scholarly journals Diversidade da dipterofauna necrófaga associada a diferentes matérias orgânicas em decomposição em dois tipos vegetacionais do semiárido pernambucano

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Daniel Luís Viana Cruz ◽  
Aline Freitas Spíndola ◽  
Fernanda Larisse dos Santos Lima ◽  
Plínio Pereira Gomes Junior
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Resumo. No semiárido, poucos são os estudos que abordam a dipterofauna necrófaga. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento da fauna de dípteros necrófagos e avaliar sua distribuição espaço-temporal em diferentes localidades dos municípios de Serra Talhada/PE e Triunfo/PE. Foram realizadas coletas, ao longo do período de setembro de 2013 (estação seca) e abril de 2014 (estação chuvosa), com auxilio de armadilhas aéreas contendo três tipos de iscas diferentes (peixe, frango e carne bovina) em quatro pontos de coletas, três em Serra Talhada (área rural, área urbana e lixão) e um em Triunfo (área rural). A partir de 1.215 indivíduos coletados foram identificadas 12 espécies distribuídas entre as famílias Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Phoridae, Piophilidae, Stratiomyidae, Sarcophagidae, Tephritidae e Ulidiidae.Necrophagous dipterofauna diversity associated to different types of organic matter decomposed in two vegetation types of the semi-arid PernambucoAbstract. In the semi-arid region, there are few studies that address the necrophagous dipterofauna. Then, this study aimed to carry out a survey the fauna of necrophagous insects of Diptera order and assess its spatiotemporal distribution in different locations in the municipalities of Serra Talhada/PE and Triunfo PE. The insects have been collected during the September 2013 (dry season) and April 2014 (rainy season), using air traps with three different types of bait (fish, chicken and beef) in four collection points, three in Serra Talhada (rural area, urban area and dump city) and Triunfo (rural area). From 1,215 individuals collected were identified 12 species distributed among the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Phoridae, Piophilidae, Stratiomyidae, Sarcophagidae, Tephritidae and Ulidiidae.

scholarly journals Mapeamento da desertificação da Região de Desenvolvimento Sertão do São Francisco com base na cobertura vegetal e nas classes de solos (Desertification mapping of “Sertão” San Francisco Development Region based on the vegetation and the soil classes)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Iêdo Bezerra Sá ◽  
Tony Jarbas Ferreira Cunha ◽  
Tatiana Ayako Taura ◽  
Marcos Antônio Drumond
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Na região Semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco existe grande diversidade na paisagem natural, onde a vegetação, os solos e o clima geram uma multiplicidade de situações que concorrem para formação de diferentes ecossistemas e habitats com grande potencial ecológico e ambiental. Nesta região, a vegetação é caracterizada por diferentes fisionomias, variando de áreas com formações arbustivas, com cobertura do solo muito escassa e quase ausente, a formações arbóreas com níveis de cobertura bastante densas. De modo análogo, nesta região ocorre uma grande variedade de solos, que por suas características, manejo e situação no relevo podem potencializar os processos erosivos, determinantes no desencadeamento da desertificação. Considerando as interrelações destas duas variáveis ambientais, este trabalho tem o objetivo de realizar um diagnóstico das áreas susceptíveis à desertificação da Região de Desenvolvimento Sertão do São Francisco - RDSF, tendo como base o cruzamento das informações da cobertura vegetal natural e das classes de solos. Para tanto, foram utilizados o recorte do mapeamento da cobertura vegetal e uso do solo e o recorte do mapeamento de solos da RDSF. Foram estabelecidos critérios para susceptibilidade da cobertura vegetal, assim como para as classes de solos presentes na área. Executou-se a intersecção destas duas bases de informação para o perfil da sensibilidade à desertificação. Os resultados mostram que a RDSF tem os seguintes valores das áreas em processos de desertificação: 1,77% na classe ausente ou fraca; 74,74% na classe moderada; 0,35% na classe acentuada e 23,14% na classe severa. Deste modo, observa-se que aproximadamente 98% da RDSF encontram-se na situação de sensibilidade à desertificação em que predominam as classes de Moderada a Severa. In the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco there are plenty of biophysics where vegetation, climate, soils, and the various faces and the relationships and processes that take place among them generate the formation of different ecosystems and habitats with great potential ecological and environmental. There are a range of vegetation types, ranging from shrubby coverage areas up to very sparse and mostly absent vegetation areas, which demonstrated high desertification process occurring. Similarly, a variety of soils that is in the region along with vegetation makes this a region of great variation from the viewpoint of environmental supply. This article deals with the realization of a diagnosis of environmental sensitivity to desertification of São Francisco Development Region seeking spatialize the different situations in which the environment fulfills a greater or lesser extent, its role as provider of environmental services. For this, we used the cutting mapping of existing vegetation and soil mapping of the state and the established criteria, as well as edaphic vegetation cover, featuring the susceptibility to degradation and performed the intersection of these two bases of information to profile the sensitivity to desertification. The results show that São Francisco Development Region has the following values of areas undergoing desertification: 1.77% in weak class; 74.74% in the moderate class; 0.35% in sharp class, and 23.14% in severe class. Keywords: desertification, São Francisco, Semi-arid region, soils.   

