Physico-chemical properties of grain of different ripening soft winter wheat varieties under different fertilizer systems

Aims. To determine the formation of physico-chemical properties of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in a field crop rotation. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physicochemical. Results. The article presents the formation of physico-chemical properties (thousand grain weight, grain unit, hardness index, protein content) of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in the field crop rotation. On average, over two years of research, thousand grain weight of KWS Emil soft winter wheat increased from 37.2 to 38.5 g, depending on the fertilizer system. The use of all types of fertilizers increased it by 3 % compared to areas without fertilizers. There is no significant difference between fertilizer application systems in the field crop rotation. The high stability index (0.96–1.00) of thousand grain weight formation under growing both varieties indicates a slight influence of weather conditions of the growing season. Thus, in 2020 this figure increased from 37.1 to 38.3 g, and in 2021 – from 37.2 to 39.1 g. In Rino variety, thousand grain weight was significantly higher than in KWS Emil variety by 16–17 %. The application of 75 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers increased it from 43.2 g to 43.6–43.8 g or only by 1 %, and at a double dose – to 44.8–45.2 g, or by 4–5 %. The efficiency of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers was higher than the cultivation of KWS Emil, and lower in Rino. The grain unit of both soft winter wheat varieties increased both on average and over the years of research with a stability index of 0.98–1.00. Thus, on average over two years of research, it increased in KWS Emil variety from 771 to 779–789 g/l or 1–2 % depending on the fertilizer system. Rino grain had 6% more grain unit compared to KWS Emil. On average, it increased from 820 to 831–838 g/l per fertilizer application or only by 1–2 %. Conclusions. It is established that the physico-chemical properties of grain change depending on the fertilizer system, variety and weather conditions of the growing season. Rino grain has higher physico-chemical properties. Thus, thousand grain weight increases from 43.2 to 43.6–45.2 g, grain unit – from 820 to 831–838 g/l, protein content – from 14.4 to 15.4–16.4 %, depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – hard-grained. In KWS Emil variety, thousand grain weight increases from 37.2 to 38.3–38.5 g, grain unit – from 771 to 779–789 g/l, protein content – from 11.7 to 12.3–13.7 % depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – soft-grained.