scholarly journals Drug-trafficking as a Non-traditional Security Threat: Emerging Trends and Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Pushpita Das
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Drugs

India‟s proximity to two of the world‟s largest producers of opium and synthetic drugs and its large pharmaceutical base has made the country not only a conduit but also a source for drug trafficking. This illegal movement of narcotics and drugs pose significant threats to national security: breach of security of the international borders and the country, money generated by the sale of drugs and narcotics are used for terror funding and criminal groups engaged in drug trafficking develop nexus with terror networks. The trends and patterns of drug trafficking in the country demonstrate that there has been a gradual shift from traditional/natural drugs towards synthetic drugs that are being trafficked and consumed in the country. The paper analyses the steps taken by the State to curb the process and its effectiveness so far.

scholarly journals Islamic terrorism in Indonesia: Addressing Government Strategies and Muslim Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatan Kustana
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
National Agency ◽  
New Members ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Terrorism

<p><em>This paper shows how Terrorism has been emerging in the world, the potency to be spread out in the South-East Asian nations, and how Indonesia could face internal challenges to do counter-terrorism of the false Jihad, with multitrack diplomacy, primarily with Police and National Agency for Combating Terrorism counter-terrorism programs. In the perspective of defense strategy, the issue of terrorism brings several implications (Indonesian White Paper 2008, p. 9). The condition of Indonesian community with low educational levels and low economic income becomes target for terrorist actors to expand the network by developing and recruiting new members. The threat of Islamic terrorism is categorized as a national security threat. The Indonesian Government through its security apparatus still have to work hard to hunt down other terrorists, to undertake preventive efforts to prevent Islamic fundamentalist beliefs not to develop and increased education level and the understanding of Islam more comprehensively.</em></p>

scholarly journals Kaléidoscope : l'instrumentalisation du problème de la drogue dans les Amériques

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-733
Author(s):  
Michel Fortmann ◽  
Guillermo Aureano ◽  
Michel Lopez
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Frame Work

The purpose of this article is to shed new light on the issue of drug trafficking in the Americas. Specifically its objective is to demonstrate that the perception of drug trafficking as a national security threat is only one aspect of a much more complex socio-political phenomenon. First, this paper presents the multilateral mechanisms that serve as a frame work to facilitate regional cooperation on drug matters. It goes on to analyze the different approaches of regional drug trafficking. It concludes that a much more flexible approach is needed to gain an in-depth understanding of drug politics in the Americas.

scholarly journals Narcotic Drug Detection and Identification through Synchronous Fluorescence Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Shalini Mittal ◽  
Kiranmala Laishram ◽  
Saurabh Inamdar ◽  
N. R. Das ◽  
A. K. Razdan
Keyword(s):  
Synchronous Fluorescence ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Narcotic Drug ◽  
Drug Detection ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Lamp Source

Illegal production of potentially hazardous narcotics as well as various psychotropic drugs is being carried out in the neighbouring countries and international market which is causing narco-terrorism a global havoc. Compared with traditional/natural drugs the synthetic drugs are more smuggled nowadays. Because of the vulnerability of the borders to drug trafficking, India has increased surveillance at borders and coasts and thus has tackled the problem to some extent. Authors developing a Narcotic drug sensor (point sensor) for detection and identification of Narcotic drugs based on Laser Induced Fluorescence more specifically Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy in an effort. Some narcotic samples viz. Caffeine, Quinine and Tramadol were considered for the study. The fluorescence spectrum was studied using our own laboratory-based sensor incorporating charge coupled device-based Spectrometer and Laser source (266 nm wavelength) and commercial system from ‘Horiba Scientific’ incorporating Photomultiplier tube and Xe lamp source.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: History, Stages, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽  
Mohanad Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Natural Drugs

The pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants traditionally used for RA in Persian medicine are discussed in the current review. Further investigations are mandatory to focus on bioefficacy of these phytochemicals for finding novel natural drugs. Rheumatoid arthritis is chronic, progressive, disabling autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation of joints, damaging cartilage and bone around the joints. It is a systemic disease which means that it can affect the whole body and internal organs such as lungs, heart and eyes. Although numbers of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis but they have adverse effect that can compromise the therapeutic treatment. Unfortunately, there is still no effective known medicinal treatment that cures rheumatoid arthritis as the modern medicine can only treat the symptoms of this disease that means to relieve pain and inflammation of joints. It is possible to use the herbs and plants in various forms in order to relieve the pain and inflammation in the joints. There are so many medicinal plants that have shown anti rheumatoid arthritis properties. So the plants and plant product with significant advantages are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present review is focused on the medicinal plants having anti rheumatoid arthritis activity

An ayurvedic tablet formulation for ulcer protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Shiva Kumar K ◽  
Purushothaman M ◽  
Soujanya H ◽  
Jagadeeshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
System A ◽  
The World

Gastric ulcers or the peptic ulcer is the primary disease that affects the gastrointestinal system. A large extent of the population in the world are suffering from the disease, and the age group of people those who suffer from ulcers are 20-55years. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs. Practitioners have been using the herbal material to treat the ulcers successfully, and the same had been reported scientifically. Numerous publications have been made that proves the antiulcer activity of the plants around the world. The tablets were investigated for the antiulcer activity in two doses 200 and 400mg/kg in albino Wistar rats in the artificial ulcer those are induced by the ethanol. The prepared tablets showed a better activity compared to the standard synthetic drug and the marketed ayurvedic formulation. The tablets showed a dose-dependent activity in ulcer prevention and treatment. Many synthetic drugs are available for the ulcer treatment, and the drugs pose the other problems in the body by showing the side effects and some other reactions. This limits the use of synthetic drugs to treat ulcers effectively. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs.

Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs as promising therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Shirbhate ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Vijay K Patel ◽  
Ravichandran Veerasamy ◽  
Prabodh C Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China has today travelled all around the world, so far 216 countries or territories with 21,732,472 people infected and 770,866 deaths globally (as per WHO COVID-19 update dated August 18, 2020). Continuous efforts are being made to repurpose the existing drugs and develop vaccines for combating this infection. Despite, to date, no certified antiviral treatment or vaccine prevails. Although, few candidates have displayed their efficacy in in vitro studies and are being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. This article summarizes synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds displaying potent activity in their clinical experiences or studies against COVID-19 and also focuses on mode of action of drugs being repositioned against COVID-19.

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