiation of above ores is extremely significant. This article reviews the present situation and technical problems on utilization of the lean iron ores in China over the past years. Moreover, the major progress in the technology and equipment is summarized. Efficient separation as well as energy saving is still the core in utilization of the ore. Emphasis is placed on different processes developed in upgrading the ore grade to plants and realizing the comprehensive utilization problems.

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