scholarly journals APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC ELEMENTS UNDER THE EVALUATION OF WATER-SAFETY IN THE PLANT-SOIL-AIR SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Виктор Алексеев ◽  
Viktor Alekseev ◽  
Иван Максимов ◽  
Ivan Maksimov ◽  
Михаил Семенов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Air System

Making the right decisions in the everyday practical activities of the agrotechnologist is the most important component determining the conditions for the growth and development of plants. It takes special importance in the conditions of incomplete (fuzzy) information. One of the perspective directions of solving problems of forecasting and modeling natural and human-corrected phenomena and processes is fuzzy logic. Studies of weather forecasting and the least costly creation of optimal conditions for the growth and development of agricultural plants are devoted to the work of many domestic and foreign scientists and, accordingly, there are various and sometimes contradictory points of view on the definition of predicted norms and the timing of irrigation. The relationships obtained in most of the studies and the calculation formulas describing the relationship between the volumes of water entering the sediments and watering with the processes of its infiltration into the soil are in many cases specialized for certain soils under specific conditions and are not always portable from soil to soil. In this regard, the paper discusses the modeling of the frequency and intensity of precipitation from long-term observations, as well as numerical calculations of the intensity of water absorption into the soil under natural precipitation and irrigation. This approach allows planning erosion-safe irrigation, which, in combination with natural precipitation, provides a favorable regime in the plant-soil-air system and, accordingly, obtaining high yields for the land under consideration. The state of the soil at different times determines in many respects how, on the one hand, the proportion of soaking water, and, on the other hand, the proportion of running water. And if the first part is directly connected with the moisture supply of plants, the second directly determines the danger of erosion processes. The rate of water absorption into the soil is influenced by factors such as specific surface area, soil porosity, initial humidity, structural and water resistance of aggregates, root system and plant density, etc.

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE PLANT-SOIL-AIR SYSTEM

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1330
Author(s):  
T. Kudra ◽  
G.S.V. Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Air System

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS ON GERMINATION OF SORGHUM SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Origin ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
System A ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Plant Plant

International Allelopathy Society has redefined Allelopathy as any process involving secondary metabolities produced by plants, algae, bacteria, fungi and viruses that influences the growth and development of agricultural and biological system; a study of the functions of secondary metabolities, their significance in biological organization, their evolutionary origin and elucidation of the mechanisms involving plant-plant, plant-microorganisms, plant-virus, plant-insect, plant-soil-plant interactions.

scholarly journals Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
José Valcir Fidelis Martins
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Mixture Experiment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

scholarly journals Requirements for the arrangement of poultry houses for keeping guinea fowl

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
V.M. Poliakovskyi ◽  
◽  
V.M. Mykhalska ◽  
L.V. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Artificial Heat

This article discloses the requirements for the installation of poultry houses and indoor equipment for keeping guinea fowl. In the construction of poultry houses it is necessary to take into account the behavioral and physiological characteristics of guinea fowl on which their growth and development, productivity, feed consumption and disease resistance. For construction of a poultry house choose the elevated site or with a small slope that thaws and rain waters did not collect and did not stagnate. The size of the poultry house depends on the number of livestock in it, so it is recommended to place up to 5 heads per 1 m2 of floor area. The roof of the poultry house is made sloping. Litter is used in the premises for keeping guinea fowl: peat, straw, sawdust, litter thickness –10-15 cm. During the whole winter period the litter is not removed, only fresh is added regularly. If the litter is heavily soiled, the contaminated part is removed and a clean one is added. For winter keeping of guinea fowl the room is well warmed, without allowing in it humidity and formation of a mold. When keeping guinea fowl in the summer, it is recommended to equip them with a walking yard, fenced with wire mesh, around which bushes and trees are planted or canopies are made to protect the bird from direct sunlight. In winter, an artificial heat source is installed in the poultry house, for example, electric brooders, electric lamps with a metal shade-reflector located at a height of 15-20 cm from the floor. Seats for guinea fowl are made of chipped bars with rounded upper edges, which are installed on the opposite side of the windows in a horizontal form. Nests are set in the henhouse long before the laying hens begin to lay eggs, so that the guinea fowl have time to get used to them and lay eggs in the nests. Feeders are made like troughs, which prevents contamination and scattering of food. A turntable is mounted on the brackets on top of the feeder, it rotates around its axis and also prevents the feed from scattering. At the height of the feeder is made so that the edges of the sides were at the level of the back of the bird. It is better to use vacuum or nipple drinkers to water the guinea fowl, which provide them with fresh running water.

