scholarly journals The consequence of COVID-19 on the global supply of medical products: Why Indian generics matter for the world?

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe J Guerin ◽  
Sauman Singh-Phulgenda ◽  
Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
The World

While the world is facing the urgency of the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers must plan for the direct response to the outbreak while minimising its collateral impact. Maintaining the supply chain of pharmaceutical products is not only paramount to cover the immediate medical response but will be fundamental to reducing disruption of the healthcare delivery system, which requires constant medicines, diagnostic tools and vaccines for smooth functioning. In this equation, the role of the Indian pharmaceutical industry will not only be critical to meet the domestic need of over 1.3 billion inhabitants but will equally be important for the rest of the world, including wealthy economies. Preventing a significant disruption of the Indian pharmaceutical supply chain during the outbreak and preparing it for large scale production for COVID-19 therapeutic or preventive medical products will not only help India but will assist the global response to this outbreak.

scholarly journals The NTD Supply Chain Forum—Strengthening the backbone of NTD programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008818
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Souza ◽  
Cassandra Holloway ◽  
Tijana Williams
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Scale Production

Global programs targeting 5 preventive chemotherapy neglected tropical diseases (PC-NTDs) have scaled up rapidly in recent decades due, in large part, to the generous drug donations from 6 pharmaceutical companies—Eisai; Johnson & Johnson (J&J); GlaxoSmithKline (GSK); Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America (MSD); Merck KgaA; and Pfizer. Today, the scale of the PC-NTD drug donation programs is staggering. Nearly 15 billion tablets have been manufactured, packaged, shipped, and distributed in order to reach the people in need. The supply chains established to support such massive operations are enormously complex. Here, we describe a unique public–private partnership that was formed to bring together supply chain expertise to overcome the critical challenges associated with such large-scale production and delivery of donated pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical supply chain: researching a business model based on Hyperledger Fabric

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
S R Bryatov ◽  
A A Borodinov
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Control System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture, ship and supply products face difficulties in tracking their products, allowing counterfeiters to inject counterfeit drugs into the system. This situation is observed, in particular, in the Russian market of turnover of pharmaceutical products, although the problem has long been global. The ability of blockchain systems to pinpoint the origin of data makes them particularly suitable for pharmaceutical supply chain applications. The data stored in the blockchain distributed register on the identification of drugs produced by the plant, as well as records of their movements throughout the supply chain, can accurately determine the authenticity of pharmaceutical products lying on the shelves of pharmacies. The development and implementation of such a system can be a big step towards winning the exhausting fight against the easy availability of counterfeit drugs and medical products. In the first part of this work, the main characteristics and features of the functioning of blockchain systems will be studied. In the second and final part, the designed concept of the pharmaceutical turnover control system based on the blockchain technology Hyperledger Fabric using the Hyperledger Composer development environment will be investigated.

scholarly journals A literature review on multi-echelon inventory management: the case of pharmaceutical supply chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouçaiba Sbai ◽  
Abdelaziz Berrado
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Service Level

Inventory management remains a key challenge in supply chain management. Many companies recognize the benefits of a good inventory management system. An effective inventory management helps reaching a high customer service level while dealing with demand variability. In a complex supply chain network where inventories are found across the entire system as raw materials or finished products, the need for an integrated approach for managing inventory had become crucial. Modelling the system as a multi-echelon inventory system allows to consider all the factors related to inventory optimization. On the other hand, the high criticality of the pharmaceutical products makes the need for a sophisticated supply chain inventory management essential. The implementation of the multi-echelon inventory management in such supply chains helps keeping the stock of pharmaceutical products available at the different installations. This paper provides an insight into the multi-echelon inventory management problem, especially in the pharmaceutical supply chain. A classification of several multi-echelon inventory systems according to a set of criteria is provided. A synthesis of multiple multi-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain problems is elaborated.

Potential Impact of RFID-Based Tracing Systems on the Integrity of Pharmaceutical Products

2012 ◽  
pp. 1724-1745
Author(s):  
Michele Maffia ◽  
Luca Mainetti ◽  
Luigi Patrono ◽  
Emanuela Urso
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Rf Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Auto Identification

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is going to play a crucial role as auto-identification technology in a wide range of applications such as healthcare, logistics, supply chain management, ticketing, et cetera. The use of electromagnetic waves to identify, trace, and track people or goods allows solving many problems related to auto-identification devices based on optical reading (i.e. bar code). Currently, high interest is concentrated on the use of Radio Frequency (RF) solutions in healthcare and pharmaceutical supply chain, in order to improve drugs flow transparency and patients’ safety. Unfortunately, there is a possibility that drug interaction with electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by RF devices, such as RFID readers, deteriorate the potency of bioactive compounds. This chapter proposes an experimental multidisciplinary approach to investigate potential alterations induced by EMFs on drug molecular structure and performance. To show the versatility of this approach, some experimental results obtained on two biological pharmaceuticals (peptide hormone-based) are discussed.

