scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE LINKS OF FIELD CROP ROTATION ON THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Екатерина Данилец ◽  
Ekaterina Danilec
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Aggregate Composition

The influence of the links of field crop rotation on the agrophysical properties of the soil in the zone of unstable moistening is relevant. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained recommendations by enterprises in the cultivation of crops in order to obtain stable yields in the zone of unstable moisture. The experiment was conducted in the zone of unstable moisture in 2015-2018 on the plots of “Yurchenko” farm. The cultivation of winter wheat in a clean pair, leguminous crops, flax and in re-sowing in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropol territory is analyzed. A study was conducted of the effect of the links of field crop rotation on the aggregate composition, water resistance and soil moisture. During the years of research, flax as a precursor of winter wheat showed a decrease in the coefficient of soil structure and the formation of a lumpy fraction. Pea is a favorable predecessor that increases the agrophysical properties of the soil. Improving the crop rotation in the “Yurchenko” peasant farm in the Aleksandrovsky district will improve the agrophysical indicators of soil fertility, therefore, to get higher yields and cultivate winter wheat profitably.

scholarly journals Change of the productive soil moisture amount under different agrophytocenoses in accordance with the used tillage system in short-term crop rotation

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
I. Prymak ◽  
M. Yermolaev ◽  
O. Panchenko ◽  
S. Obrajyy ◽  
M. Voytovik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Wheat Germination

The influence of four basic tillage systems and four fertilizer systems on changes in productive soil moisture and water consumption by agrophytocenoses was studied within years 2017–2020 in the fve-feld crop rotation on typical black soil (chernozems) of the Bila Tserkva NAU experimental feld. It is established that the productive moisture reserves in a meter layer of soil in the phase of soybean germination are almost the same for moldboard, differentiated, disk and shallow types of tillage, but quite lower for chisel one; in the phases of the budding beginning and maturity of grain this indicator is the lowest for moldboard tillage, and the highest for moldboardless tillage. In the phase of winter wheat germination, as well as earing and full ripeness of grain, this rate is almost at the same level for moldboard, differentiated and shallow tillage, and for chisel one – 9–12 % higher compared to the reference level; in the phase of spring vegetation restoration no noticeable difference between tillage options was recorded. In the phase of sunflower seedlings there was the largest amount of the productive moisture in a meter layer of soil in the conditions of moldboardless plowing; the rest of tillage have shown almost the same amount of productive moisture; in the phase of the flowering beginning and full maturity of seeds, they are 3–5 % higher for moldboardless plowing, and 2–3 and 4–6 % lower for differentiated and disk tillage respectively than the reference one. In the phases of tube yielding, earing and full ripeness of spring barley grain, it is 11, 5 and 4 % higher compared to the reference rate for moldboardless plowing, differentiated and disk tillage respectively. For moldboard, chisel, differentiated tillage and shallow tillage, the water consumption coefcient of soybeans was 109, 120, 113 and 131 mm/t respectively. With moldboardless, differentiated and disc tillage, it is 11,5 and 4 % higher in winter wheat, respectively, than the reference level. Crop rotation productivity for moldboard and differentiated tillage at the same level, and for moldboardless and disk – signifcantly lower. Key words: crop rotation, crop, tillage, fertilizers, productive moisture, water consumption coefcient, total water consumption, productivity.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of grain of different ripening soft winter wheat varieties under different fertilizer systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 206-222
Author(s):  
T. V. Silifonov ◽  
◽  
H. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
S. P. Poltoretskyi ◽  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Unit ◽  
Fertilizer System

