scholarly journals Cohort profile for the STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) study: A depression-focused investigation of Generation Scotland, using detailed clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Tina Habota ◽  
Anca-Larisa Sandu ◽  
Gordon D. Waiter ◽  
Christopher J. McNeil ◽  
J. Douglas Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Generation Scotland

STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) is a population-based study built on the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) resource. The aim of STRADL is to subtype major depressive disorder (MDD) on the basis of its aetiology, using detailed clinical, cognitive, and brain imaging assessments. The GS:SFHS provides an important opportunity to study complex gene-environment interactions, incorporating linkage to existing datasets and inclusion of early-life variables for two longitudinal birth cohorts. Specifically, data collection in STRADL included: socio-economic and lifestyle variables; physical measures; questionnaire data that assesses resilience, early-life adversity, personality, psychological health, and lifetime history of mood disorder; laboratory samples; cognitive tests; and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Some of the questionnaire and cognitive data were first assessed at the GS:SFHS baseline assessment between 2006-2011, thus providing longitudinal measures relevant to the study of depression, psychological resilience, and cognition. In addition, routinely collected historic NHS data and early-life variables are linked to STRADL data, further providing opportunities for longitudinal analysis. Recruitment has been completed and we consented and tested 1,188 participants.

scholarly journals Cohort profile for the STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) study: A depression-focused investigation of Generation Scotland, using detailed clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Habota ◽  
Anca-Larisa Sandu ◽  
Gordon D. Waiter ◽  
Christopher J. McNeil ◽  
J. Douglas Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Generation Scotland ◽  
History Of

STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) is a population-based study built on the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) resource. The aim of STRADL is to subtype major depressive disorder (MDD) on the basis of its aetiology, using detailed clinical, cognitive, and brain imaging assessments. The GS:SFHS provides an important opportunity to study complex gene-environment interactions, incorporating linkage to existing datasets and inclusion of early-life variables for two longitudinal birth cohorts. Specifically, data collection in STRADL included: socio-economic and lifestyle variables; physical measures; questionnaire data that assesses resilience, early-life adversity, personality, psychological health, and lifetime history of mood disorder; laboratory samples; cognitive tests; and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Some of the questionnaire and cognitive data were first assessed at the GS:SFHS baseline assessment between 2006-2011, thus providing longitudinal measures of depression and resilience. Similarly, routine NHS data and early-life variables are linked to STRADL data, further providing opportunities for longitudinal analysis. Recruitment has been completed and we consented and tested 1,188 participants.

scholarly journals Intelligence and neuroticism in relation to depression and psychological distress: evidence of interaction using data from Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study and UK Biobank

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB Navrady ◽  
SJ Ritchie ◽  
SWY Chan ◽  
DM Kerr ◽  
MJ Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Generation Scotland

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuroticism is a risk factor for selected mental and physical illnesses and is inversely associated with intelligence. Intelligence appears to interact with neuroticism and mitigate its detrimental effects on physical health and mortality. However, the inter-relationships of neuroticism and intelligence for major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychological distress has not been well examined.MethodsAssociations and interactions between neuroticism and general intelligence (g) on MDD and psychological distress were examined in two population-based cohorts: Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS, N=19,200) and UK Biobank (N=90,529). The Eysenck Personality Scale Short Form-Revised measured neuroticism and g was extracted from multiple cognitive ability tests in each cohort. Family structure was adjusted for in GS:SFHS.ResultsNeuroticism was associated with MDD and psychological distress in both samples. A significant interaction between neuroticism and g in predicting MDD status was found in UK Biobank (OR = 0.96, p < .01), suggesting that higher g ameliorated the adverse effects of neuroticism on the likelihood of having MDD. This interaction was not found in GS:SFHS. In both samples, higher neuroticism and lower intelligence were associated with increased psychological distress. A significant interaction was also found in both cohorts (GS:SFHS: ß = -0.05, p < .01; UK Biobank: ß = -0.02, p < .01), such that intelligence protected against the deleterious effect of neuroticism on psychological distress.ConclusionsFrom two large cohort studies, our findings suggest intelligence acts a protective factor in mitigating the effects of neuroticism on risk for depressive illness and psychological distress.

scholarly journals DNA methylation outlier burden, health and ageing in Generation Scotland and the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Seeboth ◽  
Daniel L. McCartney ◽  
Yunzhang Wang ◽  
Robert F. Hillary ◽  
Anna J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Generation Scotland

