Can lichen secondary compounds impact upon the pathogenic soil fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenaceum?

The antifungal activity of secondary lichen metabolites extracted by means of acetone and ethanol from Cetraria islandica, Cladonia mitis, C. rangiferina, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Usnea dasopoga on the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenacuem was examined. The activity of extracted compounds was tested after their mixture with PDA medium before solidification. The most active extracts inhibiting the growth of fungal mycelia contained fumarprotocetraric, salazinic and usnic acids, and atranorin. Unparalleled activity was demonstrated by an ethanol extract from mixed C. islandica and P. furfuracea thalli, which accelerated the growth of F. avenaceum compared with the control test with ethanol. The growth rate of the two Fusarium representatives was strongly inhibited by both alcoholic extracts from C. mitis and from C. rangiferina, more strongly than by the extracts from the mixed thalli of the two terricolous taxa. A dose of 1 ml of acetone added to the medium had no significant effect on the growth of the tested fungi; it indicates usefulness of acetone as a solvent for some lichen compounds in this type of experiment.

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A comparative evaluation of Kumaun Himalayan Gymnosperms for their Antifungal potential against plant pathogenic fungi

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2018.7302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 230-241

Author(s):

Savita Joshi ◽

◽

Parikshit Kumar ◽

Prabha Pant ◽

SC Sati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Total Activity ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Cedrus Deodara ◽

Araucaria Cunninghamii

Fungicidal activity of 10 ethnobotanically known Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermous plants namely Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana were tested against six plant disease causing fungal pathogens by agar well-diffusion method. Forty extracts of these gymnospermic leaves in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) were studied by performing the 160 sets of experiments. The MIC values of each extract (where % inhibition ≥ 40%) were also determined. All the plant extracts exhibited strong antifungal activity. Results indicated that all leaves extracts of C. griffithi and G. biloba were found most effective among the tested plants extracts. Hexane extract of C. griffithi was showed highest inhibitory activity against C. falcatum (72%; MIC, 7.81µg/ml) and T. indica (70%; MIC, 15.62µg/ml). On the other hand, ethanol extract of G. biloba also showed remarkable activity against P. oryzae (66% with MIC, 7.81g/ml). While P. wallichiana leave extracts were found less active among the studied plants against all the tested fungal strains. The chloroform extracts were found the most effective against all the tested fungi (10% to 60%), followed by ethanol extract (30-50%), methanol extract (20-40%), while in hexane extracts ranged 10-30% only. The extracts of C. griffithi exhibited superior Relative Antifungal Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by G. biloba and A. cunninghamii (RAA, 19 and 12%, respectively). All data were also analyzed for determination of total activity of plant for each studied species of gymnosperm. C. griffithi had maximum activity i.e. 71 % followed by G. biloba (54%) and A. cunninghamii (33%). C. torulosa showed the least total activity and RAA i.e. 8% and 3%, respectively. All the plant species assayed possess definite antifungal properties and suggested for phytochemical analysis to identify the active principles responsible for their antifungal activity

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Antifungal activity of saponins originated from Medicago hybrida against some ornamental plant pathogens

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.061 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alicja Saniewska ◽

Anna Jarecka ◽

Zbigniew Biały ◽

Marian Jurzysta

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Medicagenic Acid ◽

Fungitoxic Effect

Antifungal activity of total saponins originated from roots of Medicago hybrida (Pourret) Trautv. were evaluated in vitro against six pathogenic fungi and eight individual major saponin glycosides were tested against one of the most susceptible fungi. The total saponins showed fungitoxic effect at all investigated concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) but their potency was different for individual fungi. The highest saponin concentration (0.1%) was the most effective and the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi was 84.4%, 69.9%, 68.6%, 57.2%, 55.0%, respectively. While Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., a pathogen of Muscari armeniacum, was inhibited by 9.5% only. Eight major saponin glycosides isolated from the total saponins of M. hybrida roots were tested against the mycelium growth of Botrytis tulipae. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited by hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-galactopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside showed low fungitoxic activity. Medicagenic acid 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl- 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-[α-L- hamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 28-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D- lucopyranoside did not limit or only slightly inhibited growth of the tested pathogen. While 2β, 3β-dihydroxyolean-12 ene-23-al-28-oic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside slightly stimulated mycelium growth of B. tulipae.