Aims. To determine the formation of physico-chemical properties of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in a field crop rotation. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physicochemical. Results. The article presents the formation of physico-chemical properties (thousand grain weight, grain unit, hardness index, protein content) of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in the field crop rotation. On average, over two years of research, thousand grain weight of KWS Emil soft winter wheat increased from 37.2 to 38.5 g, depending on the fertilizer system. The use of all types of fertilizers increased it by 3 % compared to areas without fertilizers. There is no significant difference between fertilizer application systems in the field crop rotation. The high stability index (0.96–1.00) of thousand grain weight formation under growing both varieties indicates a slight influence of weather conditions of the growing season. Thus, in 2020 this figure increased from 37.1 to 38.3 g, and in 2021 – from 37.2 to 39.1 g. In Rino variety, thousand grain weight was significantly higher than in KWS Emil variety by 16–17 %. The application of 75 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers increased it from 43.2 g to 43.6–43.8 g or only by 1 %, and at a double dose – to 44.8–45.2 g, or by 4–5 %. The efficiency of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers was higher than the cultivation of KWS Emil, and lower in Rino. The grain unit of both soft winter wheat varieties increased both on average and over the years of research with a stability index of 0.98–1.00. Thus, on average over two years of research, it increased in KWS Emil variety from 771 to 779–789 g/l or 1–2 % depending on the fertilizer system. Rino grain had 6% more grain unit compared to KWS Emil. On average, it increased from 820 to 831–838 g/l per fertilizer application or only by 1–2 %. Conclusions. It is established that the physico-chemical properties of grain change depending on the fertilizer system, variety and weather conditions of the growing season. Rino grain has higher physico-chemical properties. Thus, thousand grain weight increases from 43.2 to 43.6–45.2 g, grain unit – from 820 to 831–838 g/l, protein content – from 14.4 to 15.4–16.4 %, depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – hard-grained. In KWS Emil variety, thousand grain weight increases from 37.2 to 38.3–38.5 g, grain unit – from 771 to 779–789 g/l, protein content – from 11.7 to 12.3–13.7 % depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – soft-grained.

scholarly journals Effect of humic preparation and herbicide treatment on chernozem aggregate composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lychman ◽  
Olga Bezuglova ◽  
Marina Dubinina ◽  
Olga Naimi ◽  
Elena Polienko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Resistance Criterion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
Structural Coefficient ◽  
Soil Carbohydrates

The influence of the humic preparation and pesticides on dynamics of soil carbohydrates and the soil structure of ordinary chernozem during the cultivation of winter wheat and chickpeas was studied. A positive trend in the growth of the structural coefficient was observed in all variants. This dynamic was confirmed statistically when a humic preparation and pesticides were used together: the difference with the control after treatment was 1.54% (2019). A decrease in the number of water-resistant units from 87.4 to 56.6% was observed on the control during the entire field experiment. There was a statistically significant increase of water-resistant aggregates by 1.9-5.4% when pesticides are applied together with a humic preparation. The growth of the aggregate water resistance criterion (API) from 6.0% to 17.2% was observed in the variant with a humic preparation. The dynamics of soil carbohydrates in all variants in 2017-2018 was insignificantly expressed. The sharp increase in the content of carbohydrates in 2019 is probably associated with a change of culture in the crop rotation link from winter wheat to chickpea. The amount of carbohydrate compounds varies from 1.13 in the control to 1.26% in the variant with the combined use of pesticides and a humic preparation.

scholarly journals The change in grain yield by rotation of crop rotations of the chernozem steppe of the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov ◽  
Ildar Garifullovich Imashev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga

The influence of rotation length and fullness of grain – fallow crop rotations with a different set of biological groups (biogroupps) - winter, early spring and late spring crops on the yield of grain crops and grain yield from 1 hectare (ha) of arable land in the chernozem steppe of the Saratov Right Bank is analyzed, based on calculations for 4-field - 8 rotations, starting from 1989 and ending in 2020 (2-field - 16 rotations, 3-field - 10). It was revealed that the highest grain yield of 1.63 tons (t) from 1 ha of arable land, both on average for 32 years (1989-2020), and (1.82 t / ha) in the first-fourth (1989-2004) and (1.44 t/ha) of the fifth-eighth rotations (2005-2020), is observed in the 4-field grain – fallow crop rotation with a set of biogroupps-winter, spring early and late. The absence of a field of spring late crop (millet) in the 2 - and 3-field crop rotations reduces the grain yield by 0.11 and 0.30 t/ha, respectively, in comparison with the 4-field, both on average for all years, and by 0.22 and 0.28 t/ha in the first-fourth and by 0.20 and 0.32 t/ha in the fifth-eighth rotations. During the transition from the first-fourth rotation to the fifth-eighth, a significant decrease in the yield of field crops was established: winter wheat in the 3-field crop rotation by 0.87 t/ha or 26.6 %, 2-field by 0.72 t/ha or 22.4% and 4-field by 0.70 t/ha or 21.8 %; millet by 0.43 t/ha or 16.3 %, spring hard by 0.40 t/ha or 29.6 %, soft by 0.35 t/ha or 24.6 %. In all three spring crops, the yield reduction is 2.0 times lower than that of winter wheat. In general, according to crop rotations, the yield of winter wheat, both for the entire period of research, and in the first-fourth, fifth-eighth rotation, fluctuated within limited of the error of the experiment.