AbstractDNA methylation outlier burden has been suggested as a potential marker of biological age. An outlier is typically defined as DNA methylation levels at any one CpG site that are three times beyond the inter-quartile range from the 25th or 75th percentiles compared to the rest of the population. DNA methylation outlier burden (the number of such outlier sites per individual) increases exponentially with age. However, these findings have been observed in small samples. Here, we showed an association between age and log10-transformed DNA methylation outlier burden in a large cross-sectional cohort, the Generation Scotland Family Health Study (N=7,010, β=0.0091, p<2×10−16), and in two longitudinal cohort studies, the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (N=430, β=0.033, p=7.9×10−4) and 1936 (N=898, β=7.9×10−3, p=0.074). Significant confounders of both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between outlier burden and age included white blood cell proportions, BMI, smoking, and batch effects. In Generation Scotland, the increase in epigenetic outlier burden with age was not purely an artefact of an increase in DNA methylation level variability with age (epigenetic drift). Log10-transformed DNA methylation outlier burden in Generation Scotland was not related to self-reported, or family history of, age-related diseases and it was not heritable (SNP-based heritability of 4.4%, p=0.18). Finally, DNA methylation outlier burden was not significantly related to survival in either of the Lothian Birth Cohorts individually but it was in a meta-analysis (HRmeta=1.12; 95%CImeta=[1.02; 1.21]; pmeta=0.021). These findings suggest that, while it does not associate with ageing-related health outcomes, DNA methylation outlier burden does track chronological ageing and may also relate to survival. DNA methylation outlier burden may thus be useful as a marker of biological ageing.

1461-P: Cardiac Troponin T and Troponin I and Incident Diabetes in the General Population: Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1461-P
Author(s):  
PAUL WELSH ◽  
DAVID PREISS ◽  
ARCHIE CAMPBELL ◽  
DAVID J. PORTEOUS ◽  
NICHOLAS L. MILLS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiac Troponin T ◽  
Generation Scotland

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Risk for Psychosis Is Associated With Psychosis Risk Symptoms in a Population-Based UK Cohort: Findings From Generation Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Anna R Docherty ◽  
Andrey A Shabalin ◽  
Daniel E Adkins ◽  
Frank Mann ◽  
Robert F Krueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Generation Scotland ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Psychosis Risk

Abstract Objective Subthreshold psychosis risk symptoms in the general population may be associated with molecular genetic risk for psychosis. This study sought to optimize the association of risk symptoms with genetic risk for psychosis in a large population-based cohort in the UK (N = 9104 individuals 18–65 years of age) by properly accounting for population stratification, factor structure, and sex. Methods The newly expanded Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study includes 5391 females and 3713 males with age M [SD] = 45.2 [13] with both risk symptom data and genetic data. Subthreshold psychosis symptoms were measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) and calculation of polygenic risk for schizophrenia was based on 11 425 349 imputed common genetic variants passing quality control. Follow-up examination of other genetic risks included attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, bipolar disorder, major depression, and neuroticism. Results Empirically derived symptom factor scores reflected interpersonal/negative symptoms and were positively associated with polygenic risk for schizophrenia. This signal was largely sex specific and limited to males. Across both sexes, scores were positively associated with neuroticism and major depressive disorder. Conclusions A data-driven phenotypic analysis enabled detection of association with genetic risk for schizophrenia in a population-based sample. Multiple polygenic risk signals and important sex differences suggest that genetic data may be useful in improving future phenotypic risk assessment.

536. Cognitive Performance in Major Depressive Disorder in Generation Scotland: The Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S217
Author(s):  
Joeri Meijsen ◽  
Archie Campbell ◽  
Andrew McIntosh ◽  
David Porteous ◽  
Ian Deary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Generation Scotland

scholarly journals Hair glucocorticoids are associated with childhood adversity, depressive symptoms and reduced global and lobar grey matter in Generation Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Green ◽  
Aleks Stolicyn ◽  
Mathew A. Harris ◽  
Xueyi Shen ◽  
Liana Romaniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Stable Measure ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Generation Scotland

AbstractHypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation has been commonly reported in major depressive disorder (MDD), but with considerable heterogeneity of results; potentially due to the predominant use of acute measures of an inherently variable/phasic system. Chronic longer-term measures of HPA-axis activity have yet to be systematically examined in MDD, particularly in relation to brain phenotypes, and in the context of early-life/contemporaneous stress. Here, we utilise a temporally stable measure of cumulative HPA-axis function (hair glucocorticoids) to investigate associations between cortisol, cortisone and total glucocorticoids with concurrent measures of (i) lifetime-MDD case/control status and current symptom severity, (ii) early/current-life stress and (iii) structural neuroimaging phenotypes, in N = 993 individuals from Generation Scotland (mean age = 59.1 yrs). Increased levels of hair cortisol were significantly associated with reduced global and lobar brain volumes with reductions in the frontal, temporal and cingulate regions (βrange = −0.057 to −0.104, all PFDR < 0.05). Increased levels of hair cortisone were significantly associated with MDD (lifetime-MDD status, current symptoms, and severity; βrange = 0.071 to 0.115, all PFDR = < 0.05), with early-life adversity (β = 0.083, P = 0.017), and with reduced global and regional brain volumes (global: β = −0.059, P = 0.043; nucleus accumbens: β = −0.075, PFDR = 0.044). Associations with total glucocorticoids followed a similar pattern to the cortisol findings. In this large community-based sample, elevated glucocorticoids were significantly associated with MDD, with early, but not later-life stress, and with reduced global and regional brain phenotypes. These findings provide important foundations for future mechanistic studies to formally explore causal relationships between early adversity, chronic rather than acute measures of glucocorticoids, and neurobiological associations relevant to the aetiology of MDD.

scholarly journals Generation Scotland - Using Electronic Health Records for Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archie Campbell ◽  
David Porteous
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Generation Scotland ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Family Based ◽  
New Research ◽  
Lab Test ◽  
Longitudinal Dataset

Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) is a family-based genetic epidemiology study of ~24,000 volunteers from ~7000 families recruited across Scotland between 2006 and 2011 with the capacity for follow-up through record linkage and re-contact. Broad consent was obtained for linkage to “medical records” for 98% of the cohort. Participants completed a questionnaire, provided samples, and underwent clinical assessment. The samples and data collected form a resource with consent for research on the genetics of health, becoming a longitudinal dataset by linkage to routine NHS hospital, maternity, lab test, prescribing, dentistry and mortality data. Researchers can use the linked datasets to test research hypotheses on a stratified population and target recruitment to new studies. We have established and validated EHR linkage, overcoming technical and governance issues in the process. We plan to collaborate with UK Biobank, creating a combined cohort of over 50,000 people in Scotland, and using the SHARE register to obtain new research samples from routine NHS tests. We will extend linkage to include primary care data and scanned images in the next year. The resources are available to academic and commercial researchers through a managed access process.

scholarly journals Intelligence and neuroticism in relation to depression and psychological distress: Evidence from two large population cohorts

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Navrady ◽  
S.J. Ritchie ◽  
S.W.Y. Chan ◽  
D.M. Kerr ◽  
M.J. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Risk For Depression

AbstractBackground:Neuroticism is a risk factor for selected mental and physical illnesses and is inversely associated with intelligence. Intelligence appears to interact with neuroticism and mitigate its detrimental effects on physical health and mortality. However, the inter-relationships of neuroticism and intelligence for major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychological distress has not been well examined.Methods:Associations and interactions between neuroticism and general intelligence (g) on MDD, self-reported depression, and psychological distress were examined in two population-based cohorts: Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS, n = 19,200) and UK Biobank (n = 90,529). The Eysenck Personality Scale Short Form-Revised measured neuroticism and g was extracted from multiple cognitive ability tests in each cohort. Family structure was adjusted for in GS:SFHS.Results:Neuroticism was strongly associated with increased risk for depression and higher psychological distress in both samples. Although intelligence conferred no consistent independent effects on depression, it did increase the risk for depression across samples once neuroticism was adjusted for. Results suggest that higher intelligence may ameliorate the association between neuroticism and self-reported depression although no significant interaction was found for clinical MDD. Intelligence was inversely associated with psychological distress across cohorts. A small interaction was found across samples such that lower psychological distress associates with higher intelligence and lower neuroticism, although effect sizes were small.Conclusions:From two large cohort studies, our findings suggest intelligence acts a protective factor in mitigating the effects of neuroticism on psychological distress. Intelligence does not confer protection against diagnosis of depression in those high in neuroticism.

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