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Effect of Dinitroanilines on Solanaceous Vegetables and Soil Fungi

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500035517 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 243-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Y. Eshel ◽

J. Katan

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Black Beauty ◽

Sensitive Fungus

The phytotoxicities of four substituted dinitroanilines,N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylcumidine (isopropalin), 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin), and α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), to eggplant(Solarium melongenaL. ‘Black Beauty’), pepper(Capsicum annuumL. ‘Vindale’), and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘VF 145-B-7879′) were studied. Nitralin and trifluralin were most active in inhibiting root elongation and top growth of these plants, the effect of benefin was intermediate, and isopropalin was the least active herbicide. The order of crop tolerance was as follows: tomato > pepper > eggplant. The effect of these herbicides on two pathogenic fungi,Rhizoctonia solaniKuehn andFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici(Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans. was tested in culture and was found to be quantitatively and qualitatively different from that on plants. With both fungi benefin and trifluralin were more toxic than isopropalin, while nitralin showed a very low toxicity.R. solaniwas the less sensitive fungus.

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Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract among Three Ganoderma Species From Lombok in Inhibition Growth of Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans

Journal of Science and Science Education ◽

10.29303/jossed.v1i1.453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Fitria Rizka Hidayat ◽

Sukiman Sukiman ◽

Ernin Hidayati ◽

Sarkono Sarkono ◽

Bambang Fajar Suryadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

High Concentration ◽

Opportunistic Pathogenic

Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans are opportunistic pathogenic fungi that cause infectious diseases that are the world's biggest health problems. The use of antibiotics is one way to overcome the spread of the infection and cause microbial resistance. Ganoderma is one of the many macrophages found on Lombok's island, and studies of its antifungal activity have not been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal potential and the effect of different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of three Ganoderma species on C. albicans and C. neoformans. Ganoderma samples were obtained from Suranadi Taman Wisata Alam (TWA), Sesaot TWA, Tunak Mountain TWA, Kerandangan TWA, and Pusuk Forest. Ganoderma extraction was carried out by the maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with metronidazole as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the well. The results obtained are the three species of Ganoderma have antifungal activity against test fungi, and different levels of concentration affect inhibition. The amount of the inhibition zone is directly proportional to the high concentration of the extract. All three Ganoderma species are more effective in inhibiting the growth of C. neoformans compared with Candida albicans

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In vitro antifungal activity of lime peels extract (Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle.) against Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. em. Snyd. & Hans.

Symposium of Biology Education (Symbion) ◽

10.26555/symbion.3510 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Rizki Wuri Widaryuni ◽

Oktira Roka Aji

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Optimum Concentration ◽

Citrus Aurantifolia ◽

Lime Peel

Fusarium wilt in plants is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium wilt disease prevention using synthetic fungicides cause various problems in the environment and human health, it is necessary to change to natural fungicides like lime peels. This study was conducted to determine the percentage of antifungal activity at the optimum concentration of ethanol extract of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. Lime peel extract was obtained from the maceration process using 96% ethanol solvent. Antifungal activity test uses a food poisoning method with mycelium diameter parameters that grow on the media. The concentration of ethanol extract of lime peels tested was 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, and the positive control used was synthetic antracol fungicide 0.3%. The results showed the optimum concentration of ethanol extract of lime peel to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum was a concentration of 15% with a percentage of antifungal activity is 56.34%. This is because the concentration is the lowest concentration that can inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum with a strong level of activity.

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Antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf extracts against Fusarium oxysporum

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.47007/ijobb.v4i1.51 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Oktira Roka Aji ◽

Yuni Rohmawati

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Pathogen Control ◽

Negative Impacts

Fusarium oxysporum is an important disease that causes wilt disease in plants. Fungal pathogen control using synthetic fungicides can cause negative impacts on the environment. Morinda citrifolia is one of the herbs that is known for many benefits. M. citrifolia leaf contains anthraquinone which have potential as antifungal agents. In this study, in vitro anti-fungal assay was conducted against F. oxysporum to analyze the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of M. citrifolia leaves. In vitro evaluation was carried out using poisoned food technique at four different concentrations i.e., 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The results showed concentration 60% gave the highest inhibitory effect (21,82%) on F. oxysporum mycelium growth.

