scholarly journals Semiotics of the 20th century

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-244
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Brain

Semiotic and linguistic studies of the 20th century have been important mostly in two senses — (1) they have opened a road for comparative research on the origin and development of language and other systems of signs adding a new dimension to the history of culture; (2) they have shown a possibility of uniting different fields of humanities around semiotics suggesting a way to trespass separation and atomisation of different trends in investigating culture. In the 21st century one may hope for closer integration of semiotics and exact and natural sciences. The points of intersection with the mathematical logic, computer science and information theory that already exist might lead to restructuring theoretical semiotics making it a coherent and methodologically rigid discipline. At the same time, the continuation of neurosemiotic studies promises a breakthrough in understanding those parts of the work of the brain that are most intimately connected to culture. From this point of view semiotics may play an outstanding role in the synthesis of biological science and humanities. In my mind that makes it a particularly important field of future research.

scholarly journals Qualitativeness of Consciousness: Genesis of the Problem in Ancient Philosophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
M. I. Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Speaking about the philosophy of mind researchers address the concept of «qualia». In spite of the fact that this term entered the philosophical discourse at the beginning of the 20th century, the legitimacy of its use is still in question. The starting methodological point of the dispute is whether it is necessary to study the quality nature of consciousness separately or we can treat this problem as part of the language description of the functional activity of the brain. One of arguments in favor of the latter point of view is the novelty of the term. The author provides arguments that the problem field of qualia was formed in ancient philosophy. Rethought later as the problem of universals, the idea of the subjectivity of experience accompanies in the history of philosophy the questions related to human consciousness.

Spiritual Crisis of the Beginning of the 20th Century: From Philosophical to Religious Interpretations

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Koltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The One

The paper is an attempt to narrow down the notion of spiritual crisis which is now widely applied in research on history of culture of the 19th–20th centuries, with respect to history of German philosophy and observation of modern reli­giosity. The shift from the history of philosophy to the religious context is ful­filled through analysis of texts of two religious thinkers, A. Reinach and S. Frank, whose thought clearly demonstrates strong interconnection between the both fields. Analysis of contemporary studies on history of phenomenological philos­ophy (C. Möckel and W. Gleixner) lets firstly observe ways of application of Koselleck’s notion of crisis to investigations in the history of philosophy. Sec­ondly it discovers two possibilities of philosophical contextualization of the con­cept of spiritual crisis – on the one hand, as a constituent rhetorical element of the philosophical statement (Möckel), on the other hand, as a term which de­scribes the uniqueness of an intellectual situation of the beginning of the 20thcentury (Gleixner). Then these aspects of the rhetoric of crisis are applied to reli­gious philosophy of Reinach and Frank, what leads to interpretation of their works as a particular statement discovering the divine (or the holy) as a new cat­egory of religious consciousness.

The Ismaili Tradition in Iran: 13th Century to the Present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Beben
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
To Receive

The Ismailis are a minority community of Shiʿi Muslims that first emerged in the 8th century. Iran has hosted one of the largest Ismaili communities since the earliest years of the movement and from 1095 to 1841 it served as the home of the Nizārī Ismaili imams. In 1256 the Ismaili headquarters at the fortress of Alamūt in northern Iran was captured by the Mongols and the Imam Rukn al-Dīn Khūrshāh was arrested and executed, opening a perilous new chapter in the history of the Ismailis in Iran. Generations of observers believed that the Ismailis had perished entirely in the course of the Mongol conquests. Beginning in the 19th century, research on the Ismailis began to slowly reveal the myriad ways in which they survived and even flourished in Iran and elsewhere into the post-Mongol era. However, scholarship on the Iranian Ismailis down to the early 20th century remained almost entirely dependent on non-Ismaili sources that were generally quite hostile toward their subject. The discovery of many previously unknown Ismaili texts beginning in the early 20th century offered prospects for a richer and more complete understanding of the tradition’s historical development. Yet despite this, the Ismaili tradition in the post-Mongol era continues to receive only a fraction of the scholarly attention given to earlier periods, and a number of sources produced by Ismaili communities in this period remain unexplored, offering valuable opportunities for future research.