scholarly journals ​The Impact of Growing Legume Plants under Conditions of Biologization and Soil Cultivation on Chernozem Fertility and Productivity of Rotation Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almas Mukhametov ◽  
Nana Bekhorashvili ◽  
Aleksei Avdeenko ◽  
Alexey Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Rotation Crops ◽  
The Impact

Background: The combined use of green manure and legumes in binary legume-crop mixtures allows farmers to efficiently produce a sufficient amount of human food and animal feed. The purpose of this study is examine how biologization and the use of different soil cultivation techniques in legume cropping affects chernozem soil fertility and productivity of rotation crops. Methods: The studies were conducted between 2017 and 2019 in 3 crop rotations. The first (control) crop rotation comprised of a clean fallow phase, winter wheat, barley and sunflower. The second crop rotation was that of green-manure fallow (clover), winter wheat, barley, sunflower and clover with oilseed radish as green manure. The third crop rotation included alfalfa, winter wheat combined with alfalfa, followed by barley, followed by sunflower and alfalfa with oilseed radish as green manure. Result: The three-year data indicated that there was an improvement in the physical properties of soil. The water resistance of soil aggregates increased by 9.7 per cent. There was a steady tendency towards an increase in detritus content (1.5 times), the amount of soil aggregates (one-third) and water resistance of the soil aggregates (9 per cent).

INFECTION OF WINTER AND SPRING BARLEY BY ROOT ROT IN SOUTH-EAST KAZAKHSTAN

Habarshy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А Rysbekova ◽  
N Sultanova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Development Index ◽  
East Kazakhstan

The article presents the results of research on the development and spread of root rot ofwinter and spring barley, as well as winter wheat crops placed in crop rotation in the farms ofKarasay, Kerbulak, Enbekshikazakh and Talgar districts of Almaty region. As a result ofmonitoring, it was found that the precursors and the district of cultivation have a major impact onthe development of barley root rot. It is interesting to note that sowing of barley after the croprotation of spring wheat and winter barley show that the disease development index was muchhigher in comparison with other predecessors. The practical significance of the study is thepossibility of using its results by farmers, stakeholders, as well as by all interested parties.

EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER IN A FIELD CROP ROTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
А. I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh. А. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Spring Rape

In order to assess the agronomical efficiency of new organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF), developed in collaboration with Bilavis LLC from poultry droppings, and its role in improving the farming sustainability, a microfield experiment was established in the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Institute in 2012–2018. For the experiment, it was used polyethene containers without a bottom with a 1 m2 square. For the filling of the containers, the degraded average cultivated sod-podzolic soil was used. The fertilizer was used in a field crop rotation “green manure fallow (lupine), winter wheat, barley + perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, potato, spring rape”. The fertilizer was applied three times for winter wheat (3, 5 and 7 t/ha), barley and potato (4, 7 and 10 t/ha) separately and in combination with potassium fertilizer (10 kg K2O per 1 ton of the OMF) and complete mineral fertilizer (N75P50K50 and N100P75K75). The study found that the OMF from poultry droppings, produced by Bilavis LLC, had favourable technological properties. Given the specificity of the chemical composition (N:P:K = 1:1.8:1.4) and the alkaline reaction of the fertilizer, it should be preferably used on phosphorus-depleted soils of high acidity. The application of the OMF in field crop rotations on sod-podzolic soils in single doses from 3 to 10 t/ha (an annual average dose is from 1.6 to 3.9 t/ha) is justified both for potato and for grain crops. The average level of yield increase of potato tubers reached 77%, barley grain – 77% and winter wheat – 101%. The aftereffect was expressed in increasing the yield of green mass of blue lupine, perennial grasses and spring rape by 14–36%. The introduction of the OMF into the fertilizer system of the field crop rotation contributed to the stabilization of its productivity due to the integrated optimization of the soil conditions for the realization of the adaptive potential of crops to adverse weather and climate events. The variability of productivity of individual crops over the years decreased 1.4–1.8 times, and the variability of crop rotation in general reduced 1.7–2 times.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE ROOT ZONE OF PEA AND WINTER WHEAT PLANTS AT CULTIVATION IN MONOCULTURE AND FOUR FIELD CROP ROTATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
I.M. Malinovskaya ◽  
D.V Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Microbiological Processes

