scholarly journals The Norwegian public’s ability to assess treatment claims: results of a cross-sectional study of critical health literacy

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Astrid Dahlgren ◽  
Kjetil Furuseth-Olsen ◽  
Christopher James Rose ◽  
Andrew David Oxman
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Health Literacy ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Treatment Claims

Background: Few studies have evaluated the ability of the general public to assess the trustworthiness of claims about the effects of healthcare. For the most part, those studies have used self-reported measures of critical health literacy. Methods: We mailed 4500 invitations to Norwegian adults. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of four online questionnaires that included multiple-choice questions that test understanding of Key Concepts people need to understand to assess healthcare claims. They also included questions about intended behaviours and self-efficacy. One of the four questionnaires was identical to one previously used in two randomised trials of educational interventions in Uganda, facilitating comparisons to Ugandan children, parents, and teachers. We adjusted the results using demographic data to reflect the population. Results: A total of 771 people responded. The adjusted proportion of Norwegian adults who answered correctly was > 50% for 17 of the 30 Key Concepts. On the other hand, less than half answered correctly for 13 concepts. The results for Norwegian adults were better than the results for Ugandan children in the intervention arm of the trial and parents, and similar to those of Ugandan teachers in the intervention arm of the trial. Based on self-report, most Norwegians are likely to find out the basis of treatment claims, but few consider it easy to assess whether claims are based on research and to assess the trustworthiness of research. Conclusions: Norwegian adults do not understand many concepts that are essential for assessing healthcare claims and making informed choices.Future interventions should be tailored to address Key Concepts for which there appears to be a lack of understanding.

scholarly journals The Norwegian public’s ability to assess treatment claims: results of a cross-sectional study of critical health literacy

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Dahlgren ◽  
Kjetil Furuseth-Olsen ◽  
Christopher James Rose ◽  
Andrew David Oxman
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Health Literacy ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Treatment Claims

Background: Few studies have evaluated the ability of the general public to assess the trustworthiness of claims about the effects of healthcare. For the most part, those studies have used self-reported measures of critical health literacy. Methods: We mailed 4500 invitations to Norwegian adults. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of four online tests that included multiple-choice questions that test understanding of Key Concepts people need to understand to assess healthcare claims. They also included questions about intended behaviours and self-efficacy. One of the four tests was identical to one previously used in two randomised trials of educational interventions in Uganda, facilitating comparisons to Ugandan children, parents, and teachers. We adjusted the results using demographic data to reflect the population. Results: A total of 771 people responded. We estimate that at least half of Norwegian adults understand 18 of the 30 Key Concepts (i.e. the adjusted proportion of correct answers was > 50%). On the other hand, less than half understood 13 of the concepts. The results for Norwegian adults were better than the results for Ugandan children in the intervention arm of the trial and parents, and similar to those of Ugandan teachers in the intervention arm of the trial. Based on self-report, most Norwegians are likely to find out the basis of treatment claims, but few consider it easy to assess whether claims are based on research and to assess the trustworthiness of research. Conclusions: Norwegian adults do not understand many concepts that are essential for assessing healthcare claims and making informed choices. This can result in poorly informed decisions, underuse of effective interventions, and overuse of ineffective or harmful interventions.

scholarly journals The relation between emotion regulation and migraine: A cross-cultural study on the moderating effect of culture

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Wolf ◽  
Daisuke Danno ◽  
Takao Takeshima ◽  
Linda MG Vancleef ◽  
Hiroo Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotion Suppression ◽  
Online Study

