scholarly journals THE NATURAL POTENTIAL OF REGENERATION IN FIR FORESTS, DAMAGED DURING THE INVASION OF POLYGRAPHUS PROXIMUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Дебков ◽  
Nikita Debkov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
The Impact

In the beginning of this century, the cases of invasions of dendrophilous insects becomes more often. The impact of invadors leads to the degradation of forest ecosystems and loss of natural biological diversity. The article discusses the invasion of Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in fir forests of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the potential of natural regeneration of fir forests in Western Siberia, damaged by Polygraphus proximus. Studies are conducted in the southern part of the Tomsk region at 11 test plots. Objects of research were both one breed fir trees, and grass communities of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) with participation of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and aspen (Populus tremula L.). Surveyed plantations belonged to the ripening or ripe age states. The study of natural regeneration was carried out according to standard procedures. Method of transects was used. Measurements were subjected to basic morphological parameters of the undergrowth. The distribution of the natural regeneration area was estimated by calculating the ratio of occurrence and index of scattering. To assess the affinity of the undergrowth, micromosaic structure of the organization of communities was studied. Analysis of the size and morphological structure of natural regeneration have identified the degree of damage of forest stand and condition of the undergrowth. Dynamics of spatial structure is characterized by heterogeneity (index of dispersion exceeds 1). It indicates group location and its variable density. 82 % of teste plots were recorded with mortality of trees in the impact of Polygraphus proximus. In this case the bulk of the deceased undergrowth is from the major category (95 %), and only 5 % is the average undergrowth. The share of deceased major undergrowth was 9.9-50 %. There was a positive relationship between the number of mortality of trees and status category of fir forest. The number of damaged undergrowth in fir forests varies from 1.2 to 29.6 thousand units/ha. Predominant species is fir. Fir forests of Western Siberia, damaged by Polygraphus proximus, have potential of regeneration. Siberian fir will retain edificatoria value.

scholarly journals Natural regeneration in Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests subjected to invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Debkov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study assessed the potential of natural regeneration (NR) of forests in Western Siberia, dominated by Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) and damaged due to the invasion of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.). The leading methods for investigating this problem are the sample plot method and the transect method, which allow revealing the features of NR, their morphological structure and spatial distribution. Analysis of the occurrence and structure of NR revealed a correlation between the degree of stand damage and sapling state. The spatial structure was highly heterogeneous, testifying the group location of NR and the variable density. For 63% of the sample plots, a decrease in saplings was recorded as a result of the impact of the four-eysouthern ed fir bark beetle. Most of the dead saplings were large (95%), and dead saplings accounted for 10–50%. A positive correlation was found between the decrease in saplings and the state of the fir forest. The number of saplings varied from 1,233 to 19,200 plants ha−1, with fir being the dominant species. Fir forests of Western Siberia, damaged by the four-eyed fir bark beetle, have the potential for regeneration.

Dendrolimus superans sibiricus. [Distribution map].

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Picea Jezoensis ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Dendrolimus Superans

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dendrolimus superans sibiricus (Tschetv). Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae. Hosts: Khingan, Sakhalin and Siberian fir (Abies nephrolepis, Abies sachalinensis, Abies sibirica), Dahurian and Siberian larch (Larix gmelinii, Larix sibirica), Yeddo and Siberian spruce (Picea jezoensis, Picea obovata), fruit pine (Pinus korainensis) and Pinus sibirica. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia, Central Russia, Eastern Siberia, Far East and Western Siberia) and Asia (China, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic and Mongolia).

scholarly journals Result of study on developing forest seed region in Mongolia

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Jamyansuren S ◽  
Udval B ◽  
Batkhuu N ◽  
Bat-Erdene J ◽  
Michael Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Siberian Pine