The peculiarities of various microbiological processes at cultivation of winter wheat and pea crops in the permanent and short crop rotations were studied in stationary experiments. It was established that the cultivation of wheat in a monoculture results in intensification of consumption of soil organic matter as compared to the crop rotations: without applications mineral fertilizers on 52,2 %, with mineral fertilizers – on 77,8 %; increase of humus mineralization: without fertilizer on 111 %, with fertilizer (N60P60K60) – on 15 %; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds on 100 and 60,0 %, respectively. Cultivation of peas in a monoculture was also accompanied by intensification of soil organic matter development: without the application of mineral fertilizers by 3,17 times, with mineral fertilizers – by 1,79 times; increase of humus mineralization by 1,73 and 1,88 times, respectively; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 2,38 and 1,88 times, respectively. The decrease of humus mineralization activity in the root zone of pea plants as comparing to the wheat was at 45,7 % (monoculture), 19,2 % (crop rotation) and 46,9 % (crop rotation, NPK) levels.

scholarly journals The yield of sugar beet in constant sowing and crop rotation

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Hlushchenko ◽  
R. V. Olepir ◽  
O. I. Len ◽  
O. A. Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Field Crop

Purpose. To determine the long-term effect of a complex of factors (anthropogenic and natural) on the productivity of sugar beet for a significant period and the level of pest reproduction. Study of short crop rotations. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The uneven distribution of precipitation during the sugar beet growing season has differently affected the efficiency of fertilizer systems and, as a consequence, the growth, development of plants and the yield of root crops. Yield of sugar beets at constant sowing on average for five years was dynamic, but its highest productivity, regardless of the fertilizer system, was in the first years of research, from 29.7 to 39.1 t/ha (on average for 1978–1982). Further cultivation in monoculture has led to yield reduction. The highest yield of sugar per hectare was also observed in the first five years, and varied in different fertilizer treatments from 4.67 to 6.22 t/ha. The lowest yield was in 1988–1992 and 1998–2002, 2.71 to 4.42 t/ha and 2.23 to 4.53 t/ha, respectively. Sugar beet yield in crop rotation was influenced by both forecrop and aftercrop. On average, during the years of research (2011–2019), the highest yield (43.0 t/ha) was obtained in the three-field crop rotation winter wheat — spring barley — sugar beet, while the lowest (41.8 t/ha) in the crop rotation sunflower — winter wheat — sugar beet, slightly higher in the four-field crop rotation soybean — winter wheat — sugar beet — corn (42.3 t/ha). The yield of sugar during continuous sowing, on average during the study period, was 3.5–5.1 t/ha, while in crop rotation it was 7.7–8.3 t/ha. According to the results of the survey of crops in the cotyledon phase, it was found that in unchanged sowing the density of common beet weevil (Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ) is quite high, 8.8 beetles/m2 (average for 2006–2008) and exceeds the harmfulness threshold (0.2–0.3 beetless/m2) several times. At this density, the damage to plant seedlings was significant. Conclusions. The yield of sugar beet is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Of the anthropogenic, in addition to fertilizers, it is important to adhere to scientifically sound crop rotation. Long-term stationary studies have shown that the cultivation of sugar beet in monoculture leads to a gradual and stable decrease in yield and, consequently, the yield of sugar per hectare. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to increase yields, but not significantly. In addition to weather conditions, the yield of sugar beet in crop rotation is influenced by forecrop and aftercrop. In the studied crop rotations, the lowest yield was obtained in the crop rotation where the forecrop of beets was sunflower, and the largest yield was obtained with legumes. Observance of crop rotation affects the phytosanitary condition of sowing; therefore, in monoculture, the density of common beet weevil is much higher than threshold, which leads to additional costs.

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