Review of: Рикёр П. Genesis, essence and substance in Plato and Aristotle. Course taught at the University of Strasbourg in 1953-1954 / transl. from french G. V. Vdovina. Moscow: Publishing house of humanitarian literature, 2019. 286 p. ISBN 978-5-87121-051-2

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Алексей Михайлович Гагинский
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Formal Point

Курс лекций П. Рикёра, прочитанный более полувека назад, интересен по ряду причин. Во-первых, потому что он посвящён крайне важной теме — античной онтологии; во-вторых, потому что он был прочитан одним из ведущих философов XX в.; в-третьих, потому что этот философ был крупнейшим представителем герменевтического направления, вследствие чего особенно любопытно проследить, как он читает тексты, без преувеличения, самых важных философов в истории человечества. Впрочем, с формальной точки зрения есть некоторые сомнения в возожности исполнения замысла работы: П. Рикёр всё-таки не антиковед, его знание греческого языка, что видно из текста, весьма скромного уровня; кроме того, изданный текст представляет собой курс лекций, автор которых, как кажется, не столько хочет донести до слушателей результаты кропотливых исследований и продуманных идей, сколько разобраться вместе со студентами в античной онтологии. P. Ricoeur's course of lectures, delivered more than half a century ago, is interesting for a number of reasons. Firstly, because it is devoted to an extremely important topic - ancient ontology; secondly, because it was read by one of the leading philosophers of the 20th century; thirdly, because this philosopher was the biggest representative of the hermeneutic direction, so it is especially interesting to trace how he reads texts of, without exaggeration, the most important philosophers in the history of mankind. However, from the formal point of view, there are some doubts about the feasibility of the idea of the work: Ricoeur is not an antiquarian and his knowledge of Greek, as the text shows, is rather modest; besides, the published text is a course of lectures, the author of which seems to want not so much to convey the results of laborious research and elaborated ideas to his students, as to understand ancient ontology together with the students.

scholarly journals The contribution of Svetlana N. Ikonnikova to the development of the Russian Cultural Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Olga V. Prokudenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Personal Contribution ◽  
Philosophy Professor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
International Academy

The article is devoted to the formation and the development of the academic, creative and organization path of Svetlana N. Ikonnikova – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, International Academy of Sciences of Higher School. The main stages of the biography and the results of her academic activity are considered in this article. It is shown that Svetlana N. Ikonnikova made the great contribution to the formation of such branch of Humanities as the Sociology of Youth. The separate stage is the creation of the Department of Theory and History, which played an important role in the development of the St. Petersburg School of Cultural Studies as well as the study of problems of theory and history of culture. The author shows the development of Svetlana N. Ikonnikova’s biographical method in Cultural Studies. This method played an important role in the study of personal contribution of creative personalities to the development of culture. The author analyzes the personal contribution of Svetlana N. Ikonnikova to the institutionalization of Cultural Studies as an academic and educational subject.

Giacomo Devoto 1898–1974

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-513
Author(s):  
Paolo Ramat
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Studies ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The paper essays to give a brief survey of the imposing and complex work of Giacomo Devoto (1897–1974), with particular emphasis on its principal traits seen both from the point of view of the history of linguistics and its scientific significance. Especial attention is drawn first of all to Devoto’s position vis-à-vis Benedetto Croce’s Idealism and the linguistic positivism of the first half of the 20th century. It seems possible to define Devoto’s position as a dialectic one between these two intellectual currents, which eventually led to an historicism, which actually was typical of the Italian linguistic tradition. From this viewpoint then Devoto’s understanding of language as an ‘institution’ is examined, including his intervention in the dispute between N. Ja. Marr and Stalin. After having dealt with his concept of a ‘stylistics of language’, which returns to regarding langue as an historicaland social institution, and its difference from a literary stylistics, Devoto’s Indo-European studies are examined. Here, the question of the relationship between linguistics and the other disciplines concerned with antiuqty is discussed, a relationship which Devotohad been obliged on several occasions to come back to. The ‘Devotian’ position is presented critically with the help of discussions which Devoto himself had entertained, with archaeologists and with linguists.