scholarly journals Age periods of the development of protective forest plantations in the restoration of eroded ravine and ravine lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
V. M. Maliuha ◽  
V. V. Minder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of

At present, high-level attention is paid to the issues of the role, significance, optimal use of soils, their protection and combating degradation. By introducing the Sustainable Development Goals at the national level, Ukraine is obliged to introduce new programs and projects that, in practice, will have macroeconomic stability, ecological balance and social cohesion. During scientific research on the multifunctional role of protective forest plantations, which at one time were created on eroded territories, which include gully-ravine lands, to revive the properties of soils, work was carried out to substantiate their regenerative function. To achieve this goal, 90 soil-forest typological stations were established in erosion control plantations of various periods of plant growth and development with the selection of 270 soil samples. A study of their water-physical and agrochemical properties was carried out with the processing of the data obtained by statistical methods. Based on the analysis of scientific literary sources, the study of successful production experience and our own research on anti-erosion plantations to determine their impact on soil properties and the environment, qualitative stages of the ecological restoration of eroded soils have been developed. Changes in the age periods of growth and development of woody plants in protective forest plantations created on gully-ravine lands lead to a gradual step-by-step ecological restoration of eroded soils. Thus, a clear correlation of the age periods of growth and development of woody plants with the qualitative stages of ecological restoration of eroded soils was obtained. The selection of research objects provided for taking into account the same technology for creating anti-erosion plantings, growth and development in the same conditions, corresponding to five age periods of growth and development of woody plants. In each age period, qualitative changes occur during the growth and development of the vegetation cover, as well as quantitative changes in indicators characterizing the properties of the soil, which are presented in comparison with the control, which is the pasture. The main functions of these plantings are presented. Attention is paid to all age periods of growth and development of anti-erosion plantings in terms of forest measures for the successful cultivation of anti-erosion plantings and their effective action. The stages of ecological restoration of eroded territories are clearly consistent with the identified age periods. The prospects for understanding the process of restoring protective vegetation cover, including forest plantations, and their direct impact on the properties of eroded soils are opening up. Keywords: erosion processes, eroded soils, anti-erosion role, periods of development, qualitative stages, soil properties, hydraulic roughness.

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Growth and Development in Conventional and No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Dry Weight Growth

Monoculture velvetleaf had greater dry weight, growth rate, leaf area index, and height than velvetleaf grown in association with conventional or no-tillage corn. Velvetleaf planted 5 weeks after corn had significantly lower dry weight, leaf area index, and height compared to velvedeaf planted at the same time as corn. The combination of interference from corn and delayed planting caused a significant reduction in velvetleaf population at the end of the season, delayed the date of 50% velvetleaf flowering, increased the number of days required for 50% flowering, and reduced the number of capsules per plant. Velvetleaf dry weight/hectare and leaf area index increased as plant population increased. Velvetleaf dry weight, leaf area, capsules, and seed/plant decreased as plant density increased. There were no differences in vegetative or reproductive growth between velvetleaf grown in conventional or no-tillage areas.

scholarly journals Growth and development of the wild-growing subshrub Salsola orientalis SG Gmel. in culture under conditions of the Central Asian desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
E Z Shamsutdinova ◽  
Z Sh Shamsutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Degraded Pastures

Abstract In terms of life form Salsola orientalis S.G. Gmel. is a semi-shrub; its height reaches 40–60 cm; in terms of ecology, it is a haloxerophyte, extremely resistant to salt stress, air, and soil droughts. Salsola orientalis is a highly nutritious forage plant containing up to 20% protein in the budding phase. High resistance to environmental stress and good forage value allow us to consider it as a promising plant – its introduction into culture allowed restoring the forage productivity of degraded pastures in the Central Asian desert. The features of growth and development of Salsola orientalis were studied for ecological and biological characteristics and the possibility of introducing it into culture. It was found that the laboratory germination of seeds of the wild-growing half-shrub Salsola orientalis was quite high – 20–60%; field germination was very low – 0.1–1.7%. The survival rate of seedlings in young plants depends on environmental conditions and plant density. Under conditions of the Central Asian desert the plants basically die in the first year, especially in the germination phase; in the second year we registered insignificant losses; in subsequent years the number of plants stabilized. Salsola orientalis was found to be a fast growing plant, forming a normal half-shrub in the first year of life. The high ecological stability of Salsola orientalis in combination with its deeply penetrating and powerfully developed root system ensures vigorous and rapid growth. Under conditions of the Central Asian desert Salsola orientalis yields 1.3–1.7 t/ha of dry fodder mass, which is 4–5 times higher than the fodder productivity of natural desert pastures.

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