scholarly journals Metabolic profiling of adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hartley ◽  
Diana L. Santos Ferreira ◽  
Emma L. Anderson ◽  
Debbie A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The association between adolescent NAFLD and a wide range of metabolic biomarkers is unclear. We have attempted to determine the differences in metabolic profile of adolescents with and without markers of NAFLD. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses in a sample of 3,048 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at age 17. We used three indicators of NAFLD: ALT >40 U/l; AST >40 U/l and ultrasound scan-assessed steatosis. Associations between each measure of NAFLD and 154 metabolic traits, assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, were analyzed by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Results: All three indicators of NAFLD were associated with ~0.5 standard deviation (SD) greater concentrations of all extremely large to small very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) measures. ALT >40U/l was associated with ~0.5SD greater concentrations of very small VLDLs, intermediate-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins. Concentrations of most cholesterols, including remnant cholesterol, all triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acids, in addition to glycoprotein acetyls (inflammatory marker), were also higher in participants with NAFLD. Conclusions: We have identified differing metabolic profiles between adolescents with and without indicators of NAFLD. These results provide the foundations for future research to determine whether these differences persist and result in adverse future cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling of adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hartley ◽  
Diana L. Santos Ferreira ◽  
Emma L. Anderson ◽  
Debbie A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background:Adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The association between adolescent NAFLD and a wide range of metabolic biomarkers is unclear. We have attempted to determine the differences in metabolic profile of adolescents with and without markers of NAFLD.Methods:We performed cross-sectional analyses in a sample of 3,048 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at age 17. We used three indicators of NAFLD: ALT >40 U/l; AST >40 U/l and ultrasound scan-assessed steatosis. Associations between each measure of NAFLD and 154 metabolic traits, assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, were analyzed by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex and BMI.Results:All three indicators of NAFLD were associated with ~0.5 standard deviation (SD) greater concentrations of all extremely large to small very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) measures. ALT >40U/l was associated with ~0.5SD greater concentrations of very small VLDLs, intermediate-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins. Concentrations of most cholesterols, including remnant cholesterol, all triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acids, in addition to glycoprotein acetyls (inflammatory marker), were also higher in participants with NAFLD.Conclusions:We have identified differing metabolic profiles between adolescents with and without indicators of NAFLD. These results provide the foundations for future research to determine whether these differences persist and result in adverse future cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Characterization of a Novel Pig Model of Pediatric Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (P08-131-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael La Frano ◽  
Gabriella Hernandez ◽  
Victoria Smith ◽  
Dan Columbus ◽  
Daniel Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading nutrition-linked liver disease in children. We have recently identified the neonatal Iberian pig as a novel model of pediatric NAFLD. Interestingly, feeding a high fructose-high fat (HFF) diet to neonatal Iberian pigs for 10 weeks did not induce obesity and decreased high and low density lipoproteins in serum, while the liver exhibited many of the histological features of pediatric NAFLD. In this study we utilized a metabolomics approach to characterize the metabolic phenotype of this pig model. Methods Plasma and liver samples collected from Iberian pigs fed control, HFF, control + probiotic and HFF + probiotic diets were analyzed by LC-MS using targeted assays for primary metabolomics, aminomics, and lipidomics. Data was analyzed with multivariate statistics and 2-way ANOVA with t-tests adjusted for false discovery rate. Results Results from multivariate tests indicated no diet × probiotic interaction or probiotic effect, so only the main effect of diet is shown. A total of 224 and 218 metabolites were identified in the plasma and liver, respectively. In agreement with previous NAFLD models, the HFF diet increased hepatic branched chain amino acids, cholesteryl esters, hydroxyproline, plasma acylcarnitines and primary bile acids, and altered hepatic triacylglycerol-species composition (P < 0.0001). In addition, HFF pigs had increased homocysteine and methionine levels combined with a decrease in pyridoxate in liver (P < 0.0001), suggesting a disruption in the one carbon cycle and its methyl donation capability. HFF decreased hepatic choline and betaine (P < 0.0001), which may indicate a compensatory use of the methyl groups of these compounds. The aforementioned reduction of choline used for the CDP-choline pathway and the potential one carbon cycle impact on SAM availability for the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway may explain the observed differential changes in hepatic phosphatidylcholines (P < 0.0001), which are required for the production of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Conclusions Unique features of this model such as reduced plasma lipoproteins and lack of weight gain in the presence of hepatic steatosis may be related to an altered one carbon cycle impacting phosphatidylcholine production. Funding Sources ARI, AcornSeekers.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective properties of glycyrrhizic acid

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
S. V. Okovity ◽  
K. L. Raikhelson ◽  
A. V. Volnukhin ◽  
D. A. Kudlai
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The review is devoted to the problem of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the most common pathology of the hepato-biliary system worldwide and is characterized by an increasing frequency, including of more severe forms. A wide range of pathogenetic relationships of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with diseases of other organ systems, primarily with diseases of the cardiovascular system, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and diseases of the biliary tract, is presented. The main mechanisms of comorbidity are insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. An approach to the therapy of this disease based on the concept of comorbidity has been substantiated. As a rational therapeutic choice, a molecule of glycyrrhizic acid is presented, which has pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic and immunomodulatory effects. The evidence base for glycyrrhizic acid is formed by a large array of clinical trials, including randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted both in Russia and abroad, in infectious and non-infectious liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Attention is focused on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with intrahepatic cholestasis associated with a more severe course and high rates of disease progression. A theoretical justification for the use of a combination of glycyrrhizic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid in such patients is presented. The reason for this is the potential synergy of the two molecules, based on the induction of CYP3A4, and associated with the effect on inflammation, as a factor in the development of intrahepatic cholestasis and cholestasis itself.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Alcoholic Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Wu ◽  
Huaqing Zhu ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