Background Effects of emotion suppression on physical health might be contingent on culture. Existing research on emotion regulation has mainly included western participants. Herewith the question arises, whether this gained expertise is transferable to an Asian culture. Objectives This cross-sectional study evaluated to what extent the regulation of emotions is related to migraine and if the relation between emotion regulation and migraine complaints differs between a Western and an Asian population. Therefore, the main characteristics and symptoms of patients with migraine from both Germany and Japan are compared. Methods 261 Japanese and 347 German headache patients participated in this online study and completed self-report measures of emotion regulation (suppression and reappraisal) and headache complaints. Results Cultural groups did not differ regarding their demographic data, intake of medication and number of days with headache. German participants showed significantly higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of emotion suppression compared to Japanese patients. Emotion regulation is not correlated with headache complaints either in the Japanese or in the German patient group. Conclusion Although group differences were found with respect to anxiety and emotion suppression, subsequent regression analysis revealed these differences were unrelated to headache complaints. As our baseline analysis focused on group means, approaches that examine individual reaction patterns to stress and accompanying sensory stimulus processing may prove to be more fruitful and illuminating.

Media exposure, interactive health literacy, and adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sudo ◽  
Yoshiki Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
School Health ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High School Grades ◽  
School Health Education ◽  
Interactive Health

Abstract Background: Few studies have investigated interactive health literacy (IHL)’s relationship with adolescents’ smoking-related behavior. This study investigated IHL’s association with adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking. Materials and methods: We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study of Japanese students enrolled in public junior high school, grades 7–9 (n=1937), who completed a self-report questionnaire. Variables were grade, gender, media exposure [television (TV), internet, and magazines], IHL (interest in learning about health, understanding what they hear about health, trying to follow what is taught about health), and susceptibility to future smoking. Results: Significant findings were: [1] media exposure was positively associated with adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking (TV: p<0.01, internet: p<0.01, magazines: p<0.01); [2] IHL was negatively associated with adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking (interest in learning about health: p<0.001; understanding what they hear about health: p<0.05; trying to follow what is taught about health: p<0.001). IHL’s influence on susceptibility to future smoking was found to be marginally stronger than that of media exposure. Conclusion: School health-education programs that promote adolescents’ IHL may effectively reduce adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking.

scholarly journals Functional, Communicative, and Critical Health Literacy among Iranian Patients with Heart Failure: a Cross- sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Mahin Nomali ◽  
◽  
Kian Alipasandi ◽  
Ramin Mohammadrezaei ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Level ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major public health with rising prevalence, worldwide. Low health literacy (HL) among patients with HF is associated with clinical outcomes. On the other hand, considering low HL is necessary when designing interventions to improve self-care. Aims and objectives: the aim was to determine functional, communicative and critical HL among Iranian patients with HF. Study Design: This was a cross sectional study. Setting: This study was carried out at the HF clinic of Tehran Heart Center (THC) affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS, Tehran, Iran). Materials and Methods: 210 adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of HF for at least 3 months and with NYHA function class II to IV and an ability of reading and writing Farsi language were included in the study during June 2017 and March 2018 with consecutive sampling. Data were collected in a short form that was included demographic and clinical variables which was completed according to patients` self-report and their clinical records. HL was measured by Heart Failure-Specific HL Scale (Cronbach’s alpha=0.71). Scores were reported totally and in 3 domains of functional, communicative, and critical HL. Scores less than the median was considered as low HL. Statistics: Data were described by descriptive statistics such as frequency and partial frequency distribution for categorical variables and mean, median, standard deviation (SD), and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables. Results: 188/210 patients with HF participated in the study. The mean age of patients was 59.5 (14.5) years old. The majority of patients were male (64.9%), married (83.5%), and were at the high school level of education (38.4%). In addition, 66.1% of them were employed. The low level of total, functional, communicative, and critical HL was seen among 17%, 54.8%, 60.1%, and 58% of patients with HF. Conclusion: patients with HF had a high level of total HL. While the level of functional, communicative, and critical HL was lower among patients with HF. Thus, there is need to be improved by appropriate intervention.

scholarly journals A national survey of ambient air pollution health literacy among adult residents of Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hsuan Hou ◽  
Yi-Chin Huang ◽  
Chien-Yeh Lu ◽  
I-Chen Chen ◽  
Pei-Chen Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews

Abstract Objective To investigate the level of and covariates associated with ambient air pollution health literacy (AAPHL) among adult residents of Taiwan. Methods With a cross-sectional study design, we conducted telephone interviews using a Chinese version AAPHL scale, which consisted of 24 items assessing 12 subdomains of AAPHL formed by 4 information processing competence matrices (i.e., access, understand, appraise, and apply) and 3 health contexts (i.e., healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion). The AAPHL was with the lowest and highest score at 1 to 4, respectively. Between September and November 2020, a sample of 1017 and 280 adults was successfully interviewed via home phones and mobile phones, respectively. We employed multiple linear regression models to identify covariates significantly associated with overall and 4 matric-specific AAPHL scores. Results The mean and standard deviation (±SD) of overall AAPHL score was considered as moderate at 2.90 (±0.56), with the highest and lowest metric-specific score for “apply” (3.07 ± 0.59) and “appraise” (2.75 ± 0.66). Lower education was significantly associated with a lower overall score; and living with children < 12 years and single were both significantly associated with higher overall scores. We also noted a significant geographic variation in overall score in which people living in the east/remote islands had highest scores. Conclusions People in Taiwan had only moderate level of AAPHL; and covariates including education, living arrangement, marital status, and area of living were significantly associated with AAPHL. These covariates should be considered in future educational interventions aiming to improve the AAPHL in the community.

scholarly journals Coping with dyspareunia, the importance of inter and intrapersonal context on women’s sexual distress: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Alizadeh ◽  
Farnaz Farnam
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Sexual Distress ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Background Recently known as the genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD), Dyspareunia is considered a negative factor affecting a couple’s sexual health. This paper analyzes pain in Dyspareunia cases and determines protective factors causing lower levels of sexual distress among patients. Methods In a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2017, the cluster quota sampling technique was adopted to randomly select 590 Iranian married women aged 18–70 years from 30 health centers. The research tools included demographic data, a sexual distress scale, and Binik’s GPPPD questionnaire. Results In this study, the prevalence of self-report Dyspareunia, confirmed moderate Dyspareunia, and confirmed severe Dyspareunia (based on Binik’s proposed criteria) were 33 %, 25.8 %, and 10.5 %, respectively. Interestingly, 32 (34 %) out of 94 women who experienced severe pain based on Binik’s criteria reported no sexual distress. Compared to women with distress, they also had more positive body images, higher self-confidence, higher levels of sexual satisfaction, and more intimacy in their relationships (P = 0.000). In contrast, 8.5 % of the participants reported significant sexual distress even without confirmed Dyspareunia. Conclusions Improving intrapersonal characteristics such as self-confidence and body image as well as interpersonal factors such as sexual satisfaction and intimacy with a spouse can effectively treat Dyspareunia by alleviating sexual distress. The partner’s role in female pain and distress management would be more critical than previously thought.

Estimating the prevalence of adult ADHD in the psychiatric clinic: a cross-sectional study using the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Syed ◽  
Tawfik M Masaud ◽  
Nmandi Nkire ◽  
Chinedu Iro ◽  
Malcolm R Garland
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectives: We sought to determine the point prevalence of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an out-patient psychiatric population.Methods: Patients (n=243) attending five different outpatient clinics in a largely urban adult psychiatric service completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, a recently developed instrument by the World Health Organisation. Clinical and demographic data were recorded.Results: There was a high apparent rate of adult ADHD detected (23.9%). Such patients were significantly more likely to have lower educational attainment, ADHD as children, a forensic history and the diagnosis of personality disorder as well as a higher rate of benzodiazepine use. They were no more likely to be dissatisfied with the service, nor to be heavier users of the service.Conclusions: We report a high apparent rate of adult ADHD. Correlates of this high rate indicate individuals with less positive lifestyles than other patients. Screening for this disorder appears warranted, particularly in the light of the emergence of new non-amphetamine-based therapies.

