scholarly journals “Why did I not die in the womb?” Job’s cursing the day of his birth in the interpretations of Gregory the Great and Thomas Aquinas (a comparative approach)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Roeske
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Great Pain

The Book of Job presents a just, blameless man, who after being afflicted with great pain and suffering begins to curse the day of his birth. The aim of the article is to elucidate the reasons for and the meaning of Job’s harsh words by comparing two different interpretations of the passage offered by Gregory the Great and Thomas Aquinas. Both expositions seem to be incompatible regarding: the reasons for and the aims of Job’s cursing, the moral evaluation of his cursing, the reasons for and the objects of Job’s sorrow, the virtuous way of expressing sorrow. On the other hand, they seem compatible concerning the admission of the fact of experiencing sorrow by Job and the moral imperative to tame sorrow. The incompatibilities appear to be rooted in two different approaches to passions (the Stoic versus the Peripatetic one) and in different evaluations of earthly life and goods. It is shown that Aquinas’ interpretation is more faithful to the text and relies on a more adequate anthropology and psychology.

scholarly journals Onnipotenza divina e ordine naturale nel Medioevo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Possamai
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Augustine Of Hippo ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pliny The Elder ◽  
The One

The present essay aims, on the one hand, to recall the reasons of anti-naturalism, intended in a metaphysical perspective, of a large part of medieval philosophical and theological reflection and, on the other hand, to show how the same type of problems, specifically those concerning the possible mutability or immutability of the past, can be employed in favour of various conflicting positions on the matter. To demonstrate this, reference was made to some thinkers who could represent emblematic positions on the theme, in particular: Pliny the Elder for the ancient world, Augustine of Hippo, Peter Damian, Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas for the medieval era.

scholarly journals Seeing God. Thomas Aquinas on Divine Presence in the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Roszak ◽  
Tomasz Huzarek
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Natural Level ◽  
Presence Of God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Changing World

Abstract: How to recognize the presence of God in the world? Thomas Aquinas' proposition, based on the efficient, exemplary and intentional causality, including both the natural level and grace, avoids several simplifications, the consequence of which is transcendent blindness. On the one hand, it does not allow to fall into a panentheistic reductionism involving God into the game of His variability in relation to the changing world. The sensitivity of Thomas in interpreting a real existing world makes it impossible to close the subject in the ''house without windows'', from where God can only be presumed. On the other hand, the proposal of Aquinas avoids the radical transcendence of God, according to which He has nothing to do with the world.

scholarly journals “Pliks es nācu no mātes klēpja, un pliks es turp atgriezīšos!”: māksla nomirt patērētāju sabiedrībā

Ceļš ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Ilze Jansone ◽  
Ilze Jankovska
Keyword(s):  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Attitudes Toward Death ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Main Ideas

Today, we do not talk about death very much; if we do, we talk about mass death in media which is an estranged tragedy and does not appeal to us. On the other hand, the spirit of the time which we live in tries to prevent us from aging mostly by using consumerist philosophy, thus placing death and dying, and, especially, the consciousness of our own death in the grey zone. In this article, we aspire to sketching the main attitudes toward death in consumerist society, using theories of consumerism and also Google Analytics in order to define the lifestyle of the contemporary consumerist. Then, with some examples from the point of view of philosophy of religion and also keeping in mind the theology of Book of Job from the perspective of philosophy of religion, we will try to find an answer to the question – “how does the theology of the Book of Job or the interpretations thereof can help us to form our style of death?” Two main ideas are synthesised in the course of the article: firstly, consumerist lifestyle can be characterised as “desire for the desire”, while in Book of Job, when it is read from the consumerist’s perspective, one can see the repeating of faith, which is also an essential part of the theology of Soren Kierkegaard. Thus, the synthesis of these conclusions can construct consumer’s “death style”, which can be defined as “desire for the everlasting”.