Semi-Arid Region Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Property in Mine Spoils and Phytoremediation Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Zhang ◽  
En De Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Semi-arid region of Soil repair in Mine spoils is a problem of worthy of attention and research, this paper assesses Fuxin mining area and YuanBaoShan mining area for test site, five kinds of site types are divided based on the investigation of mine spoils damage situation, and testing each sitetype of soil physical properties and the change of soil nutrient systematically, and doing the five kinds of sitetypes’phytoremediation research based on it. The evaluation results indicate: Mine spoils soil along with the increasing length of stopping discharging the gangue, the soil physical and chemical characteristics improve gradually. Through the research of vegetation and soil interaction relations we get the best Reclamation vegetation types of the Mine spoils. Mine spoils is an important form of land degradation, is one of the major environmental problems of today's world. This paper assesses Fuxin mining area and YuanBaoShan mining area for test site, testing each site type of soil physical properties and the change of soil nutrient systematically, and on the basis of experiments, putting forward the best Reclamation vegetation types for mine spoils.

scholarly journals Sustainable agriculture: the use of FAMACHA method in Santa Ines sheep in the Semi-arid region of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1647-1662
Author(s):  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
◽  
Hermano Manoel Francisco Figueiredo Bezerra ◽  
Roberto Alves Bezerra ◽  
Maysa Oliveira Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Poor Welfare ◽  
Semi Arid

Sheep farming is of great importance in generating income to smallholders in semi-arid areas worldwide. Gastrointestinal helminths cause important damage to the animals with poor welfare conditions, impacting in local economies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the FAMACHA method (FMC) in a herd of 60 Santa Inês from Paraíba, Brazil, and to compare the data from previous production years. In order to determine anemic sheep, FMC chart was used in biweekly evaluations for 12 months by trained personnel. Blood and fecal samples were collected monthly to determine packed cell volume (PCV), and parasite fecal egg count (FEC), respectively. The animals were divided into: dry, pregnant and lactating ewes, lambs and rams. Haemonchus was the predominant helminth genus (94.7%) during the whole year. There were up to 97% of success on the interpretation of FMC with 90 to 100% efficacy in the treatment decision. Among the 1356 evaluations, in only 40 (3%) were required deworming, being 27 during the rainy season and 13 during the long dry season. A statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between FEC and PCV for the dry, lactating, and pregnant categories. The data reports a 94% reduction in deworming, with a greater need for anthelmintic use in lambs and lactating ewes (P < 0.05). Our data validates the use of FMC in Santa Inês sheep, which is considered a local resilient breed in the semi-arid region of Brazil. We recommend that animals should be examined during the rainy season to prevent most of the clinical problems.

scholarly journals Analysis of the NDVI Temporal Dynamics in Semi-arid Ecosystems: Brazilian Caatinga and African Western Sahel (Análise da Dinâmica Temporal do NDVI nos Ecossistemas Semi-áridos: Caatinga Brasileira e Sahel Ocidental Africano)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Alves Barbosa ◽  
T.V. Lakshimi Kumar ◽  
Ivon Wilson da Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
African Sahel

Os resultados indicaram que o efeito causado pelo evento El Niño, nos vários tipos de vegetação na região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil, durante as duas últimas décadas do século passado, apresentou diferentes padrões sazonais e interanuais dos tipos de vegetação no Sahel africano. A amplitude sazonal na variação do Índice de Vegetação Diferença Normalizada – NDVI, no Sahel Africano não foi alterada pelo efeito climático do El Niño, no entanto, na região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil, os tipos de vegetação foram afetados durante os eventos El Niño. Além disso, observou-se que o NDVI varia de acordo com as condições climáticas locais, apresentando uma lacuna temporal entre a ocorrência de precipitação e absorção de água disponível na vegetação. Esta informação é importante para mostrar condições de contorno para os modelos climáticos e também para a previsão numérica de tempo.  Palavras-chave: Vegetação, Aridez . Satelite  Análise da Dinâmica Temporal do NDVI nos Ecossistemas Semi-áridos: Caatinga Brasileira e Sahel Ocidental Africano   ABSTRACT The results indicated that the effect caused by the El Niño event in the various types of vegetation in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil during the last two decades of the last century, presented a differing seasonal and interannual patterns from the vegetation types in the African Sahel. The seasonal amplitude of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI variation in the African Sahel was not altered by the climatic effect of El Niño, however, in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, the vegetation types were affected during the El Niño events. Furthermore, it was observed that the NDVI varies according to the local climatic conditions, presenting a temporal gap between the precipitation occurrence and water absorption available from the vegetation. This information is important to show contour conditions for climatic models and also for the weather numerical forecasting.   Keywords: Vegetation, drought, satellite.