In other countries, they usually use auto road and railroad as borders of the forest seed regions. In case of Mongolia, this method is not suitable since sparse population, large distribution area of forests and large territory. Therefore, we used topographical features to determine borders of the seed regions. Satellite images in combination with DEM make it possible to define rivers, streams and mountain ridges as border of forest seed regions. Species included in forest seed regions are: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ldb.), Dahurian larch (Larix dahurica Turcz), Chekanovskii larch (Larix chekanowski Szaf.), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovate Ldb.), and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ldb.).Mongolian forests are mountain forests with high altitudinal variation and have dry growth condition hence, seed quality of the main tree species is declining recently. It is required to use seeds from the same seed region. Only if this is not possible the seeds should be obtained from regions with comparable ecological conditions.Local seed is the ones collected from the forests within the border of same seed region, and seed from the other regions are the ones collected from the other seed region. Seeds collected from the plain forests can be used for almost all forest regions, however seeds collected from mountainous regions can only be used within 200-400 m limit of the original altitude.We identified 19 seed regions for Siberian larch and 12 regions for Scots pine, 9 regions for Siberian pine, 6 regions for Siberian fir and 9 seed regions for Siberian spruce forests, respectively. Due to lack of genetic-selection study in Mongolia, this proposed forest seed regions can be considered as preliminary effort and it is possible to changed and improved based on more detailed research results. These forest seed regions proposed by project team can be used as fundamental material for establishing permanent forest seed supply based on genetic-selection characteristics of the forests in different regions in Mongolia.

scholarly journals Seasonally changing contribution of sea ice and snow cover to uncertainty in multi-decadal Eurasian surface air temperature trends based on CESM simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaomin Ding ◽  
Renguang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Northern Siberia ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of sea ice and snow changes on surface air temperature (SAT) trends on the multidecadal time scale over the mid- and high-latitudes of Eurasia during boreal autumn, winter and spring based on a 30-member ensemble simulations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). A dynamical adjustment method is used to remove the internal component of circulation-induced SAT trends. The leading mode of dynamically adjusted SAT trends is featured by same-sign anomalies extending from northern Europe to central Siberia and to the Russian Far East, respectively, during boreal spring and autumn, and confined to western Siberia during winter. The internally generated component of sea ice concentration trends over the Barents-Kara Seas contributes to the differences in the thermodynamic component of internal SAT trends across the ensemble over adjacent northern Siberia during all the three seasons. The sea ice effect is largest in autumn and smallest in winter. Eurasian snow changes contribute to the spread in dynamically adjusted SAT trends as well around the periphery of snow covered region by modulating surface heat flux changes. The snow effect is identified over northeast Europe-western Siberia in autumn, north of the Caspian Sea in winter, and over eastern Europe-northern Siberia in spring. The effects of sea ice and snow on the SAT trends are realized mainly by modulating upward shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes.

scholarly journals Modelling natural regeneration of European beech in Saxony, Germany: identifying factors influencing the occurrence and density of regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Axer ◽  
Sven Martens ◽  
Robert Schlicht ◽  
Sven Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe potential utilisation of natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for forest conversion has received little attention to date. Ecological knowledge is necessary to understand and predict successful natural regeneration of beech. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of what drives the occurrence of beech regeneration and, once regeneration is present, what drives its density. In the study, we utilised a forest inventory dataset provided by Sachsenforst, the state forestry service of Saxony, Germany. The dataset was derived from 8725 permanent plots. Zero-altered negative binomial models (ZANB) with spatial random effects were used to analyse factors influencing occurrence and density simultaneously. The results provided by the spatial ZANB models revealed that the probability of the occurrence of beech regeneration is highly dependent on seed availability, i.e. dependent on source trees in close proximity to a plot. The probability of beech regeneration rises with the increasing diameter of a potential seed tree and decreases with increasing distance to the nearest potential seed source. The occurrence of regeneration is affected by overstorey composition and competition exerted by spruce regeneration. Where sites are affected by groundwater or temporary waterlogging, the impact on the occurrence of regeneration is negative. Although distance to the nearest potential seed source has an influence on occurrence, this variable exerts no influence on density. A high regeneration density arises in conjunction with a high beech basal area in the overstorey. Beech regeneration density, but not occurrence, is negatively affected by browsing intensity. These variables can be used to predict the occurrence and density of beech regeneration in space to a high level of precision. The established statistical tool can be used for decision-making when planning forest conversion using natural regeneration.