As the largest vital solid organ in the body, liver is consisting of multiple types of cells including hepatocytes, Kupffer cell, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and other immune cells. The communication between these cells is critical in maintaining liver function homeostasis, and dysregulation of such communication contributes to the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and ectosomes, act as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can be produced and uptaken by a wide range of cells including all types of cells in the liver. Growing evidences show that EVs are involved in the development of liver diseases, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In this review, we will summarize recent advance in how EVs production are altered in NAFLD and ALD and how the changes of EVs quantity and cargos influence the progression of these diseases. The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of EVs in NAFLD and ALD will be also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Hit ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Carnitine is an amino acid-derived substance that coordinates a wide range of biological processes. Such functions include transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, regulation of acetyl-CoA/CoA, control of inter-organellar acyl traffic, and protection against oxidative stress. Recent studies have found that carnitine plays an important role in several diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its effect is still controversial, and its mechanism is not clear. Herein, this review provides current knowledge on the biological functions of carnitine, the “multiple hit” impact of carnitine on the NAFLD progression, and the downstream mechanisms. Based on the “multiple hit” hypothesis, carnitine inhibits β-oxidation, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces insulin resistance to ameliorate NAFLD. L-carnitine may have therapeutic role in liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the prospects of L-carnitine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy in NAFLD and related diseases, and the factors limiting its widespread use.

scholarly journals Serum miR-379 expression is related to the development and progression of hypercholesterolemia in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinya Okamoto ◽  
Masahiko Koda ◽  
Toshiaki Okamoto ◽  
Takumi Onoyama ◽  
Kenichi Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mirna Cluster ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractIntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a wide spectrum, eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatic carcinogenesis. We previously reported that a series of microRNAs (miRNAs) mapped in the 14q32.2 maternally imprinted gene region (Dlk1-Dio3 mat) are related to NAFLD development and progression in a mouse model. We examined the suitability of miR-379, a circulating Dlk1-Dio3 mat miRNA, as a human NAFLD biomarker.MethodsEighty NAFLD patients were recruited for this study. miR-379 was selected from the putative Dlk1-Dio3 mat miRNA cluster because it exhibited the greatest expression difference between NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in our preliminary study. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of miR-379 and miR-16 as an internal control.ResultsCompared to normal controls, serum miR-379 expression was significantly up-regulated in NAFLD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that miR-379 is a suitable marker for discriminating NAFLD patients from controls, with an area under the curve value of 0.72. Serum miR-379 exhibited positive correlations with alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with early stage NAFLD (Brunt fibrosis stage 0 to 1). The correlation between serum miR-379 and cholesterol levels was lost in early stage NAFLD patients treated with statins. Software-based predictions indicated that various energy metabolism–related genes, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor, are potential targets of miR-379.ConclusionsSerum miR-379 exhibits high potential as a biomarker for NAFLD. miR-379 appears to increase cholesterol lipotoxicity, leading to the development and progression of NAFLD, via interference with the expression of target genes, including those related to the IGF-1 signaling pathway. Our results could facilitate future research into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Concept of Fatty liver and its management in Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Punam Behere (Saner) ◽  
Nilesh Subhash Kulthe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease is a most common liver disease affecting a wide range of population worldwide. It is caused due to excessive fat accumulation in liver cells resulting in inflammation in liver. There are various symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, weakness etc. Over-eating is the major lifestyle factor causing fatty liver disease. Alcoholic intake results in alcoholic fatty liver disease Ajirna (indigestion), Sthaulya (obesity) and Prameha (diabetes mellitus) which occurs due to the vitiation of Annavaha, Rasavaha and Medovaha Srotas acts as Nidanarthakara Rogas (diseases which cause another diseases) which may result in the manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver. According to Ayurvedic texts, Panchkarma (Virechana) and herbs like Bhumiamalaki and Guduchi etc. acts a hepatoprotective and improves the functioning of liver.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-obese individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-483
Author(s):  
Meaghan Phipps ◽  
Julia Wattacheril
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who lack classical risk factors also have the ability to develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and progression to more advanced liver disease. The pathophysiology and risk factors for the development of NAFLD in non-obese persons are not fully understood but seem to be closely related to insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and alterations in body composition, with some patients harbouring predisposing genetic polymorphisms. In normal-weight individuals, also called ‘lean’, there is limited potential for effective lifestyle change in disease management. Additionally, biological mechanisms underlying the development of NASH in non-obese individuals may reveal novel targets for intervention. In this review, the authors discuss the clinical, histological and genetic features and risk factors for non-obese NAFLD and highlight gaps in knowledge and areas for future research.

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