scholarly journals Chemical and structural characterization of soil humic substances under agroforestry and conventional systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1597-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislane M. de Moraes ◽  
Francisco Alisson da Silva Xavier ◽  
Eduardo de Sá Mendonça ◽  
João Ambrósio de Araújo Filho ◽  
Teógenes Senna de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Aromatic Character ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Studies have proven that the agroforestry systems in the semi-arid region of the State of Ceará, Brazil, induce an increase in soil organic C levels. Notwithstanding, there is no information if this increase also results in qualitative changes in different pools of soil organic matter. The objective of this study was to verify the possible chemical and structural alterations in fulvic and humic acids of a Luvisol in areas adopting agroforestry, traditional intensive cultivation and native forest in a long-term experiment conducted in the semi-arid region of Ceará State, Brazil. The study was conducted in an experimental area of the National Goat Research Center (Embrapa) in Sobral, CE. The following treatments were evaluated: agrosilvopasture (AGP), silvopasture (SILV), intensive cultivation under fallow (ICF), and areas with native forest (NF). Soil fulvic and humic acids fractions were extracted from the 0-6 and 6-12 cm layers and characterized by elemental composition, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The elemental composition analysis of humic acids confirmed the data found for fulvic acids, showing reduction in the C, H and N levels, followed by an increase in O contents in the AGP and ICF treatments over SILV and NF. In all treatments, except to SILV in the 0-6 cm layer, the percentage of mass loss was highest (300-600 °C) for humic acids in the thermally most stable region. Despite the similarity between infrared spectra, soil fulvic acids in the SILV treatment extracted from 6-12 cm depth decrease the absorption bands at 1708 and 1408 cm-1 followed by an increase in the absorption band at 1608 cm-1 attributed to aromatic C=C groups. This behavior suggests an increase in the aromatic character of the structure. The AGP and ICF treatments, which increase the soil tilling, favored the maintenance of humic substances with a more aromatic character in the soil than SILV and NF. The less aromatic humic substances in the SILV treatment resulted in an increase of exchange sites of soil organic matter, indicating improved nutrient cycling and maintenance of productivity in the system.

scholarly journals Uncertainties of the rainfall regime in a tropical semi-arid region: the case of the State of Ceará

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Maia de Andrade ◽  
Maria Gina Torres Sena ◽  
Antonio Givanilson Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francisco Jairo Soares Pereira ◽  
Fernando Bezerra Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The rural population of a tropical semi-arid region such as the northeast of Brazil is directly dependent on rainfall for agricultural production, pasture for livestock, and the storage of drinking water for human consumption. The region is characterised by the frequent occurrence of dry years and consecutive dry days (CDD) during the rainy season, demonstrating the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture. The aim of this study therefore, was to identify homogeneous regions of the State of Ceará where there is greater or lesser uncertainty of the rainfall regime. Accordingly, the occurrence of dry and very dry years were investigated as uncertainties between years, together with the occurrence of two classes of CDD (10-20 and 21-30 days) during the rainy season. To define similar regions as to the uncertainty of the rainfall regime, the technique of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was used. The study considered time series of least 30 years, from 77 rain gauge stations around the state of Ceará. The use of HCA resulted in the formation of seven homogenous groups in both of the phenomena being investigated. Municipalities in the Central Backlands, the Inhamuns Backlands and the Jaguaribana Region displayed a higher frequency of both inter-annual (dry years) and intra-annual (CDD) uncertainty, demonstrating the greater vulnerability of rainfed agriculture. The occurrence of a CDD event is not dependent on the total annual rainfall, as several stations with an average rainfall higher than that of the state showed potential for the occurrence of CDD. The number of CDD events recorded in the 11-20 day class was higher than in the 21-30 day class.

scholarly journals Differentials in the epidemiological profile of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raizza B.S. Silva ◽  
Laysa F. Franco-Silva ◽  
Diana A. Lima ◽  
Saul S. Fonseca ◽  
Marília A.S. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and to identify the differences in associated factors to its occurrence in urban area and countrysides in the municipality of Santa Luzia located in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. In the years 2015 and 2016, 779 blood samples from dogs were collected. The prevalence was determined by three serological techniques, ELISA-S7® Kit, DPP® Rapid Test and EIE-LVC® Kit, considering positive the samples that reacted in at least two assays. Associated factors were determined by univariate and multivariate analyzes of the guardians’ responses to the epidemiological questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in the studied municipality was 15.00% (117/779), being higher in the urban area (15.20%) than in the countryside (13.60%). The neighborhood with the highest prevalence was Frei Damião with 26.40% (33/125), being considered a hotspot (OR 1.245, p=0.007). Other associated factors were the semi-domiciliary breeding (OR 1.798, p=0.025), in the urban area, and hunting dog (OR 18.505, p=0.016), contact with cattle (OR 17.298, p=0.022) and environment where the dog is raised (OR 4.802, p=0.024) in the countryside. In the municipality of Santa Luzia, the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis is high and the disease is widely distributed. Epidemiological differences between urban area and the countryside could be observed demonstrating the need for more adequate control measures for each locality and proving the urbanization process.

Organic matter and phosphorus fractions in irrigated agroecosystems in a semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Pereira de Assis ◽  
Teógenes Senna de Oliveira ◽  
Joana d’Arc da Nóbrega Dantas ◽  
Eduardo de Sá Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid
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