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Secondary Metabolites Production by Actinomycetes and their Antifungal Activity

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i4.713 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tirta Kumala Dewi ◽

Dwi Agustiani ◽

Sarjiya Antonius

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Wide Range ◽

Layer Chromatography

Wilt desease of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (FOC) is one of the most destructive deseases of banana in the tropics. Actinomycetes are the most economically and biotechnologically valuable prokaryotes able to produce wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites. The aims of the present study are to isolate and screen the actinomycetes with high potential ability to produce secondary metabolites that have inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Two isolates from Lampung and Cianjur showed activity against fungi. The isolates designed as L.3.1 and CiIA5b. The metabolites from potent stain was produced by extraction of culture filtrate with ethyl acetate : methanol (4:1), it was tested for their antifungal activity by well diffusion method. Evidence for in vitro antibiosis of L.3.1 and CiIA5b isolates was demonstrated by the zone of fungal-growth inhibition. Production of secondary metabolites was analysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and bioautography assays. In this study, the metabolites from L.3.1 and CiIA5b have showed good antifungal activity.<div> Keywords: Actinomycetes; antifungal activity; bioautography; secondary metabolites; thin layer chromatography.</div>

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Fungi colonizing diseased plants of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x grandiflorum /Ramat./ Kitam) grown under covers in Sandomierz region

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 213-224

Author(s):

Marek Kopacki ◽

Anna Wagner

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Root Rot ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fusarium Avenaceum ◽

Pathogenic Species

Chrysanthemum is one of the most important ornamental plants growing under covers in Poland but it is often infected by soil fungi. Investigations were carried out in 1999-2001 (summer and autumn) in 9 horticultural farms in Sandomierz district. Plants with symptoms of stem and root rot, leaves yellows and wilt were noticed on the investigated plantations. The results of mycological analysis showed that chrysanthemum plants were colonized by Fusarium spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Alternaria spp. Among isolated fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium avenaceum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were predominating pathogenic species. Cv. Snowdon was colonized by pathogens most frequently, while the population of pathogenic fungi from cv. Royalys was the lowest.

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Antifungal activities of the rhizome extract of five member Zingiberaceae against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Evy Prastiyanto ◽

NI’MATUR ROHMAH ◽

LESITA EFENDI ◽

RAHMATIA ARIFIN ◽

FANDHI ADI WARDOYO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Trichophyton Rubrum ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antifungal Activities

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Rohmah N, Efendi L, Arifin R, Wardoyo FA, Wilson W, Mukaromah AH, Dewi SS, Darmawati S. 2021. Antifungal activities of the rhizome extract of five member Zingiberaceae against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Biodiversitas 22: 1509-1513. Fungal infections have now become serious health issues. One of the strategies to avoid the problems of fungal infections is by using natural product from plants that are effective against many human pathogenic fungi. The study portrayed the use of the extracts of plant rhizomes as the alternatives to fight against number of human pathogenic fungi. This research aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of crude ethanol extract of five member of the family Zingiberaceae (Curcuma longa, Alpinia galanga Zingiber officinale. var. rubrum, Zingiber officinale var. officinarum and Zingiber officinale var. amarum), which are widely used as folk medicines against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Crude ethanol extracts of five members of Zingiberaceae were evaluated for their antifungal activities and the results were calculated based on the zones of inhibition using the diffusion method. The extract showed antifungal activity against Candida. albicans in the agar well diffusion assay (10.2-27.1 mm inhibition diameter) and against T. rubrum (27.3-44.3 mm inhibition diameter). The data have revealed that all rhizomes have the potential to be developed as antifungal agents, particularly against C. albicans and T. rubrum. Studies on the antifungal activity against yeast-like (C. albicans) and filamentous (T. rubrum) can provide new information about the benefits of members Zingiberaceae as a source of natural antifungal. Researchers can select the type of rhizome that has more potential for further extraction to obtain pure compounds that can be used as antifungals.

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Evaluating the Antifungal Activity of α-Bisabolol in Association with NaCl on Fusarium oxysporum in Maize Grains

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-020-02313-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

César A. C. de Medeiros ◽

Ânderson de V. Pinto ◽

Josenildo C. de Oliveira ◽

Gezaíldo S. Silva ◽

Juliana M. M. Arrua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum

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