scholarly journals Hepatoprotective properties of glycyrrhizic acid

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
S. V. Okovity ◽  
K. L. Raikhelson ◽  
A. V. Volnukhin ◽  
D. A. Kudlai
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The review is devoted to the problem of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the most common pathology of the hepato-biliary system worldwide and is characterized by an increasing frequency, including of more severe forms. A wide range of pathogenetic relationships of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with diseases of other organ systems, primarily with diseases of the cardiovascular system, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and diseases of the biliary tract, is presented. The main mechanisms of comorbidity are insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. An approach to the therapy of this disease based on the concept of comorbidity has been substantiated. As a rational therapeutic choice, a molecule of glycyrrhizic acid is presented, which has pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic and immunomodulatory effects. The evidence base for glycyrrhizic acid is formed by a large array of clinical trials, including randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted both in Russia and abroad, in infectious and non-infectious liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Attention is focused on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with intrahepatic cholestasis associated with a more severe course and high rates of disease progression. A theoretical justification for the use of a combination of glycyrrhizic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid in such patients is presented. The reason for this is the potential synergy of the two molecules, based on the induction of CYP3A4, and associated with the effect on inflammation, as a factor in the development of intrahepatic cholestasis and cholestasis itself.

Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed Combination of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Essential Phospholipids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty and Alcoholic Liver Disease: Results from Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
Igor V. Maev ◽  
Alexey O. Bueverov ◽  
Artem V. Volnukhin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Fixed Combination ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Essential Phospholipids ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background. Drug treatment of non-alcoholic fatty and alcoholic liver disease remains an urgent, unsolved problem. Due to the commonality of many pathogenetic mechanisms and predictors of progression, a universal approach to the search for a therapeutic agent can be considered. Aims pooled analysis of the results of two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of a fixed combination of glycyrrhizic acid and essential phospholipids in two dosage forms to study its efficacy and safety in non-alcoholic fatty and alcoholic liver disease, in the presence and absence of predictors of disease progression. Methods. The pooled analysis included 180 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Gepard study) and 120 patients with alcoholic liver disease (Jaguar study). Patients of the main group received a fixed combination of 5.0 g intravenous jet 3 times a week for the first 2 weeks; then 2 capsules 3 times a day for the next 10 weeks. Patients in the control group received placebo according to the same scheme. The total duration of treatment was 12 weeks in the Gepard study (1 course of stepwise therapy) and 24 weeks in the Jaguar study (2 courses of stepwise therapy). A comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination and a placebo was carried out, in the presence and absence of predictors of progression, separately for each nosology and in a mixed sample. Results. In patients with non-alcoholic fatty and alcoholic liver disease who received the fixed combination, in contrast to the placebo group, there was a statistically more significant decrease in the level of biochemical markers of inflammation alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, adiponectin, and the value of the AktiTest index. There was no negative trend in the NAFLD fibrosis score; more significant positive dynamics of FibroTest is shown. Predictors of disease progression hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, age did not have a negative impact on the results in the study group. The efficacy of the study drug was noted in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal body weight; data were obtained indicating its possible effectiveness with a high activity of the inflammatory process associated with alcoholic liver damage. The frequency of adverse events in the study and control groups was comparable. Conclusions. Based on a generalized analysis of the results of two studies, promising directions for the study and use of a fixed combination of glycyrrhizic acid and essential phospholipids were identified: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease without obesity, alcoholic steatohepatitis of high activity (as an adjuvant); steatohepatitis of non-alcoholic and alcoholic etiology, combined with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis: random combination or regular relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (38) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
V. A. Akhmedov ◽  
T. I. Melikov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Over the past 10 years, it has become increasingly evident that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease that affects multiple extra-hepatic organ systems and interacts with the regulation of several metabolic and immunological pathways. Recent observational studies have shown that the prevalence of NAFLD is remarkably higher in psoriatic patients (occurring in up to 50 % of these patients) than in matched control subjects. Notably, psoriasis is associated with NAFLD even after adjusting for metabolic syndrome traits and other potential confounding factors. Some studies have also suggested that psoriatic patients are more likely to have the more advanced forms of NAFLD than non-psoriatic controls. The use of drug therapy in patients with a combination of NAFLD and psoriasis with the inclusion of the drug Legalon is pathogenetically justified.

Protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Sun ◽  
Xingping Duan ◽  
Changyuan Wang ◽  
Zhihao Liu ◽  
Pengyuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Alcoholic Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Wu ◽  
Huaqing Zhu ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

As the largest vital solid organ in the body, liver is consisting of multiple types of cells including hepatocytes, Kupffer cell, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and other immune cells. The communication between these cells is critical in maintaining liver function homeostasis, and dysregulation of such communication contributes to the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and ectosomes, act as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can be produced and uptaken by a wide range of cells including all types of cells in the liver. Growing evidences show that EVs are involved in the development of liver diseases, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In this review, we will summarize recent advance in how EVs production are altered in NAFLD and ALD and how the changes of EVs quantity and cargos influence the progression of these diseases. The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of EVs in NAFLD and ALD will be also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Hit ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Carnitine is an amino acid-derived substance that coordinates a wide range of biological processes. Such functions include transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, regulation of acetyl-CoA/CoA, control of inter-organellar acyl traffic, and protection against oxidative stress. Recent studies have found that carnitine plays an important role in several diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its effect is still controversial, and its mechanism is not clear. Herein, this review provides current knowledge on the biological functions of carnitine, the “multiple hit” impact of carnitine on the NAFLD progression, and the downstream mechanisms. Based on the “multiple hit” hypothesis, carnitine inhibits β-oxidation, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces insulin resistance to ameliorate NAFLD. L-carnitine may have therapeutic role in liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the prospects of L-carnitine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy in NAFLD and related diseases, and the factors limiting its widespread use.