scholarly journals The Multiscale Monitoring of Peatland Ecosystem Carbon Cycling in the Middle Taiga Zone of Western Siberia: The Mukhrino Bog Case Study

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Egor Dyukarev ◽  
Evgeny Zarov ◽  
Pavel Alekseychik ◽  
Jelmer Nijp ◽  
Nina Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Chamber Method ◽  
The Impact

The peatlands of the West Siberian Lowlands, comprising the largest pristine peatland area of the world, have not previously been covered by continuous measurement and monitoring programs. The response of peatlands to climate change occurs over several decades. This paper summarizes the results of peatland carbon balance studies collected over ten years at the Mukhrino field station (Mukhrino FS, MFS) operating in the Middle Taiga Zone of Western Siberia. A multiscale approach was applied for the investigations of peatland carbon cycling. Carbon dioxide fluxes at the local scale studied using the chamber method showed net accumulation with rates from 110, to 57.8 gC m−2 at the Sphagnum hollow site. Net CO2 fluxes at the pine-dwarf shrubs-Sphagnum ridge varied from negative (−32.1 gC m−2 in 2019) to positive (13.4 gC m−2 in 2017). The cumulative May-August net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from eddy-covariance (EC) measurements at the ecosystem scale was −202 gC m−2 in 2015, due to the impact of photosynthesis of pine trees which was not registered by the chamber method. The net annual accumulation of carbon in the live part of mosses was estimated at 24–190 gC m−2 depending on the Sphagnum moss species. Long-term carbon accumulation rates obtained by radiocarbon analysis ranged from 28.5 to 57.2 gC m−2 yr−1, with local extremes of up to 176.2 gC m−2 yr−1. The obtained estimates of various carbon fluxes using EC and chamber methods, the accounting for Sphagnum growth and decomposition, and long-term peat accumulation provided information about the functioning of the peatland ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. Multiscale carbon flux monitoring reveals useful new information for forecasting the response of northern peatland carbon cycles to climatic changes.

Stability Analysis of Moving Printing Web With Sine Half-Wave Variable Density Based on Differential Quadrature Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimei Wu ◽  
Mingyue Shao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Qiumin Wu ◽  
Fan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Transverse Vibration ◽  
Differential Quadrature Method ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Differential Quadrature ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Quadrature Method ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Density Coefficient

The moving web is widely used to make printing and packaging products, flexible electronics, cloths, etc. The impact of the variable density on printing web dynamic behavior is considered. The density changes in the form of sine half-wave in the lateral direction. Based on the D'Alembert's principle, the transverse vibration differential equation of moving printing web with variable density is established and is discretized by using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The complex characteristic equation is derived. The impacts of the density coefficient and the dimensionless speed on the web stability and vibration characteristics are discussed. The results show that it is feasible to use the DQM to analyze the problem of transverse vibration of printing web with varying density; the tension ratio and the density coefficient have important impacts on the stability of moving printing web. This study provides theoretical guidance and basis for optimizing the structure of printing press and improving the stable working speed of printing press and web.