Applications of Operations Research in Production and Distribution Management of Pharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
Mahsa Yousefi Sarmad ◽  
Mir Saman Pishvaee
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Business Entities

Pharmaceutical industry is considered as a global industry because of its effects on the human life. Many researchers used optimization tools to manage the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) efficiently. A supply chain may be defined as an integrated process where several business entities work together to produce goods and/or services and deliver them to the end customer. The issue of PSC which includes strategic, tactical and operational decisions, is still a quite hot issue. The intended mission of this chapter is to introduce and discuss the recent developments of procurement, production and distribution management of pharmaceutical products in order to pave the way for the readers who are interested in this area of research. Notably, the focus of the chapter is on quantitative OR-based models which enable the decision makers to appropriately coordinate and manage the whole pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals A MODEL STUDY OF SMALL-SCALE WORLD MAP GENERALIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Y. Cheng ◽  
Y. Yin ◽  
C. M. Li ◽  
W. Wu ◽  
P. P. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Map Generalization ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Improved Model

With the globalization and rapid development every filed is taking an increasing interest in physical geography and human economics. There is a surging demand for small scale world map in large formats all over the world. Further study of automated mapping technology, especially the realization of small scale production on a large scale global map, is the key of the cartographic field need to solve. In light of this, this paper adopts the improved model (with the map and data separated) in the field of the mapmaking generalization, which can separate geographic data from mapping data from maps, mainly including cross-platform symbols and automatic map-making knowledge engine. With respect to the cross-platform symbol library, the symbol and the physical symbol in the geographic information are configured at all scale levels. With respect to automatic map-making knowledge engine consists 97 types, 1086 subtypes, 21845 basic algorithm and over 2500 relevant functional modules.In order to evaluate the accuracy and visual effect of our model towards topographic maps and thematic maps, we take the world map generalization in small scale as an example. After mapping generalization process, combining and simplifying the scattered islands make the map more explicit at 1 : 2.1 billion scale, and the map features more complete and accurate. Not only it enhance the map generalization of various scales significantly, but achieve the integration among map-makings of various scales, suggesting that this model provide a reference in cartographic generalization for various scales.

scholarly journals Oil crops in biofuel applications: South Africa gearing up for a bio-based economy

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
BB Marvey
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
The World

Large fluctuations in crude oil prices and the diminishing oil supply have left economies vulnerable to energy shortages thus placing an enormous pressure on nations around the world to seriously consider alternative renewable resources as feedstock in biofuel applications. Apart from energy security reasons, biofuels offer other advantages over their petroleum counterparts in that they contribute to the reduction in green- house gas emissions and to sustainable development. Just a few decades after discontinuing its large scale production of bioethanol for use as en- gine fuel, South Africa (SA) is again on its way to resuscitating its biofuel industry. Herein an overview is presented on South Africa’s oilseed and biofuel production, biofuels industrial strategy, industry readiness, chal- lenges in switching to biofuels and the strategies to overcome potential obstacles.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of oil food complex products in the conditions of integration of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Antonyuk ◽  
T. Stupnytska ◽  
P. Antonyuk ◽  
O. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World

The article examines the current tendencies of entering the oil and fat subcomplex of Ukraine intothe world markets. It has been revealed that oil crops and their products are the main export commodity inagro-food export of the state. The large scale production of the sub-complex products, with modest domesticconsumption, is first and foremost associated with successful integration into international trade. Foreigntrade thus becomes an important factor in the development of the subcomplex. Considering the complexityand multidimensionality of the problem, the main segments of the market - oilseeds, oils and oilcake - arehighlighted in the research. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of export volumes, dynamics, position on the world market and opportunities for their strengthening were made. It has been established thatUkraine, as a powerful producer and active participant in the world market, influences, to some extent, theexcess of world production over consumption of oil and products of their processing, which leads to a decrease in export prices and, as a consequence, to a loss of export earnings of domestic exporters. The studysubstantiates the need to improve the structure of production of oilseeds, the balance of use of soybeansand rapeseed, constant monitoring of the situation in foreign markets.

How Ancient Europeans Saw the World

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Money Economy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The World ◽  
New Research

The peoples who inhabited Europe during the two millennia before the Roman conquests had established urban centers, large-scale production of goods such as pottery and iron tools, a money economy, and elaborate rituals and ceremonies. Yet as this book argues, the visual world of these late prehistoric communities was profoundly different from those of ancient Rome's literate civilization and today's industrialized societies. Drawing on startling new research in neuroscience and cognitive psychology, the book reconstructs how the peoples of pre-Roman Europe saw the world and their place in it. It sheds new light on how they communicated their thoughts, feelings, and visual perceptions through the everyday tools they shaped, the pottery and metal ornaments they decorated, and the arrangements of objects they made in their ritual places—and how these forms and patterns in turn shaped their experience. The book offers a completely new approach to the study of Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe, and represents a major challenge to existing views about prehistoric cultures. It demonstrates why we cannot interpret the structures that Europe's pre-Roman inhabitants built in the landscape, the ways they arranged their settlements and burial sites, or the complex patterning of their art on the basis of what these things look like to us. Rather, we must view these objects and visual patterns as they were meant to be seen by the ancient peoples who fashioned them.

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