The Interior of Newly Renovated St. John’s Museum in Nepomuk as Seen through the Eyes of its Employees

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Kateřina Dobrovolná
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
The Creation

Saint John’s Museum in Nepomuk, which is dedicated to the Saint of the same name (who was a local native), was reopened in March 2015. It’s original name was the Museum of St. John’s and other religious monuments and the museum was founded in 1930 by Father Jan Strnad. The institution was subsequently closed in the mid-20th Century. The study cursorily reveals the history of the Museum and the overall history and architecture of the building, where the Museum is located and its present status and particularly the reconstruction and the equipment of the Museum’s interior from the point of view of the Museum’s employees, specifically in regard to any problematical display cases. Three semistructured interviews were conducted with people who had contributed to the Museum in varying degrees, focused on the reconstruction of the Museum. This critical study can be of service not only to the Museum staff but also for other professionals from this area during the reconstruction of exhibitions or the creation of new ones.

scholarly journals ZUNR (WEST UKRAINIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC) IN ENCYCLOPAEDIC EDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Stepan BORCHUK ◽  
Maryana ZASYPKO
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
University Of Rome

The encyclopedic editions that cover the topic of ZUNR are analyzed in this article. The main focus is on the Soviet encyclopedic editions "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia" and "Soviet Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine" in which the authors covered the history of ZUNR under the crushing Soviet propaganda way. These articles describe the position of the Soviet authorities regarding the history of the ZUNR and the independence of Ukraine. Historical aspects of statehood are revealed, but as destructive and crushing for the Soviet apparatus. The unilateral nature of these articles was characterized as they covered ZUNR policy from a subjective point of view. The tendency of repetition of encyclopedic texts on ZUNR that passed from one Soviet edition to another is revealed. Changes in the emphasis on the study of the history of ZUNR with the restoration of Ukraine's independence have been observed. Significant attention is focused on modern encyclopedic projects, which cover the history of ZUNR and have become a kind of quintessence and business card of all previous scientific work on the subject of ZUNR. Examples in changing the emphasis in ZUNR research by modern researchers are given. The basic conceptual bases of national historiography concerning the history of ZUNR are formulated. In the article, the author emphasizes the position of changing the assessment of the state policy of ZUNR officials to the state policy. Domestic researchers in new encyclopedic editions re-submit ZUNR history and most of the stigmatized spots have been cleaned up and fairly introduced into national encyclopedic editions. The article emphasizes the need to develop new archival data that will become available in the archives of the Catholic University of Rome. Declassification of these materials will make it possible to review articles in encyclopedic editions of already independent Ukraine. Make their own adjustments and add to existing present historical material. The author emphasizes that encyclopedic science is an important field of historical disciplines, because it covers a large amount of material in an accessible abbreviated form. Key words: Western Ukrainian People's Republic 1918–1919, national democratic revolution, «Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia», «Soviet Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine», «Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine», «Western Ukrainian People's Republic 1918–1923. Encyclopedia», Ukrainian Galician Army.

scholarly journals Filozoficzno-historyczne zaplecze etyki biznesu

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-179
Author(s):  
Paweł Więckowski
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century

The text describes different philosophical concepts and historically important cultural phenomena that should be considered while rethinking ethical side of business. Broad range of both philosophical (such as the search for the foundations of morality, social contract) and social subjects (such as history of centralized state, individualism) is presented to help the reflections. The background for analysis is the history of culture, especially of primary collective society; contrasted with it is individualism of classical Athens with corresponding reaction of philosophers; development of state and Christianity in Roman Empire; organismic medieval state; Renaissance, reformation and the birth of capitalism; the Enlightenment breakthrough and English capitalism; liberalism and Darwinism of the 19th century; the catastrophe of European culture and success of America of the 20th century.

scholarly journals An Eco-poetic Approach to Architecture Across Boundaries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Art ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Asian Philosophy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

As highlighted by the post-Cartesian discourse across philosophical schools, Western thought had been struggling for a long time with conceiving interconnectedness. The problematic of Western dualism is most apparent with the so-called mind-body problem, but the issue does not only relate to the separation of body and mind but also the separation of living beings from their environments. Asian philosophy, on the other hand, has had a long history of thinking relations. The paper argues that an architectural philosophy that is open for a dialogue with Asian views would allow for a new approach to conceptualising the interconnectedness of minds, bodies, environments, and cultures. Linking Asian and Western aesthetics with a discourse on ecology, and setting it into dialogue with contemporary theories of architecture, the paper also refers torecent research on embodiment that is engaging from a new point of view with the natural sciences, and that appears to confirm positions of traditional Chinese philosophy. Reconsidering traditional Chinese art and aesthetics, the paper suggests, could initiate a new eco-poetic way of thinking the built environment and its design in favour of a future that is more than smart.

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