Il principio di precauzione: il Codice di condotta della Fao per la pesca responsabile e la politica comunitaria della pesca

2009 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Elisa Fiora Belgrado
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

- "From ancient times, fishing has been a major source of food for humanity and a provider of employment and economic benefits to those engaged in this activity. The wealth of aquatic resources was assumed to be an unlimited gift of nature. However, with increased knowledge and the dynamic development of fisheries after the Second World War, this myth has faded in face of the realization that aquatic resources, although renewable, are not infinite and need to be properly managed, if their contribution to the nutritional, economic and social well-being of the growing world's population is to be sustained" (Fao Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries - Preface). Thus fishing has to be conducted in a responsible and sustainable manner because fish provides a vital source of food and, at the same time, fishing is closely connected to the environment because, if it is not properly practised can it cause irreparable damage. This work analyses the principle of precaution which was recognized as principle no. 15 in the Declaration of Rio on Environment and Development in 1992 and mentioned at the Conference on Biological Diversity. It represents one of the fundamental principles of the Fao Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and Common Fisheries Policy (Regulation (EC) No 2371/2002 of 20 December 2002). States should apply a precautionary approach choosing the best measures and policy, taking into account the latest scientific evidence available. The aim is «to protect and conserve living aquatic resources, to provide for their sustainable exploitation and to minimise the impact of fishing activities on marine eco-systems.» (article 2 Regulation (EC) No 2371/2002).Parole chiave: scienza, protezione, precauzione, pesca, sviluppo.Key words: Science, Protection, Precaution, Fishing, Development.

scholarly journals Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Vladimir L. Gavrikov ◽  
◽  
Alexey I. Fertikov ◽  
Evgenii A. Vaganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Conifer Tree

Distribution of chemical elements in tree rings bears important information on various biogeochemical processes. In order to achieve a reliable interpretation of the information, it is necessary to know the degree of variation in the content of chemical elements both at the level of the entire species and at the level of individual trees. The research aims to determine which chemical elements have a stable distribution in the trunks of a number of conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The data for the analysis were obtained on the basis of the long-term experiment in forest growing. The experimental site was laid out in 1971–1972 in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk by the staff of the Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Before planting the seedlings, the soil ground was mechanically levelled, and thus, sufficiently equal growth conditions were created for all plantings. Cores with a diameter of 12 mm were sampled from three normally developing trees of each species and analyzed using modern X-ray fluorescence methods. Content relative values of elements (counts) were obtained with the Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems). The content of elements in the tree rings was characterized by the concentration and reserve of elements. Concentration was calculated as the number of counts per 1 mm2 of the ring area; reserve was calculated as the number of counts over the entire ring area. Each of these variables was defined by the parameters of linear slope in the calendar year series and the standard deviation. The cluster analysis was performed in the 4-dimensional space of the obtained parameters. This allowed determining whether the series of element distributions from different trees and species are grouped. Three elements (Ca, Co, and P) show high stability of distribution parameters in tree rings with no regard to tree species. A number of other elements (Mn, Pb, Cl, Cr, Ni, Sr, and W) are stably grouped depending on the species. The results of the research enable to focus on the study of the elements stably distributed in the conifer trunks. For citation: Gavrikov V.L., Fertikov A.I., Sharafutdinov R.A., Vaganov E.A. Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 24–37. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37

scholarly journals Interactions Between the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail (Potamopyrgus Antipodarum) and a Native Snail (Fossaria Bakerilymnaea Bulimoides Group) in the Greater Yeelowstone

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Heather Thon ◽  
Amy Krist
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
American West ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail ◽  
The Impact

Understanding invasive species impacts is critical to determining how an ecosystem may function after an introduction. Invasive species can alter the structure and function of ecosystems, reduce biological diversity, and alter communities through predation, facilitation and competition. In the past 30 years, the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) has established in areas of conservation concern in the American West including Yellowstone National Park. To develop a greater understanding of the impact of P. antipodarum on the native co-occurring snail, Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) bulimoides group, we conducted two experiments to assess the interactions occurring between these snails. We found that F. bulimoides growth was reduced by all interactors, but especially by P. antipodarum. In addition, growth of F. bulimoides was much more affected by high biomass of snails than P. antipodarum. P. antipodarum grew more in the presence of interactors and their growth was facilitated by the presence of the native snail F. bulimoides.

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