scholarly journals Concept of Fatty liver and its management in Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Punam Behere (Saner) ◽  
Nilesh Subhash Kulthe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease is a most common liver disease affecting a wide range of population worldwide. It is caused due to excessive fat accumulation in liver cells resulting in inflammation in liver. There are various symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, weakness etc. Over-eating is the major lifestyle factor causing fatty liver disease. Alcoholic intake results in alcoholic fatty liver disease Ajirna (indigestion), Sthaulya (obesity) and Prameha (diabetes mellitus) which occurs due to the vitiation of Annavaha, Rasavaha and Medovaha Srotas acts as Nidanarthakara Rogas (diseases which cause another diseases) which may result in the manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver. According to Ayurvedic texts, Panchkarma (Virechana) and herbs like Bhumiamalaki and Guduchi etc. acts a hepatoprotective and improves the functioning of liver.

scholarly journals Effect of Microalgae and Macroalgae Extracts on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Maitane González-Arceo ◽  
Saioa Gómez-Zorita ◽  
Leixuri Aguirre ◽  
María P. Portillo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preventive Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The present review aims to gather scientific evidence regarding the beneficial effects of microalgae and macroalgae extracts on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The described data show that both microalgae and macroalgae improved this alteration. The majority of the reported studies analysed the preventive effects because algae were administered to animals concurrent with the diet that induced NAFLD. The positive effects were demonstrated using a wide range of doses, from 7.5 to 300 mg/kg body weight/day or from 1 to 10% in the diet, and experimental periods ranged from 3 to 16 weeks. Two important limitations on the scientific knowledge available to date are that very few studies have researched the mechanisms of action underlying the preventive effects of microalgae on NAFLD and that, for the majority of the algae studied, a single paper has been reported. For these reasons, it is not possible to establish the best conditions in order to know the beneficial effects that these algae could bring. In this scenario, further studies are needed. Moreover, the beneficial effects of algae observed in rodent need to be confirmed in humans before we can start considering these products as new tools in the fight against fatty liver disease.

Vitamin D in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Rachaneeporn Chueansuwan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Vitamin D is increasingly accepted as an important physiological regulator of several organ systems apart from its classical role in skeletal homeostasis. In recent years, new scientific discoveryon vitamin D expands our knowledge of its actions in many aspects such as immune modulation, cell differentiation and proliferation, and inflammatory regulations. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the mostcommon micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vitamin D deficiency often coexist. In addition, epidemiologic evidence has shown that both conditions shareseveral cardio-metabolic risk factors. While pre-clinical experimental data is promising, most clinical trials based on the effect of vitamin D in NASH are under-powered and inconclusive. Further studiesare required to elucidate the beneficial effect of vitamin D or its analogues in NASH. In this article, we provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology linking NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency,as well as the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD. Figure 1 แสดงวิตามินดีเมตาบอลิสม์ (ดัดแปลงจากเอกสารอ้างอิง Hossein-Nezhad and Holick (12))

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling of adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hartley ◽  
Diana L. Santos Ferreira ◽  
Emma L. Anderson ◽  
Debbie A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The association between adolescent NAFLD and a wide range of metabolic biomarkers is unclear. We have attempted to determine the differences in metabolic profile of adolescents with and without markers of NAFLD. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses in a sample of 3,048 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at age 17. We used three indicators of NAFLD: ALT >40 U/l; AST >40 U/l and ultrasound scan-assessed steatosis. Associations between each measure of NAFLD and 154 metabolic traits, assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, were analyzed by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Results: All three indicators of NAFLD were associated with ~0.5 standard deviation (SD) greater concentrations of all extremely large to small very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) measures. ALT >40U/l was associated with ~0.5SD greater concentrations of very small VLDLs, intermediate-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins. Concentrations of most cholesterols, including remnant cholesterol, all triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acids, in addition to glycoprotein acetyls (inflammatory marker), were also higher in participants with NAFLD. Conclusions: We have identified differing metabolic profiles between adolescents with and without indicators of NAFLD. These results provide the foundations for future research to determine whether these differences persist and result in adverse future cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Current concepts of the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Pavlovna Kosobyan ◽  
Olga Mikhailovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - common chronic liver disease, characterized by pathological accumulation of fat droplets, not associatedwith alcohol. NAFLD is often a component of other diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and contributes to the prevalence of CVDamong the population.Asymptomatic disease, the difficulty of diagnosis, the lack of a unified concept of treatment NAFLD - topical issues that require more in-depth studyand worthy of attention a wide range of specialists.

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