scholarly journals The increase in the yield of commercial timber from round timber with internal rot

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Фролов ◽  
Ivan Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Flaw Detector ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Round Timber ◽  
Internal Rot

The article presents information on methods bucking wood core rot. Offering flaw detector used as X-ray unit upgraded to sight through the X-ray transmission type, and it is paired with 3D scanner. The article presents the scheme bucking of stems with heart rot for different companies depending on the volume and type of products. Used peeled or not burking whips, de-pending on the technological production chain.

Macro-Observation of the Interface of the Al-22%Si-Cu/Al-7%Si-MG Bi-Metal Parts Fabricated by Thixoforging

2016 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Guang Xu Wang ◽  
Xue Xuan Xu ◽  
Xiao Long He ◽  
Jian Ning Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Flaw Detector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volume Stability ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
T6 Heat Treatment ◽  
Average Tensile Strength

Thixo-forging has been proved to be able to fabricate bi-metal parts with a complex outline and a relatively regular interface economically. These products have potential applications on high volume stability radiators, brakes, and pistons. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the curved interfaces by micro observations. In this work, Al-22%Si-Cu/Al-7%Si-Mg bi-metal parts were fabricated by thixo-forging; state of the interfaces of the bi-metal parts was investigated by X-ray flaw detector observations and tensile test; optical microscope (OM) observation and scan electron microscope (SEM) observation were applied to assist the analysis. The results show that the metallurgical bonding of the interfaces is of good quality. No large scale flaw was found on the interface in X-ray flaw detector observation. It was found that higher forging pressure decreased the size of the crack on the interface and in the matrix. However, higher forging pressure can slightly improve tensile strength. Large ratio of fresh interface relates to original interface resulted in a slightly better tensile strength. Without heat-treatment, the bi-metal forgings have an average tensile strength of 106 MPa. T6 heat treatment blunted the blades of the plate like crack and nodulized the defects, T6 heat treatment also decreased the size of the Si particles. As a result, the average tensile strength of the bi-metal forgings increased to 200 MPa.

scholarly journals Effect of Additive of Polymetallic Ores’ Tailin gs on Properties of Composite Cements

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Zh. Aymenov ◽  
N.B. Sarsenbayev ◽  
T.M. Khudyakova ◽  
B.K. Sarsenbayev ◽  
A.T. Batyrkhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
High Tech ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Composite Cements ◽  
Positive Effect

The article analyzes the use of polymetallic ores’ tailings as a basis for production of composite cements and concrete, having protective properties against gamma and X-rays radiation, as well as high strength and lifetime. The main practically significant result is: the development of scientific and technological production bases of new high-tech type of multicomponent hydraulic binders for concretes – composite cements; the identification of new hydration products in composite cements with addition of polymetallic ores’ tailings; the development of optimal compositions of composite cements for concretes. It is established that the composite cements, that developed by us on the basis of polymetallic ores’ tailings, meet modern requirements i.e. its improve the construction-technical properties of material, have positive effect to the environment situation and allow to reduce the production cost of the final product. Their technology is low metal-intensive and<br />power-consuming. Studies of physical-chemical processes of composite cements structure formation with addition of polymetallic ores’ tailings have been conducted using methods such as chemical, X-ray phase, differential-thermal and electronmicroscopic analysis methods.

Special Features of Reactor Coolant Pipe Inspection Exampled by Testing of Weld Specimen

NDT World ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Титов ◽  
Vyacheslav Titov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Ultrasonic Testing ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Pulse Repetition Frequency ◽  
Flaw Detector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reactor Coolant ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw ◽  
Gain Adjustment

Introduction. Testing of reactor coolant pipe (RCP) weld joints and matters of testing quality ensuring are considered in the article. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the potential of phased array ultrasonic systems for testing of RCP as well as to show capabilities of portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers for composition express analysis of weld joints. Method. Real fragments of RCP weld joints Du580 were chosen for the experiment. Phased array ultrasonic flaw detector OmniScan MX was used as a testing instrument; testing data were analyzed and interpreted with TomoView software. Chemical analysis was fulfilled with PMI Master UVR and Olympus DELTA devices. Results. Fragments of RCP weld joints Du580 have been examined. Chemical analysis results have confirmed that a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer can be used for determining the main alloying elements. Benefits and drawbacks of phased array ultrasonic testing for RCP weld joints have been revealed; recommendations for time corrected gain adjustment and pulse repetition frequency selection have been given; questions of improvement of testing productivity and quality have been considered. Conclusion. Application of phased array at ultrasonic testing of complex and important objects increases objectivity of the testing results. Using real fragments of reactor coolant pipe as specimens for adjustment makes it possible both to avoid interpretation mistakes and develop detailed testing techniques.