Epistemology and ethics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Epistemology and ethics are both concerned with evaluations: ethics with evaluations of conduct, epistemology with evaluations of beliefs and other cognitive acts. Of considerable interest to philosophers are the ways in which the two kinds of evaluations relate to one another. Philosophers’ explorations of these relations divide into two general categories: examination of potential analogies between the two fields, and attempts to identify necessary or conceptual connections between the two domains. There is little doubt that there are at least superficial similarities between ethics and epistemology: one might say that ethics is about the appraisal of social behaviour and agents, while epistemology is about the appraisal of cognitive acts and agents. On the other hand, the widely held view that behaviour subject to moral evaluation is free and voluntary while beliefs are not, suggests one important disanalogy between the two fields.

scholarly journals Tafsîr Khuluqun ‘Adzîm: A Methodological Studies

Refleksi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-251
Author(s):  
Saadatul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Methodological Studies

Since 16th century until the recent age, study commentary is increasing gradually in Indonesia. It was characterized by the spirit of produce commentaries from scholars of Indonesia (pre-modern) such as works of Abd al-Raûf al-Sinkilî (Tarjumân al-Mustafid), Syaikh Nawawî (Tafsir Maraẖ Labid) and Aẖmad Sanusî (Tafsir al-Qurân al-Karîm), and modern era explicitly Quraish Shihab (Tafsir al-Misbah) and Didin Hafidhudddin (Tafsir al-Hijri). On the other hand, Quranic exegesis is magnetizing the modern society, academia, and the government. Two things are a sign that Indonesia necessitates developing new outlooks contained in the works of interpretation, so the view of Indonesian society are to be more extensive and varied without being limited by one of his Indonesian commentators. Yunan Yusûf , one of the Indonesian Muslim philosopher, within Tafsir Khuluqun 'Adzîm endeavors coloring Indonesian elucidation by creating distinctive work that is an interpretation of the Quran from the short chapters (Madanî) to the extended chapters (Makî). This article discovers specifically the explanation of the al-Mulk to find a methodology, sources, references and pattern of his works.  This paper depicts qualitative method with the analytical comparative approach through the two references commentaries Indonesia Tafsîr al-Azhâr and al-Miṣbah. Yunan interprets the Quran critically and decisively utilizing the color philosophy. He is able to convey the message of the Qur'an by using the correlation of the Quran (munâsabah al-Qurân bi al-Qurân) either on his work title or his clarification content. This article concludes that the better sources is preferred the more authentic the exegesis is and the more dominant the type of commentaries is the more pattern work is.

scholarly journals Scandinavian Component in Anglo-Saxon and Norman Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Palamarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The One

The article provides an analytical review of contemporary British historiography in the field of Anglo-Saxon and Norman ethnicity. On the one hand, modern scholars shift the focus on periphery and frontier regions of the kingdoms of Scotland and England and the Duchy of Normandy; on the other hand, the concept of “Atlantic archipelago” emphasizes the specificity of insular variant of ethno-political development. The phenomenon of “the Norman world”, encompassing whole communities and territories inhabited by the Normans, is a fertile ground for realization of such “regional” approach. Both its strengths and limitations can be seen in the fundamental study “Heirs of the Vikings: History and Identity in Normandy and England, c. 950 — c. 1015” by Katherine Cross. She demonstrates that the denotation of the term “Norman” was not stable, and its interpretation was determined by the historical memory of a concrete region or community. Comparing two regions where, on the one hand, a complex ethnic landscape had been preserved by the 10th–11th centuries, and where, on the other hand, centralizing tendencies of the ambitious ruling dynasties had been developing, K.Cross seeks answers to the question “Why and how did Viking identity come to mean different things in England and Normandy?” The comparative approach to exploring Norman and English identities chosen by the author is realized exclusively on the basis of textual evidence: genealogies, ethnogenetic narratives, hagiography and charters. The analysis of “ethnic” discourse of the sources carried out by K.Cross is a vital, yet intermediate step towards a more fundamental debate.

scholarly journals Man-Nature Relationship in L P Devkota’s Poems: An Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Nabaraj Dhungel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The One