scholarly journals Health Literacy of Diabetic Patients and its Impact on Disease Outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Abdul-Hasan ◽  
Batool A. Gh. Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Patient Literacy

Background: Diabetes is one of the common and costly chronic health issues and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among other non-communicable diseases. Diabetes patients’ literacy about their diseases is to be addressed as an active factor of the disease outcome. Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to determine the overall health literacy level among diabetic patients attending the PHC centers and to test the association between the measured health literacy and their glycemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of randomly selected diabetic patients attending primary health care centers in Baghdad during the period from 15th July 2016 to 15th April 2017. Relevant demographic data were recorded and a specially designed tool was used to measure health literacy among diabetic patients, it consists of 15 question covering all aspects of health literacy (Scores 1 to 5 each question). The presence of diabetic complications were recorded and glycemic control of patients was documented by HbA1c. Results: With a total literacy score ranging from 15-75, the mean score of the patients in the current study was (mean = 43.34 ± 11.1 SD), and their recent HBA1c found to be ranging from 6.4 to 13.4 (mean = 10.25 ± 1 SD). A statistically significant association was found between patient literacy score and glycemic control (P<0.001), and the presence of complications (P=0.026). Conclusion: The glycemic control of diabetic patients (measured by HBA1c) and the presence of the diabetic complication might be affected by the patient literacy about his disease. المعرفه الصحيه لدى مرضى السكري وتأثيرها على تقدم المرض  د.احمد علي عبد الحسن د. بتول علي غالب   الخلاصة: الخلفية:- يعتبر داء السكري من اكثر الامراض شيوعا ومسبب رئيسي للمضاعفات من بين باقي الامراض غير الانتنقالية ويعتبر من اسباب ارتفاع كلفه العلاج خصوصا والنظام الصحي عموما. وتم التركيز بالخصوص على ثقافة المريض بمرضه بصوره خاصه كونها عامل محدد في تقدم المرض لديه. الاهداف:- تهدف الدراسة الى قياس وتقييم الثقافة الصحية لمرضى السكري من مراجعي مراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية في بغداد وتقييم مستوى السكر في الدم و كفائة النظام العلاجي المتبع للمريض. واختبار وجود ترابط بين كفائة العلاج والثقافة الصحية للمريض. طرق البحث:- اجريت دراسة مقطعية على عينة عشوائية من مرضى السكري المراجعين لمراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية ( 26 مركز رعاية صحية اولية)  للفترة من 15-7-2016 ولغاية 15-4-2017 وتم تسجيل البيانات الديموغرافية لكل مريض وتم قياس مستوى الثقافة الصحية بحسب استمارة خاصة لهذا الغرض حيث تحتوي الستمارة على 15 سؤال يغطي جميع النواحي الخاصة بالمرض وتسجيل من 1 نقطة الى 15 نقطه لكل سؤال ببمجموع 15-75 نقطة.  وتم تسجيل مستوى السكر التراكمي HbA1c  لكل مريض ووجود او عدم وجود مضاعفات السكر لديه. النتائج:- معدل الوعي الصحي لكل مريض يتحدد ب 15-75 نقطة و تم الحصول على معدل 43.34 وانحراف معياري 11.1 نقطة. اما قيمة السكر التراكمي للعينة فيتراوح من 6.4 ملي مول \مول ولغاية 13.4 وبمعدل 10,25 وانحراف معياري 1 نقطة. وتم ايجاد ارتباط احصائي سلبي بين المتغيرين. الاستنتاجات:- معدل السكر التراكمي (وبالنتيجة كفائة النظام العلاجي) ووجود المضاعفات لداء السكري او عدمها قد تكون متأثرة بمستوى وعي المريض الصحي وثثقافته الصحية. مفتاح الكلمات:- السكر التراكمي, الثقافة الصحية, داء السكري, العراق.  

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