Non-Destructive Testing of Joints of Antifriction Parts Crimped by Pulsed Magnetic Deformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
Alexey Tatarinov ◽  
Viktor Mironov ◽  
Dmitry Rybak ◽  
Pavels Stankevich
Keyword(s):  
Flaw Detector ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw Detector ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw ◽  
Non Destructive

Possibilities of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to assess the quality of permanent joints of powder metal parts were evaluated. Antifriction bushing-bushing couples used in transport braking systems were investigated. The parts made of bronze graphite were crimped by pulsed magnetic deformation by means of electromagnetic equipment with a maximum discharge energy of 30 kJ. The gap between joint parts in the couples was assessed by ultrasonic and radiographic methods. A standard ultrasonic flaw detector Krautkramer USM-25 with an Olympus 4MHz dual-element echo transducer and an industrial x-ray apparatus YXLON EVO 200D were used, correspondingly. In first trial, both methods were equally sensitive to tight and weak connection of joints.

scholarly journals Production of biochars derived from sewage sludge and orange peels

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e18
Author(s):  
Larissa Firmino de Lima ◽  
Victória Regina Celso Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues Barquilha ◽  
Maria Cristina Borba Braga
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orange Peels

The increasing accumulation of waste in the environment has several environmental and public health impacts. In contrast, the circular economy emerges as a model that seeks the return of waste to the production chain. An alternative for the reinsertion of these materials to the production cycle is their conversion into biochar by the pyrolysis process. Thus, this study aims to produce, perform the initial characterization and compare biochars obtained from two different matrices: sludge from sewage treatment plants and orange peels. The sludge samples were pyrolyzed at 450 °C (BL450) and 650 °C (BL650). While the orange peel biochars were produced at 400 °C (BC400) and 600 °C (BC600). Yields were determined and analyzes of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were also performed. The yields obtained were 32% (BC400), 28% (BC600), 46% (BL450) and 38% (BL650). The presence of pores was identified in the BC400 and BC600 SEM micrographs. However, for the BL450 and the BL650 samples, heterogeneous and asymmetric surfaces were observed. From the EDX analysis the absence of trace metals and the presence of compounds potentially beneficial to the soil and plants were found, which can act as binders in the adsorption process. In addition, due to their mostly carbonaceous composition, biochars are resistant to decomposition and can contribute to the carbon sequestration process. The yields obtained indicate a reduction of the mass of waste, which can be advantageous for handling and transportation. As a result, the production of biochar from non-conventional materials, such as sewage sludge and orange peels, can be seen as an attractive alternative for waste management, since it assists the reintroduction of these materials in the production chain, according to the concept of circular economy. 

scholarly journals The use of portable x-ray equipment for detection of inner defects of timber wood.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Фролов ◽  
Ivan Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Internal Defects ◽  
State Budget ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Higher Professional Education ◽  
Round Timber

Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Professional Education «Saint-Petersburg state forest technical University named after S. M. Kirov», Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation. The article deals with information on the use of portable x-ray equipment as a detec-tor of internal defects in round timber. The suggested improving of a harvester head with the help of portable X-rays considers internal defects and sorting during the logging jobs.

Validity of a Three-Dimensional Body Scanner: Comparison Against a 4-Compartment Model and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Cabre ◽  
Malia N.M. Blue ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Gabrielle J Brewer ◽  
Lacey Marie Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Scanner

Three-dimensional (3D) body scanner technology for body composition assessment is expanding. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a 3D body scanner. 194 participants (43% male; Age: 23.52±5.47 yrs; BMI: 23.98±3.24 kg·m-2) were measured using 3D scanner and a 4-compartment (4C) model utilizing DXA, air displacement plethysmography, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Dependent t-tests, validity statistics including total error (TE), standard error of the estimate (SEE), constant error, and Bland-Altman analyses were utilized. Compared to 4C, 3D scanner FM [mean difference (MD; 3D- 4C): 2.66 kg±3.32 kg] and %BF (MD: 4.13%±5.36%) were significantly (p<0.001) over-predicted; FFM was significantly underpredicted (MD: -3.15 kg±4.75 kg; p<0.001). 3D demonstrated poor validity indicated by TE (%BF: 5.61%; FM: 4.50 kg; FFM: 5.69 kg). In contrast, there were no significant differences between 3D and DXA measures; 3D scanner demonstrated acceptable measurement for %BF (TE: 4.25%), FM (TE: 2.92 kg), and LM (TE: 3.86 kg). Compared to the 4C criterion, high TE values indicated 3D estimates were not valid. In contrast, 3D estimates produced acceptable measurement agreement when compared to DXA; an average overestimation of %BF by 5.31% (vs. 4C) and 4.20% (vs. DXA) may be expected. Novelty: • 3D body composition estimates are not valid compared to the 4-compartment criterion model. • 3D estimates appeared to be more valid in females, compared to males. • When compared to DXA, 3D estimates were acceptable.

scholarly journals Estimation of calcaneal deformation while standing from the boolean operation between 3D and footprint image and its comparison with lateral x-ray

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Dwi Basuki Wibowo ◽  
Agus Suprihanto ◽  
Achmad Widodo ◽  
Gunawan Dwi Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Boolean Operation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Older Person ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Digital Footprint ◽  
Heel Pad ◽  
Excessive Body Weight

Load and deformation in the calcaneal/heel region are often studied because of their potential for pain. Research conducted before proved that the calcaneal region receives large loads, both standing and walking, mainly due to excessive body weight. While heel pad deformation is not always associated with body weight, but its influenced by the mechanical properties of plantar soft tissues. In the older person the deformation of the calcaneal region while standing is lower than the adult person, which indicates the loss of the elasticity of the heel pad in aged adults. The aim of this study is estimating deformation of calcaneal area while standing from the Boolean Operation between 3D and footprint image of foot which is a novelty. Thirteen patients who feel pain due to calcanea spur were asked to volunteer research (3 males and 10 females, age 56 ±10 years old, and BMI 25.53±3.74 kg/m2). The 3D image is obtained from 3D scanner for foot orthotics, while the 2D footprint image is obtained from the digital footprint scanner. To determine the accuracy of this method compared with the deformation result of lateral x-rays due to its own weight.

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