Man-nature relationship is one of the central themes of great poet Laxmi Prasad Devkota. This relationship is both analogous and Antithetical. Nature is source of life, knowledge and pleasure foe human beings. But at the same time it is cruel and angry giving pain and suffering to human beings. Similarly, man both loves and exploits the nature. On the one hand, they worship nature as god but on the other hand, they make it the source of earning deteriorating it. Instead of enjoying its beauty and positively using nature, human beings try to get maximum profit from nature irrationally utilizing it which causes adverse effects in the ecosystem and the whole universe. Many of his poems focus on mundane elements of the human and the natural world.

scholarly journals Umberto Eco’s Encyclopedia vs. Porphyry’s Tree

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Cornea
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract The paper questions the postmodern, wide-spread tendency to abusively reconstruct the meaning of some texts of the philosophers of the past, so that they may serve as allies or foes in our own contemporary ideological wars. The chosen example is an article by Umberto Eco, called “Anti-Porphyry”, and the parallel chapter, “Dictionary vs. Encyclopedia”, from his well-known book Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. According to Eco, the famous “Porphyry’s tree” is the pictorial representation of the so-called “strong thought”, which — so he believes — was being subverted from the outset in the benefit of the “weak thought” or “Encyclopedia thought” even in the works of some essentialist philosophers like Aristotle or St. Thomas Aquinas. On the other hand, Eco thinks he found in d’Alembert’s Discours préliminaire to the French Encyclopédie a forerunner of postmodern “weak thought”, which resembles the so-called 3rd type labyrinth or the “rhizome” described by G. Deleuze, and which is the opposite of the logic encapsulated in the “Porphyry tree”. The paper attempts to show that Eco distorted the ideas of the above-mentioned philosophers by dislodging them from their original metaphysical context and by manipulating some of the relevant texts. So, in Eco’s view, both Aquinas and d’Alembert anachronistically became forerunners of postmodernism. In fact, what Eco eventually got was less an accurate description of some philosophies of the past, than a historical-philosophical reconstruction rather abusively legitimizing his own ideas.

scholarly journals The Establishment of Theoretical Bases for the Rule of the People in the Medieval Theological Tradition: Genealogy of the Constitutional Law Doctrine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Zenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
John Of Salisbury ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One

The proposed article makes an attempt at a study of the processes of the origination and development of theoretical bases for the idea of the rule of the people in the medieval theological tradition. The author systematically analyzes the systems of ideas of Aurelius Augustinus, Thomas Aquinas, Manegold of Lautenbach, John of Salisbury and other thinkers. The paper notes that the development of the rule of the people doctrine in the medieval theological tradition has secured the establishment of a theoretical framework. The idea of the rule of the people is developed during the studied period taking into account two interdependent tendencies. On the one hand, it is drawn up as the main argument in justification of derivativeness and limitation of the monarch’s secular authorities. On the other hand, it is established as a theoretical basis of a new legitimate ground for the king’s rule.

The roots of Trump’s foreign policy: offensive realism or eye washing twilight?

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Yiğit Anıl Güzelipek
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
International System ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Offensive Realism ◽  
Domestic Power

Beyond his low popularity and lack of experience in governance, Donald Trump is already one of the most “out of type” presidents of the American history. Despite the fact that he just spent almost one and a half year on the presidency, his domestic and foreign policy approaches dominate the agenda of international public opinion. In particular, his discourses on American foreign policy’s approach towards the international system offer great aggression. In other words, on the basis of discursive, Trump’s foreign policy approach accords with the classic approach of American foreign policy which is mostly based on offensive realism. On the other hand, in the practice, Trump faces various internal and external difficulties to realize his foreign policy approach. Besides these difficulties, Trump’s practical foreign policy implementations dramatically decrease the prestigious of the States and harm the historical “American Exceptionalism” image. This paper aims to produce a comparative approach to Trump’s foreign policy between theory and in practice. According to the findings of this study, Trump considers the American foreign policy as an instrument to consolidate his domestic power and popularity. On the other hand, use of the American foreign policy as a “political card” does not appear as a rational option to maximize the power capacity of the United States.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document